CN114976263A - Solid-state battery with integrated positive electrode and electrolyte and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Solid-state battery with integrated positive electrode and electrolyte and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114976263A
CN114976263A CN202210635315.8A CN202210635315A CN114976263A CN 114976263 A CN114976263 A CN 114976263A CN 202210635315 A CN202210635315 A CN 202210635315A CN 114976263 A CN114976263 A CN 114976263A
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lithium
electrolyte
solid
solid electrolyte
composite
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贺振江
李经依
郑俊超
王振宇
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Central South University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid-state batteries, and particularly discloses a solid-state battery with an integrated anode and electrolyte and a preparation method thereof. The composite solid electrolyte and the composite anode are prepared, a small amount of organic solvent is sprayed on the composite solid electrolyte and the composite anode, and then the composite solid electrolyte and the composite anode are attached to each other, and the characteristics that organic polymers in the anode and the solid electrolyte are dissolved in the organic solvent are utilized, so that the surfaces of the anode and the solid electrolyte are in a liquid state, the effect of liquid-liquid immersion contact is achieved when the anode and the solid electrolyte are attached and contacted, the effective contact between the anode and the solid electrolyte is promoted, an ion diffusion path is increased, the interface impedance is reduced, and the battery performance is improved.

Description

Solid-state battery with integrated positive electrode and electrolyte and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid-state batteries, and particularly relates to an integrated solid-state battery.
Background
Among various renewable energy sources, lithium ion batteries stand out due to their advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, stable discharge region, and the like. However, lithium ion batteries used for power batteries have extremely high safety requirements, which limits the rapid development of electric vehicles to some extent.
The solid-state battery has good mechanical property, thermal stability and chemical stability due to the solid electrolyte in the solid-state battery, and the safety performance of the solid-state battery is relatively higher than that of the conventional battery. In addition, the solid-state battery has higher energy density and wider application range. However, the development of the current solid-state battery is slow, and the major bottleneck limiting the rapid development of the current solid-state battery is poor ionic conductivity of the solid-state electrolyte and poor interface compatibility between the solid-state electrolyte and the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The problem of poor ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes is alleviated by designing a series of novel solid electrolytes, but poor interfacial compatibility between the solid electrolytes and the positive and negative electrodes remains to be solved and becomes a major obstacle to commercialization of solid-state batteries. The interface compatibility includes two aspects of interface contact and interface reaction stability. Poor contact of a solid-solid interface can cause the interface impedance of the battery to be increased, so that rapid diffusion of ions is not facilitated, great polarization is generated in the circulation process of the battery, and the phenomena of poor rate performance, rapid capacity attenuation and the like are caused.
For poor interface contact of a solid-state battery, researchers often adopt a structural design of an electrolyte, in-situ polymerization, and an integrated design to promote contact between the electrolyte and an electrode interface.
Patent document No. CN112599847B discloses a solid-state battery assembled by a double-layer solid-state electrolyte, which is composed of a composite solid-state electrolyte layer and a flexible polymer solid-state electrolyte layer, and has good electrochemical performance and electrode-electrolyte interface compatibility.
Patent document CN111933894A discloses an in-situ polymerization solid-state battery, which is obtained by preparing a pole piece containing a polymer and a polymerization initiator and a solid electrolyte membrane respectively, then carrying out secondary polymerization of the polymers in the pole piece and the solid electrolyte membrane under a certain temperature condition, and modifying the interface between the two in situ.
Patent document CN111342124A discloses an integrally molded solid-state battery in which a positive electrode, an electrolyte membrane, and a negative electrode are prepared, and then stacked and subjected to a hot-pressing process, so that the contents of the solid-state battery are integrally bonded, thereby improving the effective contact between the electrodes and the electrolyte.
However, the solid-state battery disclosed in the above patent document still has problems of poor cycle performance and insufficient rate performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a solid-state battery with an integrated anode and electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, and the solid-state battery has the advantages that the cycle performance and the rate capability are improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following specific technical solutions.
The invention provides a preparation method of a solid-state battery with an integrated anode and electrolyte, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing an organic polymer, an inorganic ceramic filler, a lithium salt and an organic solvent I to obtain electrolyte slurry; vacuum drying the electrolyte slurry to prepare a composite solid electrolyte membrane;
uniformly mixing the positive active substance, the conductive agent and the electrolyte slurry, smearing on an aluminum foil and drying to obtain a positive pole piece;
and (3) uniformly spraying an organic solvent II on the surface of the composite solid electrolyte membrane and/or the surface of the positive pole piece, then attaching the composite solid electrolyte membrane to the positive pole piece, drying in vacuum, and assembling with the negative pole to obtain the solid battery with the integrated positive pole and electrolyte.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the organic polymer is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP), Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyethylene oxide (PEO).
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the inorganic ceramic filler is one or more of Lithium Aluminum Titanium Phosphate (LATP), Lithium Lanthanum Zirconium Oxygen (LLZO), Lithium Lanthanum Tantalum Oxygen (LLTO), Lithium Lanthanum Zirconium Aluminum Oxygen (LLZAO), Lithium Lanthanum Zirconium Tantalum Oxygen (LLZTO).
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the lithium salt is lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonimide (LiTFSI), lithium bistrifluorosulfonimide (LiFSI), lithium perchlorate (LiClO) 4 ) One kind of (1).
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the organic solvent i is one or more of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile, and the organic solvent ii is N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the organic polymer to the inorganic ceramic filler in the electrolyte slurry is 1:0.05 to 1, and the mass ratio of the organic polymer to the lithium salt is 1:0.2 to 2.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, a composite solid electrolyte membrane is prepared by: pouring the electrolyte slurry into a mould or coating the electrolyte slurry on a substrate by blade coating, and then drying the electrolyte slurry in vacuum to obtain the composite solid electrolyte membrane with a certain thickness.
The mold is a polytetrafluoroethylene mold or a culture dish, and the substrate is at least one of glass, aluminum foil, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyimide.
The temperature of the vacuum drying is 60-90 ℃, and the drying time is 24-48 h.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the composite solid electrolyte membrane has a thickness of 50 to 200 μm.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO) 4 ) Lithium cobaltate (LiCoO) 2 ) Lithium manganate (LiMnO) 2 ) Lithium nickelate (LiNiO) 2 ) And nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials or nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary materials.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the conductive agent is acetylene black.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the manner of attaching the composite solid electrolyte membrane to the positive electrode plate is pressure lamination; the pressure during the pressing is 0.1-2 MPa.
Further, the temperature of the vacuum drying is 80-120 ℃, and the time is 0.5-2 hours.
Further, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the solid-state battery is assembled at the interface between the composite electrolyte membrane and the negative electrode tabAdding LiPF-containing solution dropwise 6 The organic electrolytic solution of (1).
In addition, the invention provides a solid-state battery with an integrated positive electrode and electrolyte, which is prepared by the preparation method.
Key components of solid-state batteries include the positive electrode, the solid-state electrolyte, and the negative electrode. Most of the positive electrode materials are composed of micron-sized active substances, so that the surface of the positive electrode plate is easily uneven. Meanwhile, the solid electrolyte has a difficult surface to be flat due to its solid nature. When the battery is assembled, point contact or local contact is generated between the positive electrode and the solid electrolyte, so that few ion diffusion channels are formed on an interface, the impedance value of the battery interface is high, greater polarization is easy to generate during circulation, and the battery has low coulomb efficiency and poorer rate performance and circulation stability. According to the invention, the composite solid electrolyte and the composite anode are prepared, a small amount of organic solvent is sprayed on the composite solid electrolyte and the composite anode, and then the composite solid electrolyte and the composite anode are bonded, the surfaces of the anode and the solid electrolyte are in liquid state by utilizing the characteristic that organic polymers in the anode and the solid electrolyte are dissolved in the organic solvent, so that the liquid-liquid immersion type contact effect is achieved during bonding contact, the effective contact between the anode and the solid electrolyte is promoted, the ion diffusion path is increased, the interface impedance is reduced, and the battery performance is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the positive electrode electrolyte integrated solid-state battery has an integrated structure, so that the interface impedance of the battery is effectively reduced, the concentration polarization is inhibited, and the battery can have higher specific discharge capacity;
(2) the integrated positive electrode and the electrolyte promote the homogenization of the current density in the battery, thereby improving the cycling stability of the battery;
(3) the electrolyte slurry added into the positive electrode is beneficial to the rapid diffusion of lithium ions on the positive electrode side, so that the rate capability of the assembled battery is good;
(4) the method has simple process, the required equipment is basically consistent with the existing industrialized solid-state battery process, and the method can be directly used for the production of the existing production line.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a charge/discharge curve at 0.1C of a positive electrode electrolyte integrated solid-state battery assembled in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a charge/discharge curve at 0.5C for the positive electrode electrolyte integrated solid-state battery assembled in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a charge/discharge curve of the positive electrode electrolyte integrated solid-state battery 1C assembled in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a charge/discharge curve of the positive electrode-electrolyte integrated solid-state battery 2C assembled in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of cycle performance at 0.5C for the assembled positive electrolyte integrated solid-state battery of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing rate performance of the assembled positive electrode electrolyte integrated solid-state battery according to example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an electrochemical impedance diagram of the assembled positive electrode-electrolyte integrated solid-state battery according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below, and the description in this section is merely exemplary and explanatory and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can combine features from the embodiments of this document and from different embodiments accordingly based on the description of this document.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1
(1) Preparing a composite solid electrolyte membrane: weighing 0.4 g of LiTFSI, 0.5 g of PVDF and 0.1 g of LATP, uniformly mixing in 5 mL of DMF, magnetically stirring for 6 h and ultrasonically treating for 1 h, coating the slurry on a glass plate by using a blade coating method, drying for 24 h at 80 ℃ under a vacuum condition, and removing most of DMF solvent to obtain a composite solid electrolyte membrane;
(2) preparing a positive pole piece: weighing 0.04 g of LiTFSI, 0.05 g of PVDF and 0.001 g of LATP, uniformly mixing in 5 mL of NMP, magnetically stirring for 6 hours and ultrasonically treating for 1 hour to prepare solid electrolyte slurry; 0.08g of LiFePO was weighed out 4 0.01g of acetylene black, dry-grinding and uniformly mixing in a mortar, adding 0.5 mL of electrolyte slurry as a binder and a dispersing agent for wet grinding, coating on an aluminum foil, and drying for 6 h at 120 ℃ under a vacuum condition to prepare a positive electrode plate;
(3) integrating and assembling the positive electrode and the electrolyte into a battery: spraying a small amount of NMP on the surfaces of the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the positive pole piece to dissolve part of PVDF in the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the positive pole piece, then pressing the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the PVDF under 1Mpa, and then placing the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the PVDF in an oven at 80 ℃ for vacuum drying for 2 hours to obtain an integrated positive pole and electrolyte; and assembling the battery by taking the metal lithium as a negative electrode under an inert protective atmosphere.
The assembled cell was tested for electrochemical performance (1C =170 mA/g) at a voltage range of 2.7-4.3V, with the results shown in fig. 1-7: the specific discharge capacity under the multiplying power of 0.1C reaches 158.4mAh/g, the specific discharge capacity under the multiplying power of 0.2C is 158.0mAh/g, the specific discharge capacity under the multiplying power of 0.3C is 158.1mAh/g, the specific discharge capacity under the multiplying power of 0.5C is 155.8mAh/g, the specific discharge capacity under the multiplying power of 1C is 146.8mAh/g, the specific discharge capacity under the multiplying power of 2C is 126.7mAh/g, and the assembled battery has good multiplying power performance; after 50 cycles at 0.5 ℃, the capacity retention rate is 96.3%, and the battery obtained by assembly has good cycle stability; the electrolyte phase impedance was 13. omega., the charge transfer impedance was 202. omega., and the lithium ion diffusion coefficient was 6.8X 10 -13 cm 2 s -1 The assembled battery has small impedance and high lithium ion diffusion speed.
Example 2
(1) Preparing a composite solid electrolyte membrane: weighing 0.3 g of LiTFSI, 0.6 g of PVDF-HFP and 0.1 g of LLZAO, uniformly mixing in 10 mL of DMF, magnetically stirring for 6 hours, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour, pouring into a culture dish, drying for 24 hours at 90 ℃ under vacuum conditions, removing most of DMF solvent, and preparing a composite solid electrolyte membrane;
(2) preparing a positive pole piece: weighing 0.03 g of LiTFSI and 0.0 g of LiTFSIUniformly mixing 6 g of PVDF-HFP and 0.01g of LLZAO in 3 mL of NMP, magnetically stirring for 6 hours, and ultrasonically treating for 1 hour to prepare solid electrolyte slurry; 0.08g of LiNi was weighed 0.83 Co 0.11 Mn 0.06 O 2 0.01g of acetylene black, dry-grinding and uniformly mixing in a mortar, adding 0.3 mL of electrolyte slurry as a binder and a dispersing agent for wet grinding, coating on an aluminum foil, and drying for 6 h at 120 ℃ under a vacuum condition to prepare a positive electrode plate;
(3) integrating and assembling the positive electrode and the electrolyte into a battery: spraying a small amount of NMP on the surfaces of the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the positive pole piece to partially dissolve PVDF-HFP in the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the positive pole piece, then pressing the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the PVDF-HFP under 0.5Mpa, and then placing the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the positive pole piece in a 120 ℃ oven for vacuum drying for 0.5 hour to obtain an integrated positive pole and electrolyte; and assembling the battery by taking metal lithium as a negative electrode in a glove box in an inert protective atmosphere.
Example 3
(1) Preparing a composite solid electrolyte membrane: weighing 0.3 g LiFSI and 0.5 g PEO, uniformly mixing in 10 mL acetonitrile, adding 0.2 g LLZTO after magnetic stirring for 4 h, continuing magnetic stirring for 4 h and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1 h, pouring into a culture dish, drying for 48h at 60 ℃ under a vacuum condition, removing most acetonitrile, and preparing a composite solid electrolyte membrane;
(2) preparing a positive pole piece: weighing 0.03 g of LiFSI, 0.05 g of PEO and 0.02 g of LLZTO, uniformly mixing in 5 mL of NMP, magnetically stirring for 6 hours and ultrasonically treating for 1 hour to prepare solid electrolyte slurry; 0.08g of LiFePO was weighed out 4 0.01g of acetylene black, dry-grinding and uniformly mixing in a mortar, adding 0.5 mL of electrolyte slurry as a binder and a dispersing agent for wet grinding, coating on an aluminum foil, and drying for 6 h at 120 ℃ under a vacuum condition to prepare a composite positive electrode plate;
(3) integrating positive electrode and electrolyte and assembling the battery: spraying a small amount of NMP on the surfaces of the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the positive pole piece to partially dissolve PEO in the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the positive pole piece, then pressing the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the positive pole piece under 0.8Mpa, and then placing the composite solid electrolyte membrane and the positive pole piece in a 100 ℃ oven for vacuum drying for 1 hour to obtain an integrated positive pole and electrolyte; and assembling the battery by taking the metal lithium as a negative electrode in a glove box in an inert protective atmosphere.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical scope of the present invention, and equivalents and modifications of the technical solutions and concepts of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for preparing a solid-state battery with an integrated positive electrode and electrolyte is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing an organic polymer, an inorganic ceramic filler, a lithium salt and an organic solvent I to obtain electrolyte slurry; vacuum drying the electrolyte slurry to prepare a composite solid electrolyte membrane;
uniformly mixing the positive active substance, the conductive agent and the electrolyte slurry, smearing on an aluminum foil and drying to obtain a positive pole piece;
and (3) uniformly spraying an organic solvent II on the surface of the composite solid electrolyte membrane and/or the surface of the positive pole piece, then attaching the composite solid electrolyte membrane to the positive pole piece, drying in vacuum, and assembling with the negative pole to obtain the solid battery with the integrated positive pole and electrolyte.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic polymer is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide; the inorganic ceramic filler is one or more of lithium aluminum titanium phosphate, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, lithium lanthanum tantalum oxide, lithium lanthanum zirconium aluminum oxide and lithium lanthanum zirconium tantalum oxide; the lithium salt is one of lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonic acid imide, lithium bifluorosulfonyl imide and lithium perchlorate; the organic solvent I is one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, acetone, tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile, and the organic solvent II is N-methylpyrrolidone; the positive active material is one of lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, nickel cobalt manganese ternary material or nickel cobalt aluminum ternary material; the conductive agent is acetylene black.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the organic polymer to the inorganic ceramic filler in the electrolyte slurry is 1:0.05 to 1, and the mass ratio of the organic polymer to the lithium salt is 1:0.2 to 2.
4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the composite solid electrolyte membrane is produced by: pouring the electrolyte slurry into a mould or coating the electrolyte slurry on a substrate by blade coating, and then drying the electrolyte slurry in vacuum to obtain the composite solid electrolyte membrane with a certain thickness.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the mold is a polytetrafluoroethylene mold or a petri dish, and the substrate is at least one of glass, aluminum foil, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyimide.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the manner of bonding the composite solid electrolyte membrane to the positive electrode sheet is pressure lamination; the pressure during the pressing is 0.1-2 MPa.
7. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the interface between the composite electrolyte membrane and the negative electrode sheet is dropped with a solution containing LiPF during assembly of the solid-state battery 6 The organic electrolytic solution of (1).
8. A solid-state battery having a positive electrode and an electrolyte integrated therein, which is produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
CN202210635315.8A 2022-06-07 2022-06-07 Solid-state battery with integrated positive electrode and electrolyte and preparation method thereof Pending CN114976263A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117886614A (en) * 2024-03-18 2024-04-16 吉林大学 Fibrous ceramic inorganic material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium battery solid polymer electrolyte
CN117936712A (en) * 2024-03-21 2024-04-26 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Method for improving compactness of positive pole piece of solid-state battery and solid-state battery

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117886614A (en) * 2024-03-18 2024-04-16 吉林大学 Fibrous ceramic inorganic material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium battery solid polymer electrolyte
CN117886614B (en) * 2024-03-18 2024-05-17 吉林大学 Fibrous ceramic inorganic material, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium battery solid polymer electrolyte
CN117936712A (en) * 2024-03-21 2024-04-26 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Method for improving compactness of positive pole piece of solid-state battery and solid-state battery

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