CN109888478B - Multifunctional radio frequency device based on dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole - Google Patents
Multifunctional radio frequency device based on dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109888478B CN109888478B CN201910188785.2A CN201910188785A CN109888478B CN 109888478 B CN109888478 B CN 109888478B CN 201910188785 A CN201910188785 A CN 201910188785A CN 109888478 B CN109888478 B CN 109888478B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- reflecting plate
- vertical
- dual
- shaped
- hook
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional radio frequency device based on a dual-polarized magnetic electric dipole, which comprises a dual-polarized symmetrical array radiation structure, a feed network structure and a reflecting plate, wherein the feed network structure is arranged on the reflecting plate; the dual-polarized symmetrical array radiating structure comprises two mutually orthogonal vertical substrates, three mutually perpendicular metal plates are arranged in each area formed by the two mutually orthogonal vertical substrates, wherein two metal plates are vertically arranged on the reflecting plate, and the other metal plate is horizontally arranged above the two metal plates which are vertical to the reflecting plate; the feed network structure is composed of a gamma-shaped feeder line loaded with parasitic hook-shaped self-coupling lines, one branch of the gamma-shaped feeder line is loaded with the hook-shaped self-coupling lines, and the hook-shaped self-coupling lines are arranged on a vertical substrate. The invention can independently control the filter and the antenna channel without additionally changing the circuit structure, thereby realizing the dual-port multifunctional radio frequency device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless mobile communication, in particular to a multifunctional radio frequency device based on a dual-polarized magnetic electric dipole.
Background
Microwave communication in China is widely applied to L, S, C, X frequency bands, and K frequency band application is still under development. Because the microwave has extremely high frequency and very short wavelength, the propagation characteristic of the microwave in the air is similar to that of the light wave, namely, the microwave advances linearly and is reflected or blocked when encountering blocking, so that the main mode of microwave communication is line-of-sight communication, and relay forwarding is needed after the line-of-sight is exceeded. The devices of the microwave station include antennas, transceivers, modulators, multiplexing devices, power supply devices, automatic control devices, etc. The multi-function microwave device has a wide range of potential applications and advantages over conventional single function devices. In particular, the multifunction microwave device may update its functionality in response to changes in operating requirements, reconfigure to predict changes in user needs, may continually improve the environment, and reduce costs, size, and time associated with hardware development cycles.
The filter and the antenna are two passive devices that are essential for the radio frequency front end. In order to diversify their functions, much effort has been put into designing filters with tunable center frequencies, bandwidths and transmission zeroes, and filters that switch their modes of operation between bandpass and bandstop. Considerable work has also been done with reconfigurable operating frequencies, radiation patterns and polarized antennas. In addition, collaborative designs of various filters and antennas (filter antennas) have been developed. However, all of these designs provide only a single component function, i.e., a filter or antenna.
The prior art proposes a two-in-one design of filter and antenna integration by using a dual-function cavity resonator, and realizes filtering and radiation operation of three different frequency bands, but the bandwidth is only 0.33% although the dual-polarization function is realized; in addition, patches or dielectric resonators are used as radiators and filters of the same frequency, the radiators having only monopolar applications; also in these designs, the filter and antenna share a resonator, so their center frequencies or bandwidths cannot be tuned independently.
In the existing dual-polarized filter antenna and band-pass filter application design, how to realize the frequency selectivity of the passband edge with rapid roll-off and a certain out-of-band rejection capability is considered, and the filter and the antenna channel can be controlled independently; the antenna is also required to be simple in structure and small in size.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a multifunctional radio frequency device based on a dual-polarized magnetic electric dipole, which has the advantages of broadband filtering performance, stable working performance, high gain and high frequency selectivity.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multifunctional radio frequency device based on dual-polarized magneto-electric dipoles comprises a dual-polarized symmetrical dipole radiation structure, a feed network structure and a reflecting plate;
the dual-polarized symmetrical array radiating structure comprises two mutually orthogonal substrates, wherein the two mutually orthogonal substrates are vertically arranged on a reflecting plate, three mutually orthogonal metal plates are arranged in each area formed by the two mutually orthogonal vertical substrates, two metal plates are vertically arranged on the reflecting plate, and the other metal plate is horizontally arranged above the two metal plates which are vertical to the reflecting plate;
the feed network structure is composed of a gamma-shaped feeder line loading the hook-shaped self-coupling line, one branch of the gamma-shaped feeder line loads the hook-shaped self-coupling line, and the gamma-shaped feeder line is arranged on a vertical substrate.
The metal plate horizontally placed in the invention is square.
The T-shaped feeder line comprises two vertical branches perpendicular to the reflecting plate and one horizontal branch, the two vertical branches are connected to two ends of the horizontal branch, and the hook-shaped self-coupling line is loaded on the vertical branches.
The lengths of the two vertical branches are different, one vertical branch is connected with the reflecting plate, and the connection part of the two vertical branches is a feed port.
The hook-shaped self-coupling line is composed of four branches which are sequentially and vertically connected, and the branch of the initial section is vertical to one branch of the gamma-shaped feeder line.
The hook-shaped self-coupling line is loaded on a vertical branch connected with the reflecting plate.
The invention controls the center frequency of the multifunctional radio frequency device by adjusting the length of the horizontal branch in the gamma-shaped feeder line.
In the high-frequency band of the dipole radiation passband, the feed network structure serves as two resonators, and the magneto-electric dipole part does not radiate but serves as the ground of the feed network structure to form a second-order bandpass filter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention is based on the multi-functional radio frequency device of dual polarization magneto-electric dipole, can control the coupling between two resonators to tune the bandwidth of the filter by adjusting the length of the gamma-shaped feeder line in the vertical direction, and control the central working frequency of the filter by adjusting the length of the gamma-shaped feeder line in the horizontal direction.
2. The multifunctional radio frequency device based on the dual-polarized magnetic electric dipole can independently control the position of a low-frequency zero point by adjusting the height difference between the horizontal metal plate and the reflecting plate or the length of the electric dipole, and independently control the position of a high-frequency zero point by adjusting the length of the hook-shaped self-coupling line, so that good band-pass filtering performance is realized by combining the two components, the in-band gain is higher, the out-of-band is lower, and the out-of-band radiation is effectively inhibited.
3. The invention is based on the multi-functional radio frequency device of dual polarization magnetic electric dipole, the magnetic electric dipole has little influence on the filter characteristic, can control the filter and the antenna channel independently, has promoted the design of the dual functional component.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are top and side views, respectively, of fig. 1;
fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are schematic views of the vertical substrate structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the S-parameter measurement and simulation results at different frequencies in the present embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of measurement and simulation of actual gain at different frequencies in the present embodiment;
FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are graphs of measurement and simulated radiation patterns, respectively, of an embodiment of the present invention exciting only one port at a center operating frequency of 1.7 GHz;
FIG. 7 is a simulation and measured reflectance with or without an auto-coupling feature in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulation and measurement isolation with or without an auto-coupling feature in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a multifunctional radio-frequency device based on dual-polarized magnetic electric dipoles includes a reflecting plate, a dual-polarized symmetric array radiation structure and a feed network structure.
The reflecting plate 5 is horizontally arranged, the dual-polarized symmetrical array radiating structure is vertically arranged on the reflecting plate and comprises two mutually orthogonal vertical substrates 6, and the specific operation is that a rectangular gap is formed in the middle position of one vertical substrate, and the other vertical substrate is vertically inserted through the rectangular gap. Two perpendicular base plates of each other form four regions, set up three mutually perpendicular metal sheets in every region, three metal sheets include two perpendicular metal sheets 3 and a horizontal metal sheet 4, two perpendicular metal sheets 3 set up perpendicularly on reflecting plate 5, and two perpendicular metal sheets connect perpendicularly, horizontal metal sheet 4 sets up the top of two perpendicular metal sheets, perpendicular metal sheet produces a radiation zero point in low frequency passband edge department, sharp roll-off rate has been obtained, four horizontal metal sheets that lie in four regions are as electric dipole together, perpendicular metal sheet is as quarter wavelength's short circuit patch antenna, namely magnetic dipole. The generation of nulls by the vertical metal plates at the edges of the passband of the low frequency radiation can be controlled by adjusting the height of the vertical metal plates and the length of the electric dipoles.
The relative dielectric constant and thickness of the vertical substrate 6 were 3.55 and 0.81mm, respectively; a top view of the dual polarized magnetic electric dipole based multifunctional radio frequency device is shown in fig. 2 (a), and a side view of the dual polarized magnetic electric dipole based multifunctional radio frequency device is shown in fig. 2 (b).
The feed network structure comprises a gamma-shaped feeder 1 for loading a hook-shaped self-coupling line 2 and is arranged on a vertical substrate, the gamma-shaped feeder comprises two vertical branches and a horizontal branch, the two vertical branches are connected at two ends of the horizontal branch, the two vertical branches are different in length, one vertical branch is connected with a reflecting plate, the other vertical branch is suspended, and the hook-shaped branch is loaded on the vertical branch connected with the reflecting plate.
The hook-shaped self-coupling line 2 is composed of four sections of branches which are sequentially and vertically connected, the initial section branch is connected with the vertical branch, and the hook-shaped direction is upward in the embodiment. The hook-shaped self-coupling line not only can play a role in optimizing impedance matching in a dipole radiation passband, but also can generate a radiation zero point at the edge of a high-frequency passband, has a sharper roll-off rate and greatly inhibits out-of-band radiation of the antenna, and the radiation zero point generated by the hook-shaped self-coupling line can be controlled by changing the length of the hook-shaped self-coupling line so as to achieve the role of tuning the bandwidth of the filter.
In the higher frequency band of the dipole radiating passband, the feed network structure acts as two resonators, the magneto-electric dipole portion does not radiate but acts as a ground for the feed network, forming a second order bandpass filter whose center operating frequency is controlled by adjusting the Γ -shaped feed length.
The structure does not need to change additional parameters, and can realize the radiation function of the filter antenna and the circuit function of the independent filter by setting the connection mode of the two ports.
As shown in fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the vertical metal plate 3 and the horizontal metal plate 4 in the present embodiment generate a new radiation zero at 1.51GHz, and a sharp roll-off rate is obtained at the lower band edge; the hook-shaped self-coupling line 2 creates another radiation null at 2.61GHz and achieves a sharp roll-off rate at the edge of the upper frequency band.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, S is an embodiment of the present invention 11 -frequency, S 12 Frequency and actual gain curve-measurement and simulation result plot of frequency. It can be seen that the simulated and tested impedance bandwidths are substantially 1.42-1.82GHz and 2.8-2.98GHz, with relative bandwidths of 24.7% and 6.8%, respectively. It can be seen that the simulation result S 11 And test result S 11 Has good consistency. It can also be seen that the two ports of the simulation and test are more than 23dB apart with less interaction.
Referring to fig. 5, the average gain simulated in passband 1.42-1.82GHz is 8.5dBi, while the average gain measured is about 7.6dBi, the differences between the measurement results and the simulation results are mainly due to manufacturing tolerances and other measurement errors, but are not affected much; the out-of-band gain measured in the range of 0.6-1.25GHz and 2.15-3GHz is lower than the in-band gain by more than 13.5dB, thus effectively inhibiting out-of-band radiation; and two radiation zeros are generated at the edges of the passband, which is advantageous for achieving filtering performance.
Referring to fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b), which are graphs of measured and simulated radiation patterns exciting only one port at a center operating frequency of 1.7GHz in one embodiment of the invention, it can be seen that low cross-polarization levels of less than 23dB are obtained in both the E/H plane;
referring to FIGS. 7-8, an embodiment of the present invention is shown with S in two states, with or without self-coupling lines 11 -frequency and S 12 Frequency simulation results show that four resonant modes are excited at 1.4,1.6,2.8 and 3.0GHz frequencies, respectively, and S is excited at the first two resonant modes, 1.4 and 1.6GHz frequencies 12 Less than-15 dB, so that in this band the signal is radiated or reflected; there is a passband centered at 2.9GHz and having a low insertion loss of less than 0.8dB, whereby it is seen that the signal passes through both ports forming a second order bandpass filter.
When the dual-polarized antenna is used as a filtering antenna, a pair of magnetic dipoles adopts a novel feed network loaded with hook-shaped self-coupling lines, a radiation zero point can be generated outside a high frequency band of the antenna passband, in addition, an antenna array arm and a balun floor can form a resonance mode at a low frequency band part of the antenna passband, the radiation zero point is generated, and the band-pass filtering response effect of the dual-polarized antenna is realized through the two radiation zero points; when used as a filter, the magneto-electric dipole does not radiate in this state, but acts as a floor for the feed network, which then acts as two resonators, forming a second order bandpass filter. Therefore, the filter and the antenna channel can be independently controlled without additionally changing the circuit structure, and the dual-port multifunctional radio frequency device is realized.
The embodiments described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described above, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A multifunctional radio frequency device based on dual-polarized magneto-electric dipoles is characterized by comprising a dual-polarized symmetrical dipole radiation structure, a feed network structure and a reflecting plate;
the dual-polarized symmetrical array radiating structure comprises two mutually orthogonal substrates, wherein the two mutually orthogonal substrates are vertically arranged on a reflecting plate, three mutually orthogonal metal plates are arranged in each area formed by the two mutually orthogonal vertical substrates, two metal plates are vertically arranged on the reflecting plate, and the other metal plate is horizontally arranged above the two metal plates which are vertical to the reflecting plate;
the feed network structure is composed of a gamma-shaped feeder line loading hook-shaped self-coupling lines, and the gamma-shaped feeder line is arranged on a vertical substrate;
the T-shaped feeder line comprises two vertical branches perpendicular to the reflecting plate and a horizontal branch, the two vertical branches are connected to two ends of the horizontal branch, and the hook-shaped self-coupling line is loaded on the vertical branches;
in the high frequency band of the dipole radiation passband, the feed network structure acts as two resonators, and the magneto-electric dipole portion does not radiate but acts as a ground for the feed network structure, forming a second order bandpass filter.
2. The multi-function rf device of claim 1 wherein the horizontally disposed metal plates are square.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the two vertical branches have different lengths, and wherein one vertical branch is connected to the reflecting plate, and the connection is a feed port.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the hook-shaped self-coupling line is formed of four sequentially vertically connected limbs, the initial limb being perpendicular to one limb of the Γ -shaped feed line.
5. A multi-function rf device as set forth in claim 3, wherein the hook-shaped self-coupling line is loaded on a vertical stub connected to the reflecting plate.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the center frequency of the device is controlled by adjusting the length of the horizontal dendrites in the Γ shaped feed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910188785.2A CN109888478B (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2019-03-13 | Multifunctional radio frequency device based on dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910188785.2A CN109888478B (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2019-03-13 | Multifunctional radio frequency device based on dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109888478A CN109888478A (en) | 2019-06-14 |
| CN109888478B true CN109888478B (en) | 2024-01-23 |
Family
ID=66932044
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910188785.2A Active CN109888478B (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2019-03-13 | Multifunctional radio frequency device based on dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109888478B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110444870B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-01-03 | 华南理工大学 | Base station, broadband dual-polarization filtering magnetoelectric dipole antenna and radiation unit thereof |
| CN111224214B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-06-08 | 重庆品胜科技有限公司 | Miniature beam-controllable RFID reader antenna based on directional diagram reconstruction |
| CN111585027A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-25 | 广东工业大学 | Broadband low-profile filtering antenna based on parasitic patch |
| CN112072313A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-11 | 天津职业技术师范大学(中国职业培训指导教师进修中心) | Structure for realizing dual-frequency band of magnetoelectric dipole antenna |
| CN115588846B (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-07-18 | 华南理工大学 | Compact dual-polarized filtering magneto-electric dipole antenna and communication equipment |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5280297A (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1994-01-18 | General Electric Co. | Active reflectarray antenna for communication satellite frequency re-use |
| CN107210541A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2017-09-26 | 株式会社Kmw | Mobile base station antenna |
| CN108206327A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-26 | 罗森伯格技术（昆山）有限公司 | Base station antenna radiation unit and antenna for base station |
| CN209515992U (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-10-18 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of Multifunctional radio-frequency device based on dual polarization magnetoelectricity dipole |
-
2019
- 2019-03-13 CN CN201910188785.2A patent/CN109888478B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5280297A (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1994-01-18 | General Electric Co. | Active reflectarray antenna for communication satellite frequency re-use |
| CN107210541A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2017-09-26 | 株式会社Kmw | Mobile base station antenna |
| CN108206327A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-26 | 罗森伯格技术（昆山）有限公司 | Base station antenna radiation unit and antenna for base station |
| CN209515992U (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-10-18 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of Multifunctional radio-frequency device based on dual polarization magnetoelectricity dipole |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109888478A (en) | 2019-06-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US11296418B2 (en) | Low-profile dual-polarization filtering magneto-electric dipole antenna | |
| CN109888478B (en) | Multifunctional radio frequency device based on dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole | |
| US11296425B2 (en) | Dual-polarized duplex antenna and dual-band base station antenna array composed thereof | |
| CN108767476B (en) | Simple and compact filtering dielectric resonator antenna | |
| CN107425272B (en) | Filtering antenna array | |
| EP3780272B1 (en) | Antenna apparatus and terminal device | |
| CN114552210B (en) | Low-profile millimeter wave filtering antenna | |
| CN210430080U (en) | Broadband dual-polarization filtering base station antenna unit, base station antenna array and communication equipment | |
| CN210092341U (en) | Broadband dual-polarization filtering dipole antenna without additional circuit | |
| KR101829816B1 (en) | Tri-band Double-dipole quasi-Yagi antenna using Dual Co-directional SRRs | |
| CN112490657B (en) | Dual-beam broadband filter antenna with absorptive radiation zero point | |
| CN112332087B (en) | Differential feed circular polarization filtering antenna based on super surface structure | |
| Li et al. | Dual-polarized duplex base-station antenna with a duplexer-integrated balun | |
| CN114122698B (en) | Three frequency big dipper navigation antennas of admittance integration | |
| Ambati et al. | Parametric Analysis of the Defected Ground Structure-Based Hairpin Band Pass Filter for VSAT System on Chip Applications | |
| CN111628287A (en) | Broadband circularly polarized patch antenna | |
| CN107978854B (en) | Duplex filter antenna based on center short circuit T-shaped resonator | |
| Duan et al. | Compact differential-fed antenna with filtering response | |
| CN209515992U (en) | A kind of Multifunctional radio-frequency device based on dual polarization magnetoelectricity dipole | |
| Tang et al. | Differentially SIW TE 20-mode Fed substrate integrated filtering dielectric resonator antenna for 5G millimeter wave application | |
| CN113794043B (en) | Dual-frenquency dual polarization filtering basic station antenna | |
| Huang et al. | A Millimeter-Wave Antenna With Filtering Radiation Response Based on Absorptive Ring Feeding Circuit | |
| CN214176235U (en) | Dual-beam broadband filtering antenna with absorptive radiation zero point | |
| Aly et al. | A Ku-band filtering duplex antenna for satellite communications | |
| Sharma | High rejection triple band notched reconfigurable monopole superwideband antenna including applications for WWAN and Bluetooth wireless communication systems |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |