CN110581253A - Electrode pole piece, preparation method thereof and solid-state battery - Google Patents
Electrode pole piece, preparation method thereof and solid-state battery Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electrode plate, a preparation method thereof and a solid-state battery. The electrode plate comprises a current collector and an electrode material layer, wherein the electrode material layer contains an electrode active substance and a solid electrolyte, and the content gradient of the electrode active substance is reduced and the content gradient of the solid electrolyte is increased in the thickness direction far away from the current collector. According to the electrode plate provided by the invention, the electrode active substance and the solid electrolyte in the electrode material layer are subjected to gradient design according to the conduction characteristic of lithium ions in the electrode reaction, so that the ionic conductivity of the electrode plate is improved, the ionic conductivity of the electrode plate with high active material surface density is particularly improved, and meanwhile, the high solid electrolyte content is beneficial to the fusion of the electrode and the electrolyte interface on the side close to the electrolyte, so that the interface impedance of the electrode and the electrolyte membrane is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to an electrode plate, a preparation method thereof and a solid-state battery.
Background
The development of new energy automobiles has important significance for relieving the environmental pollution problem and the energy crisis, and the power battery serving as an energy source plays a decisive role in the performance of the new energy automobiles. The lithium ion battery is the first choice of the new energy automobile battery due to the advantages of high energy density, high power density, long service life, no memory effect and the like.
The rapid development of new energy automobiles puts higher demands on the safety, energy density and other performances of a power battery system, a liquid lithium ion battery used by the current mainstream power battery has certain potential safety hazards due to the fact that the liquid lithium ion battery contains liquid organic electrolyte, and the voltage-resistant window of the liquid lithium ion battery is limited, so that the further improvement of the energy density of the lithium ion battery is limited.
solid-state battery adopts solid electrolyte to replace traditional organic liquid electrolyte, compares in traditional liquid lithium ion battery, and it has reduced the use of electrolyte, diaphragm or even binder, has not only avoided the safety problems such as electrolyte to reveal, moreover because solid-state battery can adopt the stack formula design, has simplified the battery structure, has higher energy density than the battery that uses organic electrolyte, and solid electrolyte can not volatilize and nonflammable, has improved lithium ion battery's security performance.
In the solid-state battery, because no liquid electrolyte is filled in gaps among electrode particles, good ion channels cannot be formed among the electrode particles, the exertion of the rate performance of the solid-state battery is limited, and particularly when the surface density of the electrode is increased, ions are more difficult to diffuse in the electrode, so that the power density of the battery is reduced to a certain extent at high surface density.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrode pole piece, so as to solve the problem that the ionic conductivity of the electrode pole piece of a solid-state battery is reduced under high areal density.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the electrode plate and a solid-state battery using the electrode plate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
An electrode pole piece comprises a current collector and an electrode material layer, wherein the electrode material layer contains an electrode active substance and a solid electrolyte, the content gradient of the electrode active substance is reduced, and the content gradient of the solid electrolyte is increased in the thickness direction far away from the current collector.
The electrode material layer comprises at least two electrode material sublayers arranged in the thickness direction far away from the current collector, the contents of electrode active substances and solid electrolyte in each electrode material sublayer are fixed, and in the thickness direction far away from the current collector, the contents of the electrode active substances are gradually reduced layer by layer, and the contents of the solid electrolyte are gradually increased layer by layer.
According to the electrode plate provided by the invention, the electrode active substance and the solid electrolyte in the electrode material layer are subjected to gradient design according to the conduction characteristic of lithium ions in the electrode reaction, so that the ionic conductivity of the electrode plate is improved, the ionic conductivity of the electrode plate with high active material surface density is particularly improved, and meanwhile, the high solid electrolyte content is beneficial to the fusion of the electrode and the electrolyte interface on the side close to the electrolyte, so that the interface impedance of the electrode and the electrolyte membrane is reduced. The electrode plate can improve the surface density, improve the integral ionic conductivity of the electrode plate, reduce the interface impedance of the electrode and an electrolyte membrane, and further realize the coupling optimization of the energy density and the power density of the battery.
The positive pole piece can be a positive pole or a negative pole, and the positive pole can be a material system such as lithium cobaltate, a ternary material, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, a lithium-rich phase material and the like; the negative electrode can be a material system such as graphite, an amorphous carbon material, an alloy material and the like, and the positive electrode piece is designed according to the structure aiming at the solid-state battery with the negative electrode being metal lithium or lithium alloy.
The solid electrolyte is an inorganic solid electrolyte, a polymer electrolyte or a composite solid electrolyte consisting of the inorganic solid electrolyte and the polymer electrolyte. For the application of the composite solid electrolyte, it is preferable that the solid electrolyte is a composite solid electrolyte, and the content of the inorganic solid electrolyte in the composite solid electrolyte varies in a gradient, preferably increases in a gradient, in the thickness direction away from the current collector. The polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer matrix and lithium salt, and in the case of using the polymer electrolyte, the polymer matrix can be simultaneously used as a binder to avoid the application of a conventional binder, so that a more perfect conductive network can be constructed. The addition of the inorganic solid electrolyte while the polymer electrolyte is used is beneficial to improving the ionic conductance of the positive electrode.
The polymer matrix and the lithium salt related to the polymer electrolyte are both commercially available products or can be prepared by the prior art, and from the aspects of reducing cost and optimizing lithium ion conductivity, preferably, the polymer matrix is polyethylene oxide PEO, polypropylene oxide PPO, polypropylene carbonate PPC, polyethylene carbonate PEC, polyethylene carbonate PVC, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene PVDF-HFP, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polyimide PI, polyacrylonitrile PAN, polyvinyl acetate PVAc, polymethyl methacrylate PMMA, polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF, polypropylene imine PPI, polystyrene PS, polyethylmethacrylate PEMA, polyacrylic acid PAA, polymethacrylic acid PMAA, polyethylene oxide methyl ether methacrylate PEMA, polyethylene glycol PEG, polydiacrylate PEDA, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate PDE, polyethylene glycol methacrylate PME, At least one of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether PEGM, polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate PEGMA, poly-2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate PEOEMA, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether PEGDME, poly-2-vinylpyridine P2VP, and polyetherimide PEI. The lithium salt is LiClO4Lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6Lithium bis (oxalato) borate LiBOB and lithium hexafluoroarsenate LiAsF6Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF)4Lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate LiCF3SO3Bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonic acidLithium imide LiTFSI and/or lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide LiFSI.
The inorganic solid electrolyte is an inorganic lithium ion conductive material with a perovskite structure, a NASICON structure, a LISICON structure, a LiPON type, a garnet structure and/or an amorphous structure.
The electrode material layer also contains a conductive agent, and the content gradient of the conductive agent in the electrode material layer is increased in the thickness direction far away from the current collector. The electronic conductivity of the electrode can be further optimized by the gradient design of the conductive agent.
In order to better complete the conductive network of the electrode material layer and enhance the ionic and electronic conductance of the electrode, it is preferable that the electrode material layer is composed of an electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a polymer electrolyte. More preferably, in the electrode material layer, the mass content of the conductive agent is 1 to 10%, the mass content of the polyelectrolyte is 2 to 20%, and the balance is the electrode active material.
Preferably, the electrode material layer is composed of an electrode active material, a conductive agent, a polymer electrolyte, and an inorganic solid electrolyte. More preferably, in the electrode material layer, the mass content of the conductive agent is 1 to 10%, the mass content of the polyelectrolyte is 2 to 20%, the mass content of the inorganic solid electrolyte is 0.1 to 20%, and the balance is the electrode active material. Typically, the thickness of the electrode material layer is 50-300 μm.
The preparation method of the electrode plate comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing electrode material slurry of a series of electrode active material content gradient changes and solid electrolyte content gradient changes;
2) And coating electrode material slurry on the current collector, drying, coating and drying the next electrode material slurry until the coating of the series of electrode material slurry is finished, and drying to obtain the electrode material slurry.
The preparation method of the electrode plate adopts a continuous coating method to realize the gradient coating of the electrode active substance and the solid electrolyte, the prepared electrode plate can effectively promote the deep transmission of the ionic conductance, is beneficial to the promotion of the ionic conductance of the high-surface-density electrode, reduces the interface impedance of the electrode and the electrolyte membrane, and the preparation method of the corresponding electrode plate has simple operation, can utilize the production equipment of the prior electrode plate to produce, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
In the step 1), the electrode material slurry may further contain substances such as a conductive agent, a binder and the like, and the slurry containing the substances is prepared by uniformly dispersing the corresponding raw materials in a suitable solvent.
a solid-state battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte membrane, the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode including a current collector and an electrode material layer containing an electrode active material and a solid-state electrolyte, the content gradient of the electrode active material decreasing and the content gradient of the solid-state electrolyte increasing in a thickness direction away from the current collector.
The solid-state battery is a solid-state lithium ion battery or a solid-state lithium battery, wherein the anode and the cathode can both adopt the gradient design mode, and the anode preferably adopts the gradient design mode so as to be beneficial to the promotion of the ion conductivity of the anode.
the electrolyte membrane can be the electrolyte membrane of the existing solid-state battery, and can be a polymer electrolyte system, an inorganic solid-state electrolyte system or a composite system of the polymer electrolyte system and the inorganic solid-state electrolyte system.
According to the solid-state battery provided by the invention, the pole piece is designed to have high active substance content on the collector side and low active substance content on the electrolyte side, the electrolyte in the electrode pole piece has low content on the collector side and high content on the electrolyte side, the ionic conductance of the electrode pole piece is improved, the ionic conductance of the electrode pole piece is particularly improved, the high electrolyte content of the electrolyte side electrode is beneficial to the fusion of the electrode and the electrolyte interface, so that the interface impedance of the electrode and the electrolyte is reduced, and the internal resistance of the battery is reduced. The solid-state battery realizes the cooperative promotion of the surface density and the ionic conductance, and has important significance for realizing the coupling optimization of the solid-state battery with high energy density and high power density.
Drawings
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electrode sheet according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a solid-state battery according to embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an electrode sheet according to example 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a solid-state battery according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
The electrode plate of the embodiment has a structure schematic diagram shown in fig. 1, and specifically is a positive electrode plate 1 with a gradient distribution of a positive active material and a solid electrolyte, which includes a positive current collector 11 and a positive electrode material layer, wherein the positive electrode material layer includes a current collector side active material layer and an electrolyte side active material layer, the thickness of the current collector side active material layer is 50 μm, and the positive electrode plate is composed of a positive active material 12, a conductive agent 13 and a polymer electrolyte 14, and the mass contents are 93%, 2% and 5% respectively; the electrolyte-side active material layer was 100 μm, and also consisted of the positive electrode active material 12, the conductive agent 13, and the polymer electrolyte 14, and the mass contents were 85%, 5%, and 10%, respectively.
The polymer electrolyte consists of a polymer matrix and lithium salt, wherein the polymer matrix is poly (ethylene carbonate) PVC, the lithium salt is bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl imide lithium LiTFSI, and the mass ratio of the polymer matrix to the lithium salt is 3: 1. The positive active substance is a ternary material, and the conductive agent is conductive carbon black.
the preparation method of the electrode plate of the embodiment adopts the following steps:
1) Uniformly dispersing polymer electrolyte, positive active substance and conductive agent in dimethyl formamide DMF according to a formula, and respectively preparing active substance layer slurry on the collector side and active substance layer slurry on the electrolyte side;
2) Coating the slurry of the collector side active material layer on an aluminum foil, and drying to form a collector side active material layer;
3) Coating the electrolyte side active material layer slurry on the collector side active material layer, and drying to obtain the electrolyte side active material layer slurry.
The solid-state battery of this embodiment, the schematic structural diagram of which is shown in fig. 2, includes a positive electrode plate 1, an electrolyte membrane 2 and a negative electrode plate 3 of this embodiment, the electrolyte membrane is a solid electrolyte membrane, the negative electrode plate is a metal lithium negative electrode, and the positive electrode plate, the electrolyte membrane and the negative electrode plate are pressed and molded, and assembled according to the prior art.
Example 2
The electrode plate of the embodiment has a structure schematic diagram shown in fig. 3, and specifically is a positive electrode plate 1 with a gradient distribution of positive active material and solid electrolyte, which includes a positive current collector 11 and a positive electrode material layer, wherein the positive electrode material layer includes a current collector side active material layer and an electrolyte side active material layer, the thickness of the current collector side active material layer is 50 μm, and the positive electrode plate is composed of a positive active material 12, a conductive agent 13, a polymer electrolyte 14 and an inorganic solid electrolyte 15, and the mass contents are 93%, 2%, 4.5% and 0.5% respectively; the electrolyte-side active material layer was 100 μm, and also consisted of the positive electrode active material 12, the conductive agent 13, the polymer electrolyte 14, and the inorganic solid electrolyte 15, and the mass contents were 85%, 5%, 9%, and 1%, respectively.
The polymer electrolyte, the positive electrode active material and the conductive agent were selected in the same manner as in example 1, and the inorganic solid electrolyte was garnet-type Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12An electrolyte.
The electrode sheet of this example can be prepared in the manner described in example 1.
The solid-state battery of this embodiment, the schematic structural diagram of which is shown in fig. 4, includes a positive electrode plate 1, an electrolyte membrane 2 and a negative electrode plate 3 of this embodiment, the electrolyte membrane is a solid electrolyte membrane, the negative electrode plate is a metal lithium negative electrode, and the positive electrode plate, the electrolyte membrane and the negative electrode plate are pressed and molded, and assembled according to the prior art.
Comparative example 1
The electrode sheet of comparative example 1 has the same specification as the positive electrode sheet of example 1, and the thickness of the positive electrode material layer is 150 μm, except that the positive electrode active material, the polymer electrolyte and the conductive agent are uniformly distributed, and the contents are 93%, 5% and 2%, respectively. The positive active substance, the polymer electrolyte and the conductive agent are uniformly mixed in a solvent according to the formula amount, coated on an aluminum foil and dried to obtain the aluminum foil.
On the basis of the positive electrode plate, the corresponding solid-state battery was prepared by referring to the method of example 1.
Comparative example 2
The electrode sheet of comparative example 2 was identical in specification to the positive electrode sheet of example 2, and the thickness of the positive electrode material layer was 150 μm, except that the positive electrode active material, the polymer electrolyte, the inorganic solid electrolyte, and the conductive agent were uniformly distributed in amounts of 93%, 4.5%, 0.5%, and 2%, respectively. The positive active material, the polymer electrolyte, the inorganic solid electrolyte and the conductive agent are uniformly mixed in a solvent according to the formula amount, coated on an aluminum foil and dried to obtain the aluminum foil.
on the basis of the positive electrode plate, the corresponding solid-state battery was prepared by referring to the method of example 2.
Test examples
the test examples were conducted to examine the performance of the solid-state batteries of each example and comparative example, and the examination results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 results of performance test of solid-state batteries of examples and comparative examples
Numbering | specific capacity of positive electrode (mAh/g) | Energy Density (Wh/kg) | Power density (W/kg) |
Example 1 | 170 | 320 | 250 |
Example 2 | 172 | 325 | 275 |
Comparative example 1 | 135 | 255 | 125 |
Comparative example 2 | 140 | 260 | 155 |
As can be seen from the test results in table 1, the solid-state battery of the example has smaller internal resistance at high areal density and realizes the coupling optimization of high energy density and high power density of the solid-state battery, as compared with the comparative example, in which the establishment of the ion conduction path of the positive electrode and the improvement of the interfacial compatibility of the positive electrode and the electrolyte membrane are main reasons for realizing the improvement of the performance of the solid-state battery.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode plate may be designed in a gradient distribution form of active material and solid electrolyte by referring to the manner of the positive electrode material in the embodiments, so as to further improve the ionic conductance of the negative electrode and the interface compatibility with the electrolyte membrane. The electrode material layer may utilize three or more continuous coating processes to achieve a finer gradient distribution of the electrode active material, the solid electrolyte. Examples are given to illustrate a polymer matrix and a lithium salt, and other types of polymer matrices and lithium salts may be substituted by the way of the reference examples, and the specific dosage range may be adjusted within the range defined by the present invention, which may achieve the effect equivalent to the examples.
Claims (10)
1. The electrode plate comprises a current collector and an electrode material layer, and is characterized in that the electrode material layer contains an electrode active substance and a solid electrolyte, the content gradient of the electrode active substance is reduced, and the content gradient of the solid electrolyte is increased in the thickness direction far away from the current collector.
2. the electrode sheet according to claim 1, wherein the solid electrolyte is an inorganic solid electrolyte, a polymer electrolyte or a composite solid electrolyte composed of an inorganic solid electrolyte and a polymer electrolyte.
3. the electrode tab of claim 2, wherein the solid electrolyte is a composite solid electrolyte in which the content of the inorganic solid electrolyte varies in a gradient in a thickness direction away from the current collector.
4. the electrode sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrode material layer further contains a conductive agent, and the content gradient of the conductive agent in the electrode material layer increases in a thickness direction away from the current collector.
5. The electrode sheet according to claim 2, wherein the electrode material layer is composed of an electrode active material, a conductive agent and a polymer electrolyte.
6. The electrode sheet according to claim 5, wherein the electrode material layer contains 1 to 10% by mass of a conductive agent, 2 to 20% by mass of a polyelectrolyte, and the balance of an electrode active material.
7. The electrode sheet according to claim 2, wherein the electrode material layer is composed of an electrode active material, a conductive agent, a polymer electrolyte and an inorganic solid electrolyte.
8. The electrode sheet according to claim 7, wherein the electrode material layer contains 1 to 10% by mass of a conductive agent, 2 to 20% by mass of a polyelectrolyte, 0.1 to 20% by mass of an inorganic solid electrolyte, and the balance of an electrode active material.
9. A method of making an electrode sheet according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) Preparing electrode material slurry of a series of electrode active material content gradient changes and solid electrolyte content gradient changes;
2) And coating electrode material slurry on the current collector, drying, coating and drying the next electrode material slurry until the coating of the series of electrode material slurry is finished, and drying to obtain the electrode material slurry.
10. A solid-state battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte membrane, the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode material layer, characterized in that the electrode material layer contains an electrode active material and a solid-state electrolyte, and in a thickness direction away from the current collector, a content gradient of the electrode active material decreases and a content gradient of the solid-state electrolyte increases.
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Application publication date: 20191217 |