CN114976617B - Reflective array element, large-caliber broadband planar reflective array and design method - Google Patents
Reflective array element, large-caliber broadband planar reflective array and design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reflective array element, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal floor and a radiation patch, wherein the radiation patch is positioned on the front surface of the dielectric substrate and has a multi-resonance structure with a continuous curve outline, and the radiation patch achieves the purpose of phase compensation through the adjustment of the amplitude of the curve outline. The invention also discloses a large-caliber broadband planar reflective array and a design method. The invention reduces the spatial dispersion effect of the whole wide frequency band of the antenna, has excellent far-field radiation performance, can realize a larger-caliber planar reflection array antenna on the basis, overcomes the problems of poor adjustability of planar reflection array phase adjustment and lower caliber efficiency in the prior art, and can be applied to the fields of wireless energy transmission, radio astronomy, radar systems, satellite communication and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microstrip plane reflective array antennas, in particular to a reflective array element, a large-caliber broadband plane reflective array and a design method.
Background
In the fields of satellite communication, space exploration, radar detection and the like, in order to deal with the problems of long communication distance, relatively complex space environment and the like, the antenna needs to have sufficiently high gain and directivity. The reflective array antenna is a novel high-gain antenna, can realize specific beam pointing, has a simple structure, avoids the design of a complex feed network, and has a wide application prospect.
With the increasing demand for flexibility and mobility of communication systems, the disadvantages of heavy weight and large volume of the traditional parabolic antenna are increasingly manifested. With the rapid development of microstrip antennas and the requirements for low cost and high gain of microstrip antennas, the research on array reflection antennas taking microstrip units as the main form has received more and more attention, and has become an important component of ultra-large array plane applications.
The reflective array bandwidth is limited due to the dispersive nature of the resonant planar elements. For small and medium-sized planar reflective arrays, solutions to bandwidth limitation are common, such as using multiple resonant units, phase delay line units, and sub-wavelength units to improve linearity of phase-frequency characteristics of the units and reduce quantization phase errors of the units. However, it is known that as the aperture of the array antenna increases, the difference between the reflection phases at the same position and different frequencies increases, the bandwidth problem becomes more serious, and the overall bandwidth and aperture efficiency of the antenna will decrease; meanwhile, the large-aperture plane reflection array antenna is affected by various factors to cause narrow bandwidth and unstable frequency point. The above-mentioned common solutions for solving the bandwidth limitation cannot achieve the effect in the large-aperture planar reflective array antenna well, which undoubtedly restricts the application of the large-aperture planar reflective array antenna in practical engineering.
For this reason, the paper "analysis research on bandwidth directivity of large-aperture broadband reflective array antenna subarray" (author: miao Zhihua, CNKI: CDMD: 2.2010.128384) realizes phase control by extending the surface current path of the cell through the principle of fractal structure or meander line unit, and the structure of the meander line structure unit is shown in fig. 1. But fractal structures or meander elements are limited by the non-coherence of the fractal rules and patterns, resulting in poor tunability of modeling and phase adjustment. Under the situation, the invention provides the large-caliber broadband planar reflective array with higher caliber efficiency, which has practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a reflective array element, a large-caliber broadband planar reflective array and a design method, which are used for solving the problems of poor adjustability of phase adjustment and low caliber efficiency of the planar reflective array in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the reflective array element of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a metal floor, and a radiation patch located on the front surface of the dielectric substrate and having a multi-resonant structure with a continuous curve profile, wherein the radiation patch achieves the purpose of phase compensation by adjusting the amplitude of the profile curve.
Furthermore, the radiation patch comprises a hollow ring unit and a central unit, the central unit is embedded in the hollow part of the hollow ring unit, and the inner contour and the outer contour of the hollow ring unit are not intersected with the contour of the central unit and have consistent variation trend.
Further, the profile curve of the radiation patch is a circumferential cosine curve, and the mathematical expression of the profile curve is as follows:
x(t)＝(R+A·cos(wt))cos(t)·S
y(t)＝(R+A·cos(wt))sin(t)·S，
w is a fixed multiple, R is a fixed radius value, A is an amplitude coefficient, S is a proportionality coefficient, the amplitude coefficient A is used for reflection phase adjustment, and the proportionality coefficient S is used for adjusting the frequency-phase response characteristic of the adjustable slope.
Furthermore, the proportionality coefficient of the outer contour circumference cosine curve of the hollow ring unit of the radiation patch is larger than the proportionality coefficient of the inner contour circumference cosine curve and is a fixed value, and the proportionality coefficient of the contour circumference cosine curve of the central unit is an adjustable variable smaller than the proportionality coefficient of the contour circumference cosine curve of the hollow ring unit.
Further, the dielectric substrate and the metal floor are opposite to each other and are square F4B plates with the side length p =16mm and the thickness d =2mm, an air layer with the thickness h =7mm is arranged between the dielectric substrate and the metal floor at an interval, in an expression of a contour circumference cosine curve of the radiation patch, w is a fixed value of 16, R is a fixed value of 5mm, a proportionality coefficient of an outer contour circumference cosine curve of the hollow ring unit is 1, and a proportionality coefficient of an inner contour circumference cosine curve of the hollow ring unit is 0.8.
The invention also provides a large-aperture broadband planar reflective array, which adopts the reflective array elements to carry out array arrangement, the reflective array element at each array position achieves the phase compensation of the spatial delay through the adjustment of the amplitude of the profile curve, and achieves the spatial dispersion compensation at the position through the adjustment of the frequency-phase response characteristic of the adjustable slope of the profile curve.
Furthermore, the reflective array is a bias feed array of 60 × 60 elements, the length of the side of the front surface is 960mm, the focal length is 1248mm, the corresponding Jiao Jingbi is 1.3, the length of the side of the reflective array element and the interval between the elements are both p =16mm, and w in the mathematical expression of the circumference cosine curve of the reflective array element is a fixed value of 16 to realize the double linear polarization and the double circular polarization of the array.
The invention also provides a design method for the large-caliber broadband planar reflective array, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Selecting a corresponding transmission phase phi from the database RA The elements are distributed on corresponding positions of the array to form a planar reflection array.
Furthermore, the method also comprises a step 5 of setting a phase error range [ - φ e, + φ e ] when the elements corresponding to each array position are searched in the database, and taking the slope optimal value in the phase error range as a priority condition when the elements are selected.
Further, the method also comprises a step 6 of analyzing the radiation performance of the reflection array by using full-wave electromagnetic simulation, if the phase error and the slope error fail to reach the balance requirement, changing the standard value phi e of the phase error, and repeating the step 5 until the balance requirement is reached.
The invention has the following characteristics in the similar plane reflection array antenna:
1. the circular cosine curve radiation unit is adopted for the first time, the radiation units at different positions of the planar reflective array are subjected to spatial dispersion compensation by utilizing the frequency-phase response characteristic of an adjustable slope, a wider working frequency band is realized, and meanwhile, the unit meets the 45-degree rotational symmetry, so that the planar reflective array antenna is suitable for dual linear polarization and dual circular polarization.
2. The radius of the circumferential cosine curve of the radiation unit is fixed, the phase adjustment is realized by changing the amplitude of the cosine curve, and the unit keeps the fixed size as much as possible, so that the infinite array analysis can provide more accurate results.
The invention reduces the spatial dispersion effect of the whole wide frequency band of the antenna, has excellent far-field radiation performance, can realize a larger-caliber planar reflective array antenna on the basis, and overcomes the influence of frequency deviation caused by factors such as materials, processing, assembly and the like on the large-caliber planar reflective array antenna. The method can be applied to the fields of wireless energy transmission, radio astronomy, radar systems, satellite communication and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-aperture broadband reflective array antenna sub-array in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a structural exploded view of a reflective array element radiating patch of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the shape evolution of the hollow ring unit and the central unit under the parameter adjustment of the radiation patch of the reflective array element of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the shape evolution of the central unit of the radiation patch of the reflective array element under the parameter adjustment.
Fig. 5 is a graph of frequency-phase response of a reflective array element of the present invention under different combinations of parameters.
Fig. 6 is a reflection coefficient graph of a reflective array element of the present invention under different parameter combinations.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a front side and a cross-section of a reflective array element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a diagram of the phase shift required for elements of a planar reflective array at different positions of the planar reflective array according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an experimental schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for a planar reflective array antenna.
Fig. 10 is a diagram of the actual phase distribution of the reflective array element of fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is an E-plane pattern of the planar reflective array antenna of fig. 9 operating at 5.8 GHz.
Fig. 12 is an H-plane pattern of the planar reflective array antenna of fig. 9 operating at 5.8 GHz.
Fig. 13 is a graph of gain and aperture efficiency for the planar reflective array antenna of fig. 9 operating at different frequencies.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments disclosed in the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments disclosed in the present application, and it is obvious that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments disclosed in the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of the protection of the present disclosure.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a reflective array element, which comprises a dielectric substrate 1 and a metal floor 2, and is characterized in that a radiation patch 3 positioned on the front surface of the dielectric substrate 1 is designed into a multi-resonance structure with a coherent curve outline, and the radiation patch 3 achieves the purpose of phase compensation through the adjustment of the amplitude of the contour curve. The contour curve of the radiation patch 3 in the invention is obtained by Boolean operation, is different from discontinuous unit curve of a winding line in figure 1, the curve course of the contour curve is periodically changed and is changed according to a certain functional relation, so that the modeling and the analysis are convenient, and the phase control is realized by prolonging the surface current path of an element. The multi-resonance structure is beneficial to improving the smoothness of the phase shift characteristic and has continuity and adjustability.
In a preferred element structure, the radiation patch 3 includes a hollow ring unit 31 and a central unit 32, the central unit 32 is embedded in the hollow part of the hollow ring unit 31, and the inner and outer contours of the hollow ring unit 31 are non-intersecting with the contour of the central unit 32 and have a consistent variation trend. The curve amplitude of the hollow ring unit 31 corresponds to the reflection phase adjustment, and the gap adjustment between the hollow ring unit 31 and the central unit 32 corresponds to the frequency-phase response characteristic of the adjustable slope, so that the phase adjustment and the spatial dispersion compensation are realized, and the wide working frequency band is realized. Since the outer hollow unit and the inner solid unit are independent of each other, which is advantageous for simplifying the design, the split structure of the radiation patch 3 is shown in fig. 2.
As a preferred embodiment, the outline curve of the radiation patch 3 is a circular cosine curve, and the mathematical expression thereof is:
w is a fixed multiple, R is a fixed radius value, A is an amplitude coefficient, S is a proportionality coefficient, the amplitude coefficient A is used for reflection phase adjustment, and the proportionality coefficient S is used for frequency-phase response characteristic adjustment of an adjustable slope. The shape evolution diagrams of the hollow ring unit 31 and the central unit 32 under the evolution of the amplitude coefficient A are shown in FIG. 3, and the shape evolution diagram of the central unit 32 under the evolution of the scale coefficient S is shown in FIG. 4
When the amplitude coefficient A is increased, the surface current path of the element can be prolonged to realize phase shift and miniaturization of the reflective array unit; when the scaling factor S is increased, the resonance frequency is more concentrated, which results in an increase in the absolute value of the slope of the frequency-phase response characteristic. By drawing a curve chart shown in fig. 5 for the frequency-phase response of the reflective array element of the embodiment in different parameter combinations, it can be seen from the graph that the contour circumference cosine curve of the element has good linearity of phase-frequency characteristics and adjustable slope under the adjustment of the amplitude coefficient a and the proportionality coefficient S. And the reflection coefficient curves under different combinations of parameters are shown in fig. 6, from which it can be seen that the proposed cell loss is very small for the range of 3-9 GHz.
In the embodiment, the patch unit with a circular cosine curve structure is adopted, and spatial dispersion compensation is performed on patches at different positions of the planar reflective array by using the frequency-phase response characteristic of an adjustable slope, so that a wider working frequency band is realized. And the radius of the circumference is fixed, phase adjustment is realized by changing the amplitude of a cosine curve, the size of the patch is kept as fixed as possible, and a more accurate result can be provided for infinite array analysis. When the value of w is 16, the patch unit has 45-degree rotational symmetry, so that the planar reflective array antenna formed by the patch unit is suitable for double linear polarization and double circular polarization simultaneously, and the application range of the planar reflective array can be expanded.
The proportionality coefficient of the outer contour circumference cosine curve of the hollow ring unit 31 of the radiation patch 3 is larger than the proportionality coefficient of the inner contour circumference cosine curve and is a fixed value, and the proportionality coefficient of the contour circumference cosine curve of the central unit 32 is an adjustable variable smaller than the proportionality coefficient of the contour circumference cosine curve of the hollow ring unit 31.
In a specific embodiment, the dielectric substrate 1 and the metal floor 2 are opposite to each other and are square F4B plates with side length p =16mm, and the dielectric constant epsilon of the dielectric substrate 1 r =2.55, tan δ =0.002 thickness d =2mm, and an air layer with thickness h =7mm is provided between the dielectric substrate 1 and the metal floor 2, as shown in fig. 7. In order to keep the fixed contour of the element and simplify the design, in the contour circumference cosine curve expression of the radiation patch 3, w is a fixed value of 16, R is a fixed value of 5mm, the proportionality coefficient of the outer contour circumference cosine curve of the hollow ring unit 31 is 1, and the inner contour circumference cosine curve of the hollow ring unit 31Has a scaling factor of 0.8, the central unit 32 scaling factor being a variable by which the size of the internal unit can be adjusted.
The core problem of the array reflection antenna is how to design each unit structure to realize specific phase shift for incident wave, so that the whole reflected wave has the same phase in the required direction, and is emitted in the form of pencil beam.
The invention provides a large-aperture broadband planar reflective array, which adopts the reflective array elements described in any of the above embodiments to perform array arrangement, wherein the reflective array elements at each array position achieve the phase of compensating spatial delay through the adjustment of the amplitude of a profile curve, and achieve the spatial dispersion compensation at the position through the adjustment of the frequency-phase response characteristic of the adjustable slope of the profile curve. When the planar reflection array antenna is formed with a feed source horn, spherical waves emitted by the feed source horn are converted into planar waves through the planar reflection array so as to realize high-gain directional wave beams; especially, the radiating elements with unique circumferential cosine curve characteristics are distributed in an array, the radiating elements can realize 360-degree reflection phase control and frequency-phase response characteristics of adjustable slopes, and meanwhile, the w value can meet 45-degree rotational symmetry, so that the radiating elements are suitable for dual polarization work.
The required reflection phase of each element of the planar reflective array is intended to compensate for the spatial phase delay from the feed horn to that element, which is proportional to the distance from the feed phase center to each element. For pointing in a certain spherical direction (theta) 0 ,φ 0 ) The transmission phase of the ith element phi RA Can be calculated by
Wherein phi 0 For reference constants, it is shown that the planar reflective array design requires relative reflection phase rather than absolute reflection phase by choosing different reference phases φ for different frequencies 0 (f) The phase shift required for the elements at different positions of the planar reflective array as shown in fig. 8 can be obtained. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the plane reflection at small apertureThe different frequency phase shift curves of the array can be approximately considered linear, but as the aperture increases, phase compensation is required.
The reflective array of the invention can be designed with better effect according to the following steps because of different element compensation at different positions. The design method of the invention comprises the following steps:
Selecting a corresponding transmission phase phi from a database RA The elements are distributed on corresponding positions of the array to form a planar reflection array.
In step 3, the spacing between the reflective array elements should be in sub-wavelength(s) ((<Lambda/2) to avoid grating lobes and to improve radiation efficiency. The re-frequency-phase response curve of the reflective array element is approximate to a straight line, | k, in a wide frequency band (5-7 GHz) FP The | value is the slope of the line, plus the absolute sign for convenient calculation.
Considering the ideal required reflective array element and the actual situation that slight difference exists in the database, the method adds step 5: when the elements corresponding to each array position are searched in the database, a phase error range [ - φ e, + φ e ] is set, and when the elements are selected, the optimal value of the slope in the phase error range is used as a priority condition.
To obtain the most satisfactory array, the method adds step 6: and (4) analyzing the radiation performance of the reflection array by using full-wave electromagnetic simulation, if the phase error and the slope error cannot meet the balance requirement, changing a phase error standard value phi e, and repeating the step 5 until the balance requirement is met.
The planar reflection array antenna is formed by one embodiment to carry out test verification, the reflection array is a 60 multiplied by 60 element array, in order to avoid shielding of the feed source and simplify the alignment process, the feed source is set to be offset feed, the incidence angle of the offset reflection array is set to be 10 degrees, and the reflection wave beam is set to be emitted in the normal direction. The side length of the array surface is 960mm, the focal length is 1248mm, the corresponding Jiao Jingbi is 1.3, the specific parameter values are determined by the irradiation efficiency of the feed source, the central frequency of the planar reflection array is 5.8GHz, and the requirement that the irradiation level of the edge of the transmission array is approximately equal to-10 dB is met. The length of the side of the reflective array element and the interval between the elements are both p =16mm, the element interval p =16mm (0.3 lambda), the dielectric substrate is made of F4B material, and the dielectric constant epsilon r =2.55, tan δ =0.002 thickness d =2mm, air layer thickness h =7mm, and r is fixed to 5mm.
Experiments were carried out according to fig. 9, in which the phase distribution diagram of the reflective array elements in the array is shown in fig. 10, and when the planar reflective array antenna is operated at 5.8GHz, the pattern of the antenna on the E plane is shown in fig. 11, and the pattern on the H plane is shown in fig. 12. As can be seen, the planar reflective array realizes pencil-shaped beams in the normal direction, the maximum directivity coefficient is 33.44dB, the half-power beam angle is less than 3 degrees, and the side lobe level is < -18dB.
And testing at different frequencies to obtain a gain and caliber efficiency curve chart as shown in fig. 13, wherein the peak gain and caliber efficiency are respectively 33.4dB and 51%, the range of 1-dB gain bandwidth is from 5.42GHz to 6.57GHz, and the relative gain bandwidth is 20%. The invention is proved to be capable of keeping good aperture efficiency and bandwidth performance when the aperture of the reflective array is improved.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and specific examples are applied herein to explain the principles and embodiments of the present invention, and the descriptions of the embodiments above are only used to help understanding the principles of the embodiments of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific implementation manners and application ranges, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A reflective array element comprises a dielectric substrate and a metal floor, and is characterized in that: the radiation patch is positioned on the front surface of the medium substrate and is provided with a multi-resonance structure with a continuous curve outline, and the radiation patch achieves the purpose of phase compensation through the adjustment of the amplitude of the contour curve;
the radiation patch comprises a hollow ring unit and a central unit, the central unit is embedded in the central hollow part of the hollow ring unit, and the inner contour and the outer contour of the hollow ring unit are not intersected with the contour of the central unit and have consistent variation trend;
the outline curve of the radiation patch is a circumferential cosine curve, and the mathematical expression of the outline curve is as follows:
x(t)＝(R+A·cos(wt))cos(t)·S
y(t)＝(R+A·cos(wt))sin(t)·S，
w is a fixed multiple, R is a fixed radius value, A is an amplitude coefficient, S is a proportionality coefficient, the amplitude coefficient A is used for reflection phase adjustment, and the proportionality coefficient S is used for adjusting the frequency-phase response characteristic of the adjustable slope.
2. A reflective array element according to claim 1, wherein: the proportionality coefficient of the outer contour circumference cosine curve of the radiation patch hollow ring unit is larger than the proportionality coefficient of the inner contour circumference cosine curve and is a fixed value, and the proportionality coefficient of the contour circumference cosine curve of the central unit is an adjustable variable smaller than the proportionality coefficient of the contour circumference cosine curve of the hollow ring unit.
3. A reflective array element according to claim 2, wherein: the medium substrate and the metal floor are opposite to each other and are square F4B plates with the side length p =16mm and the thickness d =2mm, air layers with the thickness h =7mm are arranged between the medium substrate and the metal floor at intervals, in an outline circumference cosine curve expression of the radiation patch, a fixed value of w is 16, a fixed value of R is 5mm, a proportionality coefficient of an outline circumference cosine curve of the hollow ring unit is 1, and a proportionality coefficient of an inner outline circumference cosine curve of the hollow ring unit is 0.8.
4. A large-caliber broadband planar reflection array is characterized in that: the reflective array element according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used for array arrangement, the reflective array element at each array position is adjusted by the amplitude of the profile curve to compensate the phase of the spatial delay, and is adjusted by the frequency-phase response characteristic of the adjustable slope of the profile curve to compensate the spatial dispersion at the position.
5. The large aperture broadband planar reflective array of claim 4, wherein: the reflection array is a bias feed array of 60 multiplied by 60 elements, the length of the side of a front surface is 960mm, the focal length is 1248mm, the length of the corresponding Jiao Jingbi is 1.3, the length of the side of each reflection array element and the interval between elements are both p =16mm, and w in a mathematical expression of a circumference cosine curve of each reflection array element is a fixed value of 16 so as to realize double-linear polarization and double-circular polarization of the array.
6. A design method for the large-aperture broadband planar reflective array according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the central frequency and structural parameters of a reflective array, including the size, the focal ratio and the incident angle of a feed source;
step 2, determining parameters of the medium substrate and the thickness of the air layer, and scanning and optimizing the thickness of the air layer through the parameters to balance the slope linearity and the phase sensitivity of a frequency-phase response curve;
step 3, determining the spacing between the elements, simulating the amplitude and phase response of the reflective array elements and calculating the inclination of a frequency-phase response curveRate | k FP Carrying out multi-parameter optimization on the circumferential cosine curve of the element to establish a database of the reflective array element;
step 4, selecting | k in database at array position closest to feed source FP The element with the smallest value is set as the reference phase phi 0 Will refer to the phase phi 0 The transmission phase phi of the ith element is obtained by substituting the following equation RA ，
Selecting a corresponding transmission phase phi from the database RA The elements are distributed on corresponding positions of the array to form a planar reflection array.
7. The method for designing a large-aperture broadband planar reflective array according to claim 6, further comprising:
and 5, when the elements corresponding to each array position are searched in the database, setting a phase error range [ - φ e, + φ e ], and taking an optimal slope value in the phase error range as a priority condition when the elements are selected.
8. The method for designing a large-aperture broadband planar reflective array according to claim 7, further comprising:
and 6, analyzing the radiation performance of the reflection array by using full-wave electromagnetic simulation, changing a phase error standard value phi e if the phase error and the slope error fail to meet the balance requirement, and repeating the step 5 until the balance requirement is met.
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