CN114976398A - Battery shell made of partitioned gradient composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Battery shell made of partitioned gradient composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114976398A
CN114976398A CN202210658451.9A CN202210658451A CN114976398A CN 114976398 A CN114976398 A CN 114976398A CN 202210658451 A CN202210658451 A CN 202210658451A CN 114976398 A CN114976398 A CN 114976398A
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powder
material layer
heat dissipation
transition
putting
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李凤仙
肖秋硕
朱青
刘江龙
刘意春
易健宏
陶静梅
方东
李才巨
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/126—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • H01M50/128—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers with two or more layers of only inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H01M50/143—Fireproof; Explosion-proof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery shell made of a partitioned gradient composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of battery application. The battery shell comprises a hardness region material layer, a transition region material layer and a heat dissipation region material layer from outside to inside, wherein the transition region material layer is used as a core layer of the battery box body and is in a multi-honeycomb shape; the transition area material layer is arranged between the hardness area material layer and the heat dissipation area material layer. The hardness area material layer, the transition area material layer and the heat dissipation area material layer are printed into a whole through gradient 3 d. The battery shell has the gradient performance from high-strength impact resistance transition to corrosion resistance and easy heat conduction, the honeycomb-shaped transition area greatly improves the heat conduction performance and plays a role in buffering impact force, the mechanical performance which can not be achieved by the common battery shell of the electric automobile can be achieved, the battery shell is more resistant to heavy load impact, the service life is prolonged under certain conditions, and the safety is also ensured.

Description

Partitioned gradient composite material battery shell and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a battery shell made of a partitioned gradient composite material, and belongs to the technical field of battery application.
Background
The new energy automobile drives green development, the mileage of electric automobiles is widely concerned, and people have no doubt need the safe, light and cost-effective electric automobiles in order to relieve mileage anxiety. In order for an electric vehicle to achieve this goal in the marketplace, its components must also possess these traits. If the battery case can be made of lighter materials and the safety and functionality are greatly improved due to the special structure and material characteristics, it is clearly an intelligent choice for designers and material screeners of original equipment manufacturers and system suppliers, so that the preparation and configuration design of the partitioned gradient composite battery case is very urgent.
When the battery of the electric automobile is subjected to abnormal conditions such as overcharge, short circuit and abuse, overheating can occur in the battery, and the battery shell can be combusted, so that extreme conditions such as spontaneous combustion and explosion of the vehicle can be caused. When the battery shell is subjected to strong impact force from the outside, the battery core inside can be rapidly deformed or the temperature can be rapidly raised, the battery box body is easily softened and deformed in a high-temperature environment, finally, the battery box body can be cracked, combusted and exploded, and harmful gas generated by combustion can greatly damage the human body. In the technique that exists at present, mostly use fire-proof material in electric automobile battery case intermediate layer department or at the inside coating fire prevention coating of battery case in order to realize simple fire prevention function, when receiving external force and assaulting, simple firebreak device plays the effect minimum, drops easily moreover, and it is very little finally to reach the effect that reduces the burning. The above several ways not only increase the weight and cost of the battery case, but also fail to improve the strength of the battery case.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery shell made of a partitioned gradient composite material, which has the characteristics of high strength, impact resistance and good heat conductivity, and comprises a hardness zone material layer, a transition zone material layer and a heat dissipation zone material layer from outside to inside, wherein the transition zone material layer is used as a core layer of a battery box body and is in a shape of a multi-honeycomb;
the transition area material layer is arranged between the hardness area material layer and the heat dissipation area material layer.
Preferably, the thickness ratio of the hardness area material layer, the middle honeycomb material layer and the heat dissipation area material layer is 1:2: 1.
Preferably, the hardness region material layer, the transition region material layer and the heat dissipation region material layer are printed into a whole through gradient 3 d.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the partitioned gradient composite material battery shell, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional model of the battery shell by using modeling software, converting modeling into two-dimensional slices identified by a printer, selecting different areas to print for 3d, and configuring the areas with different metal powder contents;
(2) the hardness zone material layer is Al-Zn-Mg alloy, and specifically comprises the following components: putting Al powder into a first powder spraying box, putting Zn powder into a second powder spraying box, and putting Mg powder into a third powder spraying box; selecting corresponding outer shell selection areas to print the hardness area material layer;
(3) the transition zone material layer is Al-Fe-Si alloy, and specifically comprises the following components: putting Al powder into a first powder spraying box, and putting Si powder into a second powder spraying box for fully stirring; putting the Fe powder into a third powder spraying box; selecting a corresponding honeycomb-shaped transition area to print the material layer of the transition area;
(4) the heat dissipation area material layer is Al-Si-Mg alloy, and specifically comprises the following components: putting Al powder into a powder spraying box; putting Fe powder into a second powder spraying box and fully stirring; putting the Mg powder into a third powder spraying box; and selecting the corresponding selected area to print the material layer of the heat dissipation area.
Preferably, in the step (2) of the present invention, the mass percentages of the element powders in the Al-Zn-Mg alloy are: 1.4 to 9 percent of Mg powder; 4.5 to 12 percent of Zn powder; the balance being Al powder.
Preferably, in the step (3) of the present invention, the mass percentages of the element powders in the Al-Fe-Si alloy are: 1-2% of Si powder; 1-2% of Fe powder; the balance being Al powder.
Preferably, in the step (4) of the present invention, the mass percentages of the element powders in the Al-Si-Mg alloy are: 1-2% of Fe powder; 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Mg powder; the balance being Al powder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method, the hardness area material layer, the transition area material layer and the heat dissipation area material layer are formed into an integral structure through gradient 3d printing forming, the middle honeycomb layer plays a role in buffering impact force, and the problem that a fireproof isolation layer is broken or a surface coating falls off due to external force impact is avoided; the formed battery shell has the characteristics of high strength, high heat conduction speed, impact resistance and light weight, and the safety and reliability of the battery shell are improved; has mechanical performance which can not be achieved by the common battery shell, and leads the service life of the battery shell to obtain qualitative leap under certain conditions.
(2) The raw materials needed by the invention are low in price and wide in source, and the materials with different shapes and different gradients can be printed according to requirements at the later stage. The three-dimensional printing machine has the advantages that required equipment is simple, the equipment is easy to operate, the three-dimensional modeling is simple to prepare, the processing process is safe, multiple powder real-time uniform mixtures are selected for use in the preparation process, tedious, high-cost and insufficient-precision worker operation can be replaced, advanced three-dimensional printing is realized, different powder feeding rates are accurately controlled in the preparation process, and uniform melting is carried out in the high-temperature state of laser.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a gradient composite cell casing according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a zoned gradient composite battery case transition layer according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following figures and examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
The 3d printing system consists of a laser, a six-axis control center, a multi-path powder feeding device, an inert gas protection box and a multi-axis powder feeding head, wherein a bottom plate material is made of 45 steel, and a ruler is 50mm x 10 mm; the powder feeding amount is continuously adjustable and ranges from 0 g/min to 40 g/min, the maximum powder feeding amount is 40 g/min, and the application range of the additive powder particle size is 60 mu m to 150 mu m; the output power range of the laser is 50-3000W; the change range of the diameter of the facula is phi 1-phi 2.5 mm and can be changed; the focal length of the focusing mirror is about 119 mm.
Example 1
The gradient component gear is sequentially divided into three working areas, namely a hardness area material layer, a transition area material layer and a heat dissipation area material layer from outside to inside; the thickness ratio of the hardness area material layer to the transition area material layer to the heat dissipation area material layer is 1:2: 1; and establishing a three-dimensional model of the gear by using modeling software, converting the modeling into a two-dimensional slice recognized by a printer, selecting different areas to print for 3d, and configuring the areas with different metal powder contents.
Hardness zone material layer: the Al-Zn-Mg alloy element powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9% of Mg powder; 8% of Zn powder; the balance being Al powder.
Transition zone material layer: the Al-Fe-Si alloy element powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.5 percent of Si powder; 1% of Fe powder; the balance of Al powder.
A heat dissipation area material layer: the Al-Si-Mg alloy element powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of Fe powder; 0.1 percent of Mg powder; the balance being Al powder.
Configuring printer parameters: diameter of powder bundle in 30 mm after outlet: phi 1-phi 5 mm; the powder feeding amount is continuously adjustable, the range is 0-40 g/min, the maximum powder feeding amount is 40 g/min, and the application range of the powder granularity is 60-150 mu m; the output power range of the laser is 50-3000W; the change range of the diameter of the light spot is phi 1-phi 2.5 mm and can be changed; the focal length of the focusing mirror is about 119 mm; the upper computer synchronously transmits the scanning path data to the robot on line, and the robot executes the transmission path data on line in real time; and protecting the environment in a protective atmosphere, strictly controlling the precision error of the powder spreading device to uniformly spray powder in the forming box according to the process requirement, strictly controlling the laser temperature to perform selective printing, completing the printing of one selected area and then the next selected area, and thus performing the printing of three selected areas to complete the printing of the gradient battery shell of the whole selected area.
And (3) post-treatment: feeding the printed battery case into a vacuum degree of 10 -2 ～10 -4 Pa into a heat treatment chamberPerforming heat treatment, keeping the temperature at 880 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2.5 h. Cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and carrying out sand blasting and polishing on the gradient gear subjected to heat treatment according to the process requirements to the required precision.
Example 2
The gradient component gear is sequentially divided into three working areas, namely a hardness area material layer, a transition area material layer and a heat dissipation area material layer from outside to inside; the thickness ratio of the hardness area material layer to the transition area material layer to the heat dissipation area material layer is 1:2: 1; and establishing a three-dimensional model of the gear by using modeling software, converting the modeling into a two-dimensional slice recognized by a printer, selecting different areas to print for 3d, and configuring the areas with different metal powder contents.
Hardness zone material layer: the Al-Zn-Mg alloy element powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.4 percent of Mg powder; 12% of Zn powder; the balance being Al powder.
Transition zone material layer: the Al-Fe-Si alloy element powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of Si powder; 1.5 percent of Fe powder; the balance is A l powder.
A heat dissipation area material layer: the Al-Si-Mg alloy element powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.5 percent of Fe powder; 0.15 percent of Mg powder; the balance being Al powder.
Configuring printer parameters: diameter of powder bundle 30 mm after outlet: phi 1-phi 5 mm; the powder feeding amount is continuously adjustable, the range is 0-40 g/min, the maximum powder feeding amount is 40 g/min, and the application range of the powder particle size is 60-150 mu m; the output power range of the laser is 50-3000W; the change range of the diameter of the facula is phi 1-phi 2.5 mm and can be changed; the focal length of the focusing mirror is about 119 mm; the upper computer synchronously transmits the scanning path data to the robot on line, and the robot executes the transmission path data on line in real time; and protecting the environment in a protective atmosphere, strictly controlling the precision error of the powder spreading device to uniformly spray powder in the forming box according to the process requirement, strictly controlling the laser temperature to perform selective printing, completing the printing of one selective area and then the next selective area, and thus performing the printing of three selective areas to complete the printing of the gradient battery shell of the whole selective area.
And (3) post-treatment: feeding the printed battery case into a vacuum degree of 10 -2 ～10 -4 And (4) carrying out heat treatment in a heat treatment chamber with Pa, keeping the temperature at 880 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 2.5 h. Cooling to room temperature with the furnace, and performing heat treatmentThe gradient gear is subjected to sand blasting polishing to the required precision according to the process requirement.
Example 3
The gradient component gear is sequentially divided into three working areas, namely a hardness area material layer, a transition area material layer and a heat dissipation area material layer from outside to inside; the thickness ratio of the hardness area material layer to the transition area material layer to the heat dissipation area material layer is 1:2: 1; and establishing a three-dimensional model of the gear by using modeling software, converting the modeling into a two-dimensional slice recognized by a printer, selecting different areas to print for 3d, and configuring the areas with different metal powder contents.
Hardness zone material layer: the Al-Zn-Mg alloy element powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of Mg powder; 4.5 percent of Zn powder; the balance being Al powder.
Transition zone material layer: the Al-Fe-Si alloy element powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1% of Si powder; 2% of Fe powder; the balance is A l powder.
A heat dissipation area material layer: the Al-Si-Mg alloy element powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1% of Fe powder; 0.2 percent of Mg powder; the balance being Al powder.
Configuring printer parameters: diameter of powder bundle 30 mm after outlet: phi 1-phi 5 mm; the powder feeding amount is continuously adjustable, the range is 0-40 g/min, the maximum powder feeding amount is 40 g/min, and the application range of the powder granularity is 60-150 mu m; the output power range of the laser is 50-3000W; the change range of the diameter of the light spot is phi 1-phi 2.5 mm and can be changed; the focal length of the focusing mirror is about 119 mm; the upper computer synchronously transmits the scanning path data to the robot on line, and the robot executes the transmission path data on line in real time; and protecting the environment in a protective atmosphere, strictly controlling the precision error of the powder spreading device to uniformly spray powder in the forming box according to the process requirement, strictly controlling the laser temperature to perform selective printing, completing the printing of one selective area and then the next selective area, and thus performing the printing of three selective areas to complete the printing of the gradient battery shell of the whole selective area.
And (3) post-treatment: feeding the printed battery case into a vacuum degree of 10 -2 ～10 -4 And (4) carrying out heat treatment in a heat treatment chamber with Pa, keeping the temperature at 880 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 2.5 h. Cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and carrying out sand blasting and polishing on the gradient gear subjected to heat treatment according to the process requirements to the required precision.
The results of examples 1 to 3 were analyzed as follows:
at present, the servicing quality of a plurality of long-endurance pure electric new energy automobiles reaches more than 2000kg, which is far more than the weight of a plurality of traditional fuel oil automobiles, and most of the weight of the battery packs, such as Tesla model3 long-endurance battery packs, reaches 480kg, and accounts for more than 30% of the servicing quality; the aluminum-based lightweight battery case of the present invention will reduce the mass by at least 20%; at present, battery shells of electric vehicles on the market are all made of common steel Q345, the yield limit is 345MPa, and the strength limit is 490-675 MPa. The battery pack can crack and fall in the collision process, so that secondary damage is caused; the cellular middle layer of the product can greatly reduce the impact force, the impact force is expected to be reduced by 15%, and finally the impact force on the battery core is only 416.5-573.75 MPa.
The design life of the common electric automobile battery is 27 months, most household vehicles are quite economical, and the batteries of new vehicles are used for 3-4 years, the gradient composite material is adopted, the middle layer is of a honeycomb structure, the service life of the battery core part is greatly prolonged, and the service life can be prolonged by 10%; it can be known from the literature that, for the cell case without honeycomb sandwich, the peak value of the collision force is 232.8kN, while the peak value of the collision force with honeycomb sandwich is 232.8kN, so that the percentage of the peak value of the collision force is 9.5%, when the cell case is impacted, the borne impact force is greatly increased, the damage to the cell core is greatly reduced, and the service life of the cell case is also greatly prolonged.

Claims (7)

1. A zoned gradient composite battery case, comprising: the battery shell comprises a hardness region material layer, a transition region material layer and a heat dissipation region material layer from outside to inside, wherein the transition region material layer is used as a core layer of the battery box body and is in a multi-honeycomb shape;
the transition area material layer is arranged between the hardness area material layer and the heat dissipation area material layer.
2. The zoned gradient composite battery case of claim 1, wherein: the thickness ratio of the hardness area material layer to the middle honeycomb material layer to the heat dissipation area material layer is 1:2: 1.
3. The method for preparing a zoned gradient composite battery shell as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hardness area material layer, the transition area material layer and the heat dissipation area material layer are printed into a whole through gradient 3 d.
4. The method for preparing the zoned gradient composite battery shell according to claim 3, specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional model of the battery shell by using modeling software, converting modeling into two-dimensional slices identified by a printer, selecting different areas to print for 3d, and configuring the areas with different metal powder contents;
(2) the hardness zone material layer is Al-Zn-Mg alloy, and specifically comprises the following components: putting Al powder into a first powder spraying box, putting Zn powder into a second powder spraying box, and putting Mg powder into a third powder spraying box; selecting corresponding outer shell selection areas to print the hardness area material layer;
(3) the transition zone material layer is Al-Fe-Si alloy, and specifically comprises the following components: putting Al powder into a first powder spraying box, and putting Si powder into a second powder spraying box for fully stirring; putting the Fe powder into a third powder spraying box; selecting a corresponding honeycomb-shaped transition area to print the material layer of the transition area;
(4) the heat dissipation area material layer is Al-Si-Mg alloy, and specifically comprises the following components: putting Al powder into a powder spraying box; putting Fe powder into a second powder spraying box and fully stirring; putting the Mg powder into a third powder spraying box; and selecting the corresponding selected area to print the material layer of the heat dissipation area.
5. The method of manufacturing a zoned gradient composite battery case according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (2), the mass percent of the element powder in the Al-Zn-Mg alloy is as follows: 1.4 to 9 percent of Mg powder; 4.5 to 12 percent of Zn powder; the balance being Al powder.
6. The method of manufacturing a zoned gradient composite battery case according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (3), the mass percent of the element powder in the Al-Fe-Si alloy is as follows: 1-2% of Si powder; 1-2% of Fe powder; the balance being Al powder.
7. The method of manufacturing a zoned gradient composite battery case according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (4), the mass percent of the element powder in the Al-Si-Mg alloy is as follows: 1-2% of Fe powder; 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Mg powder; the balance being Al powder.
CN202210658451.9A 2022-06-12 2022-06-12 Battery shell made of partitioned gradient composite material and preparation method thereof Pending CN114976398A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000119782A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-25 Kobe Steel Ltd Aluminum alloy sheet and its manufacture
CN205752266U (en) * 2016-05-13 2016-11-30 李志行 A kind of security protection power module
CN108832054A (en) * 2018-08-04 2018-11-16 丹阳科美汽车部件有限公司 A kind of Varying-thickness cellular car battery pack shell structure
CN209200087U (en) * 2018-12-06 2019-08-02 河北银隆新能源有限公司 Battery case and battery

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000119782A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-25 Kobe Steel Ltd Aluminum alloy sheet and its manufacture
CN205752266U (en) * 2016-05-13 2016-11-30 李志行 A kind of security protection power module
CN108832054A (en) * 2018-08-04 2018-11-16 丹阳科美汽车部件有限公司 A kind of Varying-thickness cellular car battery pack shell structure
CN209200087U (en) * 2018-12-06 2019-08-02 河北银隆新能源有限公司 Battery case and battery

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