CN114970921A - Early warning method and system for severity of drilling blockage - Google Patents
Early warning method and system for severity of drilling blockage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for early warning the severity of drilling blockage, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring historical logging data of drilling blockage accident occurrence in a target block, analyzing the data to determine key drilling parameters influencing the drilling blockage accident occurrence probability, and constructing a drilling blockage early warning model based on the parameters; acquiring real-time logging data of field drilling in a target block, analyzing the state of a blockage-encountering card of key drilling parameter data influencing the probability of occurrence of a drilling blockage-encountering card accident in the real-time logging data by using a drilling blockage-encountering card early warning model, and judging whether the current drilling needs to be early warned or not; and judging the severity of the current drilling blockage by using a preset blockage severity grading early warning model, and performing early warning processing. According to the invention, the early warning accuracy rate of the blockage in the drilling can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum drilling engineering, in particular to a method and a system for identifying and early warning a blockage card and calculating the severity of the blockage card in a drilling process.
Background
The well drilling is blocked as a common fault of well drilling construction, once the blockage is discovered and disposed untimely, the blockage is easily developed into the blocking, the breaking and the burying, and the well side drilling can be only filled seriously, so that the huge time and economic loss are caused. Similar events occur every year, and the well depth and the geology of the regions such as the Sichuan basin and the northward are complex and are easy to occur frequently. Therefore, how to accurately predict the occurrence of the drilling blockage accident is an important task.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the prior art: the drill sticking early warning model adopted in the prior art has the problems of strong theoretical performance and incapability of being really applied to a drilling construction site in a short time; or the model has a certain early warning function when the card is blocked, but the early warning accuracy rate is lower and the false alarm rate is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical problems to be solved by the invention is to provide an early warning method for the severity of the well drilling blockage, which can be applied to a well drilling construction site and has high early warning accuracy.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application first provides a method for early warning of severity of drilling encountering obstruction, where the method includes: acquiring historical logging data of drilling blockage accident occurrence in a target block, analyzing the data to determine key drilling parameters influencing the drilling blockage accident occurrence probability, and constructing a drilling blockage early warning model based on the parameters; acquiring real-time logging data of field drilling in the target block, analyzing the state of a blockage-caused drilling card on key drilling parameter data influencing the probability of occurrence of the drilling blockage-caused drilling card accident in the real-time logging data by using a drilling blockage-caused drilling card early warning model, and judging whether the current drilling needs to be early warned or not; and judging the severity of the current drilling encountering blockage by using a preset encountering blockage severity graded early warning model, and performing early warning processing, wherein the encountering blockage severity graded early warning model is a graded early warning rule of the encountering blockage severity set according to an ascending authority limit value of the driller on the encountering blockage processing.
Preferably, in the step of determining key drilling parameters affecting the probability of the occurrence of the drilling stuck-at-block accident, the method comprises the following steps: preprocessing the historical logging data; analyzing the drilling parameter curve change characteristics corresponding to the processed data and the relevance of the multi-drilling parameter curve change trend; based on an amplitude-frequency response principle and an analysis result, key drilling parameters influencing the occurrence probability of the drilling encountering blockage accident are excavated, wherein the key drilling parameters comprise hook load fluctuation frequency and fluctuation amplitude, torque fluctuation amplitude, average torque change rate and average vertical and horizontal press change rate.
Preferably, in the step of judging whether the current drilling well needs to be pre-warned or not, judging whether the abnormal torque phenomenon occurs or not according to the torque amplitude or the average torque change rate and judging whether the abnormal vertical pressure phenomenon occurs or not according to the average vertical pressure change rate based on the drilling well blockage pre-warning model; when the vertical pressure abnormality or the torque abnormality occurs, whether the fluctuation frequency and the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load reach critical values or not in a set time window is judged, if so, the early warning condition of the encountering and blocking is judged to be met, and the early warning of the encountering and blocking is required.
Preferably, in the step of determining whether the vertical pressure abnormality or the torque abnormality occurs, under the drilling condition, if the vertical pressing average change rate reaches the vertical pressing average change rate threshold within a set time window, it is determined that the vertical pressure is abnormal; under the drilling working condition or the reaming working condition, if the rotating speed reaches the rotating speed threshold value, and the average torque change rate reaches the average torque change rate threshold value or the torque amplitude reaches the torque amplitude threshold value in a set time window, the torque is judged to be abnormal.
Preferably, the encounter-stuck-severity graded early-warning model comprises: in the set time window, whether the following set conditions are met is judged: if the fluctuation range of the hook load is less than or equal to the first upgrade authority limit value, judging that the hook load belongs to the hanging resistance operation and does not belong to the encountering resistance card; if the fluctuation range of the hook load is larger than the first lifting right limit value and smaller than or equal to the second lifting right limit value, executing low-grade drilling blockage early warning; if the fluctuation range of the hook load in the front and rear time windows is larger than the second lifting right limit value and smaller than or equal to the third lifting right limit value, executing middle-grade drilling blockage pre-warning; if the fluctuation range of the hook load in the front and rear time windows is larger than a third right lifting limit value, executing advanced drilling blockage early warning; and the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load in the front time window and the rear time window is the difference value between the peak value of the hook load in the current time window and the normal hook load value.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an early warning system for severity of drilling encountering stuck, the system including: the encounter and blockage early warning model building module is used for obtaining historical logging data of drilling encounter and blockage events in a target block, analyzing the historical logging data to determine key drilling parameters influencing the probability of the drilling encounter and blockage events, and building a drilling encounter and blockage early warning model based on the parameters; the blockage-occurring card state analysis module is used for acquiring real-time logging data of field drilling in the target block, performing blockage-occurring card state analysis on key drilling parameter data which influence the probability of occurrence of a drilling blockage-occurring card accident in the real-time logging data by using a drilling blockage-occurring card early warning model, and judging whether the current drilling needs early warning or not; and the grading early warning module is used for judging the severity of the current drilling encountering blockage by utilizing a preset grading early warning model of the severity of the encountering blockage and carrying out early warning processing, wherein the grading early warning model of the severity of the encountering blockage is a grading early warning rule of the severity of the encountering blockage, which is set according to an upgrade limit value of the well site driller on the processing of the encountering blockage.
Preferably, the encounter-block early warning model building module further performs the following operations: preprocessing the historical logging data; analyzing the drilling parameter curve change characteristics corresponding to the processed data and the correlation of the multi-drilling parameter curve change trend; based on an amplitude-frequency response principle and an analysis result, key drilling parameters influencing the occurrence probability of the drilling encountering blockage accident are excavated, wherein the key drilling parameters comprise hook load fluctuation frequency and fluctuation amplitude, torque fluctuation amplitude, average torque change rate and average vertical and horizontal press change rate.
Preferably, the encounter blocking status analysis module further performs the following operations: judging whether the abnormal phenomenon of the torque occurs or not according to the torque amplitude or the average change rate of the torque and judging whether the abnormal phenomenon of the vertical pressing occurs or not according to the average change rate of the vertical pressing; when the vertical pressure abnormality or the torque abnormality occurs, whether the fluctuation frequency and the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load reach critical values or not in a set time window is judged, if so, the early warning condition of the encountering and blocking is judged to be met, and the early warning of the encountering and blocking is required.
Preferably, the encounter blocking status analysis module further performs the following operations: under the drilling working condition, if the average vertical flattening pressure change rate reaches the threshold value of the average vertical flattening pressure change rate within a set time window, judging that the vertical flattening pressure is abnormal; under the drilling working condition or the reaming working condition, if the rotating speed reaches the rotating speed threshold value, the average torque change rate reaches the average torque change rate threshold value or the torque amplitude reaches the torque amplitude threshold value in a set time window, the torque is judged to be abnormal.
Preferably, the encounter card severity grading early warning model comprises: in the set time window, whether the following set conditions are met is judged: if the fluctuation range of the hook load is less than or equal to the first upgrade authority limit value, judging that the hook load belongs to the hanging resistance operation and does not belong to the encountering resistance card; if the fluctuation range of the hook load is larger than the first lifting authority limit value and smaller than or equal to the second lifting authority limit value, performing low-grade drilling blockage pre-warning; if the fluctuation range of the hook load in the front and rear time windows is larger than the second lifting right limit value and smaller than or equal to the third lifting right limit value, executing middle-grade drilling blockage pre-warning; if the fluctuation range of the hook load in the front and rear time windows is larger than a third authority-lifting limit value, executing advanced drilling blockage pre-warning; and the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load in the front time window and the rear time window is the difference value between the peak value of the hook load in the current time window and the normal hook load value.
Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments in the above scheme can have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
(1) the embodiment of the invention is based on the amplitude-frequency response principle, excavates potential key data characteristics, establishes a multi-parameter severity early warning method for the well drilling obstruction card, realizes early intelligent warning of the well drilling obstruction card, changes the traditional 'person finding abnormity' into 'abnormity finding person', has small and small accident, greatly improves the early intervention rate of the well drilling fault, and reduces the labor cost of supervision and control.
(2) Through high-precision early warning, the failure occurrence probability is reduced, and the purpose of improving the efficiency and the yield is achieved. Northwest oil field branch companies have required large-scale application of the technology, and bring well drilling supervision, related leaders and key personnel of drilling teams into an application range to push information in real time.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure and/or process particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the technology or prior art of the present application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings expressing the embodiments of the present application are used for explaining the technical solutions of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a drilling blockage severity early warning method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating the establishment of a drilling encounter block early warning model according to the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a normal hanging weight (hook load) value and a current time window peak value under different drilling conditions according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an early warning method for severity of a jammed card during actual field operation of a target block according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a drilling encounter choke severity early warning system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the corresponding technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. The embodiments and the features of the embodiments can be combined without conflict, and the technical solutions formed are all within the scope of the present invention.
Additionally, the steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, while a logical order is shown in the flow diagrams, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than here.
The inventors have learned the following prior art in the course of studying the present invention: in patent document CN110778307A, a method for warning and type diagnosis of diamond jamming is proposed, which comprises the following steps: s1, training the PSO-SVM model by using the historical data of the drilling parameters of the adjacent well; s2, acquiring a time sequence of the real-time drilling parameters; s3, carrying out stabilization inspection and stabilization processing on the drilling parameter time sequence; s4, establishing a time series model of the drilling parameters; s5, predicting the number of drilling parameters in the subsequent time period by using the established time series model, and inputting the predicted value into the trained PSO-SVM model to obtain the early warning information and the drilling type diagnosis result of the drilling stuck; and S6, retraining the PSO-SVM model according to the real-time measurement data, and updating the drilling stuck early warning and drilling stuck type diagnosis results in real time by adopting the latest model. In a patent document with publication number CN109594967A, a stuck drill detection early warning method based on logging big data is disclosed, which comprises the following steps: preprocessing data, namely preprocessing service parameters acquired by an automatic logging device and log data recorded by a manager to realize automatic marking of drilling accidents; step two: data characteristic recombination, namely resampling and smoothing original data and judging the importance of a data field; step three: selecting a learning model, and processing stuck drill detection data by adopting a random forest model; step four: and (4) judging model tuning, tuning parameters of the learning model by adopting a cross validation method, and using the finally generated model for detecting drilling engineering abnormity. However, the models in the schemes have the problems of strong theoretical performance and incapability of being really applied to a drilling construction site in a short time; or the model has a certain early warning function when the card is blocked, but the early warning accuracy rate is lower and the false alarm rate is higher.
In light of the above problems, the inventors of the present application propose a new emergency card warning method. According to the method, under the existing equipment and technical conditions, timely and accurate early warning can be made on the blockage occurrence in the drilling process, the severity of the blockage occurrence in the drilling can be accurately evaluated, field operating personnel and rear experts can know the actual situation in the field and timely take the optimal solution measures, and further expansion and seriousness of the blockage occurrence are avoided.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an early warning method for severity of drilling blockage in an embodiment of the present application. The individual steps of the method are explained in detail below with reference to fig. 1. In step S110, a drilling blockage early warning model is constructed.
Specifically, historical logging data of drilling blockage accident occurring in a target block are obtained, the data are analyzed to determine key drilling parameters influencing the probability of the drilling blockage accident, and a drilling blockage early warning model is built based on the parameters.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of establishing a drilling encounter-stuck early warning model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The various steps in constructing the model are described below with reference to FIG. 2.
First, in step S111, the acquired historical logging data of the target block in which the drilling encounter with the stuck drill is occurred is preprocessed. In this embodiment, the high frequency logging curve is smoothed. It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention may implement smoothing processing on the high-frequency logging curve by using methods such as mean filtering, median filtering, gaussian filtering, and bilateral filtering. In the embodiment of the invention, Gaussian filtering or mean filtering is adopted to smooth the high-frequency logging curve.
Specifically, a mean filtering method is used for smoothing. Preferably, this is achieved by the following formula (1):
Y(n)＝αX(n)+(1-α)Y(n-1) (1)
wherein alpha represents a filter coefficient, X (n) represents a sampling value of this time, Y (n-1) represents a filter output value of the last time, and the filter coefficient alpha is trained based on a large amount of logging data and is calculated and updated in real time under different working conditions and well depths.
Then, the drilling parameter curve variation characteristics corresponding to the processed data are analyzed (step S112) and the correlation of the multi-drilling parameter curve variation trend is analyzed (step S113). The inventor contrasts and analyzes the drilling curve graphs of the normal drilling case and the blockage encountering case under different working conditions, and finds that the hook load curve fluctuates violently and irregularly in a short time and generates a large number of wave crests in a short time (as shown in figure 3) in a period before the blockage encountering occurs in the drilling. Fig. 3(a) and (b) respectively show the load amplitude variation curves of the hook in a period of time before the drilling well encounters the obstruction card under different working conditions. Based on the above findings, it can be set that, within the time window t, if the fluctuation amplitude and the fluctuation frequency of the hook load reach the critical values S, F, respectively, it is preliminarily determined that the encounter-blocking early warning condition is satisfied. At this time, the second-order derivation is performed on the hook load curve, and the fluctuation frequency of the hook load in the time window t is calculated.
When the relevance of the multi-drilling parameter curve variation trend is analyzed (step S113), when the encountering resistance card occurs, the parameter variation trend is found to have relevance after the fluctuation amplitude and fluctuation frequency of the hook load, the riser pressure variation trend when the circulation is blocked and the torque variation trend when drilling or reaming.
Then, in step S114, based on the amplitude-frequency response principle and the analysis result, key drilling parameters influencing the probability of occurrence of the drilling encountering stuck accident are mined. The key drilling parameters preferably include hook load fluctuation frequency and fluctuation amplitude, torque fluctuation amplitude, average torque change rate and average vertical and horizontal pressure change rate.
Next, step S115 performs sensitivity analysis on the parameters affecting the probability of occurrence of the drill jam determined in step S114. In this embodiment, according to the correlation analysis result of the curve variation trend of the multi-drilling parameter and the analysis result of the key drilling parameters, the sensitivity time and variation characteristics of each key drilling parameter to the sticking phenomenon are analyzed, so that the possibility and severity of sticking are finally determined in an auxiliary manner by taking the dynamic characteristic of the hook load as a main determination condition and the torque or the vertical pressure as an auxiliary determination condition. That is, when the jamming phenomenon occurs, the average change rate of the pressure of the vertical pipe under the drilling condition or the average change rate of the torque (during drilling) under the drilling or reaming condition is calculated to be changed and abnormal correspondingly, when the vertical pipe is determined to be abnormal or the torque is determined to be abnormal, the fluctuation amplitude and the frequency of the hook load are used as main parameters for predicting the jamming phenomenon of the drilling, and the fluctuation amplitude and the frequency of the hook load are used for judging whether the jamming phenomenon occurs or not.
In step S116, the constructed model is trained and parametered by using the drilling blockage case of the target block, and the model parameters are modified by using the remaining blockage cases and the drilling data to construct a blockage early warning model with adaptive learning capability.
Therefore, the invention determines the key characteristic parameters of the drilling well encountering and blocking early warning model based on the encountering and blocking historical case by utilizing the step S110: the hook load fluctuation frequency and fluctuation amplitude, the torque fluctuation amplitude, the average torque change rate and the average vertical flattening change rate are adopted, so that a drilling blockage early warning model capable of improving the blockage phenomenon identification precision is constructed, high-precision early warning is realized by using the model, the accident rate is reduced, and the purpose of improving efficiency and quantity is achieved.
Next, pre-warning processing is performed on the severity of the blockage of the field drilling, including step S120 and step S130.
In step S120, real-time logging data of the field drilling of the target block is obtained, and a blockage-in-time state analysis is performed on key drilling parameter data affecting the probability of occurrence of a drilling blockage-in-time accident in the real-time logging data by using the drilling blockage-in-time early warning model, so as to determine whether the current drilling needs to be early warned.
Specifically, based on the drilling encounter stuck early warning model determined in step S110, it is determined whether a torque anomaly phenomenon occurs or not according to the torque amplitude or the average torque change rate, and it is determined whether a vertical pressure anomaly phenomenon occurs or not according to the average vertical pressure change rate; when the vertical pressure abnormity or the torque abnormity occurs, the drilling blockage early warning model is continuously utilized to judge whether the fluctuation frequency and the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load reach critical values in a set time window, if so, the judgment that the blockage early warning condition is met is carried out, and the blockage early warning is needed.
In the step of judging whether the vertical compression is abnormal or the torque is abnormal, under the drilling working condition, if the vertical compression average change rate reaches the vertical compression average change rate threshold value within a set time window, the vertical compression is judged to be abnormal; under the drilling working condition or the reaming working condition, if the rotating speed reaches the rotating speed threshold value, the average torque change rate reaches the average torque change rate threshold value or the torque amplitude reaches the torque amplitude threshold value in a set time window, the torque is judged to be abnormal.
In step S130, a preset graded pre-warning model of severity of the encountered card is used to determine the severity of the encountered card in the current drilling well, and pre-warning processing is performed, where the graded pre-warning model of severity of the encountered card is a graded pre-warning rule of severity of the encountered card set according to an upgrade limit of the driller in the well site for the processing of the encountered card.
Because the lifting authority of the driller in the well site for the treatment of the drilling blockage is different, the lifting authority is used as an index for analyzing the severity of the drilling blockage, and the operating result of the driller in the treatment of the blockage accident can directly influence the fluctuation range of the hook load curve. In this embodiment, the encounter-card severity grading early-warning model includes: in the set time window t, whether the following set conditions are met is judged:
(1) if the fluctuation range of the hook load is less than or equal to the first upgrade authority limit value, judging that the hook load belongs to the hanging resistance operation and does not belong to the encountering resistance card;
(2) if the fluctuation range of the hook load is larger than the first lifting right limit value and smaller than or equal to the second lifting right limit value, executing low-grade drilling blockage early warning;
(3) if the fluctuation range of the hook load in the front and rear time windows is larger than the second lifting right limit value and smaller than or equal to the third lifting right limit value, executing middle-grade drilling blockage pre-warning;
(4) if the fluctuation range of the hook load in the front and rear time windows is larger than a third right lifting limit value, executing advanced drilling blockage early warning;
and the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load in the front time window and the rear time window is the difference value between the peak value of the hook load in the current time window and the normal hook load value.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an early warning method for severity of a jammed card during actual field operation of a target block according to an embodiment of the present application. The respective steps are explained below with reference to fig. 4.
Firstly, smoothing the high-frequency logging curve of the current well drilling, and calculating the frequency n and the amplitude s of the peak of the hook load within t minutes in real time.
Then, respectively judging whether the frequency n and the amplitude s of the hook load wave crest are larger than a preset wave crest frequency threshold value n1 and an amplitude threshold value s1, if so, judging that the pre-warning condition of encountering a blockage is met, and then analyzing the severity of the encountering blockage of the drilling well:
within the time window t, the fluctuation range s of the hook load curve meets the following conditions:
if the fluctuation range s of the hook load is less than or equal to s1, judging that the hook load belongs to the hanging resistance operation and does not belong to the encountering resistance card;
if the fluctuation range s of the hook load is less than or equal to s2 and is greater than s1, executing 3-level drilling encountering blockage early warning (low encountering blockage);
s2< the front and back time window that the big hook load fluctuation range s' is less than or equal to s3, executing 2-level drilling blockage early warning (moderate blockage);
s3< front and back time window big hook load fluctuation range s', executing 1-level drilling encountering obstruction card early warning (height encountering obstruction card);
wherein s1, s2 and s3 are the lifting authority limit values of the encountering and blocking cards of drillers with different grades; the front time window and the rear time window have the maximum hook load fluctuation amplitude equal to the current time window maximum hook load value-normal hook load value; the normal hook load value is different under different drilling conditions, and is mainly divided into two types: when the drilling working condition is lifting and lowering, the normal hook load value is the peak value of the hook load in the adjacent time (for example, 5 minutes) under the normal drilling curve; if the drilling conditions are otherwise the normal hook load value is the average of the hook loads in adjacent times (e.g., 5 minutes) under the normal drilling curve. Wherein, the hook load is also called the hanging weight.
Then, the type of the current drilling encountering choke is analyzed.
Firstly, judging the current drilling working condition, and then analyzing the stuck-at-block state:
under the drilling working condition, if the average vertical compression pressure change rate R is greater than R2 in a set time window t, the vertical compression pressure is abnormal;
and under the drilling condition or the reaming condition, if the rotating speed z is greater than z1, the average change rate of the torque is j is greater than j1, or the torque amplitude k is greater than k1 in the time window t, and the torque amplitude k is equal to the difference value of the maximum value of the torque in the time window t minus the average value of the torque in the time window t, the torque is abnormal.
The invention divides the severity of the well blockage card into four types of blockage hanging, low, medium and high by calculating the factor of the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load in the time window in real time, and selectively pushes the blockage card to experts and well site operators according to the severity. For example, the low, medium and high degrees are pushed to well site operators, the high degree is pushed to experts when meeting with a blockage, and the blockage is hung and is not pushed. Therefore, the early warning method for the severity of the drilling blockage can evaluate the severity of the drilling blockage by calculating the fluctuation range of the hook load in real time, and can carry out graded pushing according to the severity so as to further achieve the aim of high-precision early warning. In addition, the invention directly utilizes the drilling blockage early warning model containing various rules, and can realize accurate drilling blockage early warning under the condition of not considering the working condition. The early warning accuracy rate can reach more than 90%.
Example 1
The method of the embodiment is used for carrying out experiments in the remote monitoring project of key well drilling in a certain oil field exploration block, and real-time early warning of blockage of all normal drilling wells in the block is carried out.
The specific process is as follows: establishing a drilling blockage encountering case library of the block, carrying out statistical analysis on the fluctuation amplitude and fluctuation frequency of the hook load when blockage occurs, the pressure variation trend of the stand pipe when circulation is blocked and the torque variation trend when drilling or reaming is carried out, and establishing a blockage encountering rule based on the analysis result of the variation trend of each parameter; setting a severity grading early warning rule of the encountering blockage according to different lifting authorities of the wellsite driller for the encountering blockage treatment; training the model through the drilling blocking case of the block and adjusting parameters; and correcting the model parameters by using the remaining jam cases and the drilling data. By adopting the embodiment of the invention, the early warning accuracy rate of the card blockage is greatly improved.
In summary, in order to improve the practicability and accuracy of the pre-warning of the blockage during drilling, the embodiment of the invention statistically analyzes the potential characteristics of the curve change of the drilling parameter and the relevance analysis of the curve change trend of the multiple drilling parameters from different dimensions, different angles and different standards, and then, based on a large amount of statistical analysis results of the logging data, excavates the potential key data characteristics in the case of the blockage accident during drilling: the fluctuation frequency and fluctuation amplitude of the hook load and the change correlation of the two parameters meet the amplitude-frequency response principle. In the process of carrying out on-site actual business, sensitivity analysis is carried out on drilling parameters influencing the occurrence probability of drilling blockage accidents by combining on-site drilling data, the fluctuation frequency and the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load are used as main analysis parameters for predicting whether the drilling blockage accidents occur, and the average torque change rate and the average vertical flattening change rate are used as auxiliary analysis parameters for analyzing the types of the drilling blockage accidents. The parameters are used as the drilling blockage-encountering model to be input, and a drilling multi-parameter early warning model with self-adaptive learning capability is constructed. Meanwhile, a drilling well blockage card severity grading model is constructed according to the lifting permission of the well site driller for processing the blockage card, and the severity of the blockage card is correctly evaluated. Finally, the on-site real-time data of the well drilling in the northwest area is used for proving that the model has the early warning capability of the well drilling encountering blockage with higher accuracy.
In addition, another embodiment is provided. Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a drilling encounter choke severity early warning system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, the system includes a blockage early warning model building module 51, which obtains historical logging data of drilling blockage events in a target block, analyzes the data to determine key drilling parameters affecting the probability of the drilling blockage accidents, and builds a drilling blockage early warning model based on the parameters; the blockage-occurring card state analysis module 53 is used for acquiring real-time logging data of field drilling in the target block, performing blockage-occurring card state analysis on key drilling parameter data which influence the probability of occurrence of a drilling blockage-occurring card accident in the real-time logging data by using a drilling blockage-occurring card early warning model, and judging whether the current drilling needs early warning or not; and a grading early warning module 55, which judges the severity of the current drilling encountering blockage card by using a preset grading early warning model of the severity of the encountering blockage card, and performs early warning processing, wherein the grading early warning model of the severity of the encountering blockage card is a grading early warning rule of the severity of the encountering blockage card, which is set according to an upgrade limit value of the well site driller on the processing of the encountering blockage card.
Through reasonable setting, each module of the system may respectively execute steps S110 to S130 of the method embodiment, and details are not described again.
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments of the invention are not limited to the particular structures, process steps, or steps disclosed herein, but extend to equivalents thereof as would be understood by those skilled in the relevant art. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A graded early warning method for severity of drilling blockage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring historical logging data of drilling blockage accident occurrence in a target block, analyzing the data to determine key drilling parameters influencing the drilling blockage accident occurrence probability, and constructing a drilling blockage early warning model based on the parameters;
acquiring real-time logging data of field drilling in the target block, and performing blockage-caused condition analysis on key drilling parameter data influencing the probability of occurrence of drilling blockage-caused accidents in the real-time logging data by using a drilling blockage-caused condition early warning model to judge whether the current drilling needs early warning or not; and
and judging the severity of the current drilling encountering blockage by using a preset grading early warning model of the severity of the encountering blockage, and performing early warning treatment, wherein the grading early warning model of the severity of the encountering blockage is a grading early warning rule of the severity of the encountering blockage, which is set according to an ascending authority limit value of the driller in the well field for the treatment of the encountering blockage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining key drilling parameters that affect the probability of the occurrence of the drilling stuck event comprises:
preprocessing the historical logging data;
analyzing the drilling parameter curve change characteristics corresponding to the processed data and the correlation of the multi-drilling parameter curve change trend;
based on an amplitude-frequency response principle and an analysis result, key drilling parameters influencing the occurrence probability of the drilling encountering blockage accident are excavated, wherein the key drilling parameters comprise hook load fluctuation frequency and fluctuation amplitude, torque fluctuation amplitude, average torque change rate and average vertical and horizontal press change rate.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in the step of determining whether the current well is to be pre-warned,
judging whether the abnormal phenomenon of the torque occurs or not according to the torque amplitude or the average change rate of the torque and judging whether the abnormal phenomenon of the vertical pressing occurs or not according to the average change rate of the vertical pressing;
when the vertical pressure abnormality or the torque abnormality occurs, whether the fluctuation frequency and the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load reach critical values or not in a set time window is judged, if so, the early warning condition of the encountering and blocking is judged to be met, and the early warning of the encountering and blocking is required.
4. The method for pre-warning the severity of a downhole distress card according to claim 3, wherein in the step of determining whether a standing pressure anomaly or a torque anomaly occurs,
under the drilling working condition, if the average vertical flattening pressure change rate reaches the threshold value of the average vertical flattening pressure change rate within a set time window, judging that the vertical flattening pressure is abnormal;
under the drilling working condition or the reaming working condition, if the rotating speed reaches the rotating speed threshold value, and the average torque change rate reaches the average torque change rate threshold value or the torque amplitude reaches the torque amplitude threshold value in a set time window, the torque is judged to be abnormal.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the encounter severity grade pre-warning model comprises:
in the set time window, whether the following set conditions are met is judged:
if the fluctuation range of the hook load is less than or equal to the first upgrade authority limit value, judging that the hook load belongs to the hanging resistance operation and does not belong to the encountering resistance card;
if the fluctuation range of the hook load is larger than the first lifting right limit value and smaller than or equal to the second lifting right limit value, executing low-grade drilling blockage early warning;
if the fluctuation range of the hook load in the front and rear time windows is larger than the second lifting right limit value and smaller than or equal to the third lifting right limit value, executing middle-grade drilling blockage pre-warning;
if the fluctuation range of the hook load in the front and rear time windows is larger than a third right lifting limit value, executing advanced drilling blockage early warning;
and the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load in the front time window and the rear time window is the difference value between the peak value of the hook load in the current time window and the normal hook load value.
6. A system for early warning of the severity of a stuck condition in a well, the system comprising:
the encounter and blockage early warning model building module is used for obtaining historical logging data of drilling encounter and blockage events in a target block, analyzing the historical logging data to determine key drilling parameters influencing the probability of the drilling encounter and blockage events, and building a drilling encounter and blockage early warning model based on the parameters;
the blockage-occurring card state analysis module is used for acquiring real-time logging data of field drilling in the target block, performing blockage-occurring card state analysis on key drilling parameter data which influence the probability of occurrence of a drilling blockage-occurring card accident in the real-time logging data by using a drilling blockage-occurring card early warning model, and judging whether the current drilling needs early warning or not; and
and the graded early warning module judges the severity of the current drilling encountering blockage card by utilizing a preset graded early warning model of the severity of the encountering blockage card and performs early warning processing, wherein the graded early warning model of the severity of the encountering blockage card is a graded early warning rule of the severity of the encountering blockage card, which is set according to an authority-raising limit value of the driller in the well field for the processing of the encountering blockage card.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the encounter card early warning model building module is further configured to:
preprocessing the historical logging data;
analyzing the drilling parameter curve change characteristics corresponding to the processed data and the relevance of the multi-drilling parameter curve change trend;
based on an amplitude-frequency response principle and an analysis result, key drilling parameters influencing the occurrence probability of drilling encountering stuck accidents are excavated, wherein the key drilling parameters comprise hook load fluctuation frequency and fluctuation amplitude, torque fluctuation amplitude, average torque change rate and average vertical and horizontal pressure change rate.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the encounter stuck condition analysis module is further configured to:
judging whether the abnormal torque phenomenon occurs or not according to the torque amplitude or the average torque change rate and judging whether the abnormal vertical pressure phenomenon occurs or not according to the average vertical pressure change rate on the basis of the drilling blockage early warning model;
when the vertical pressure abnormality or the torque abnormality occurs, whether the fluctuation frequency and the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load reach critical values or not in a set time window is judged, if so, the early warning condition of the encountering and blocking is judged to be met, and the early warning of the encountering and blocking is required.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the encounter stuck condition analysis module is further configured to:
under the drilling working condition, if the average vertical flattening pressure change rate reaches the threshold value of the average vertical flattening pressure change rate within a set time window, judging that the vertical flattening pressure is abnormal;
under the drilling working condition or the reaming working condition, if the rotating speed reaches the rotating speed threshold value, the average torque change rate reaches the average torque change rate threshold value or the torque amplitude reaches the torque amplitude threshold value in a set time window, the torque is judged to be abnormal.
10. The system of claim 6, wherein the encounter card severity rating pre-warning model comprises:
in the set time window, whether the following set conditions are met is judged:
if the fluctuation range of the hook load is less than or equal to the first upgrade authority limit value, judging that the hook load belongs to the hanging resistance operation and does not belong to the encountering resistance card;
if the fluctuation range of the hook load is larger than the first lifting right limit value and smaller than or equal to the second lifting right limit value, executing low-grade drilling blockage early warning;
if the fluctuation range of the hook load in the front and rear time windows is larger than the second lifting right limit value and smaller than or equal to the third lifting right limit value, executing middle-grade drilling blockage pre-warning;
if the fluctuation range of the hook load in the front and rear time windows is larger than a third right lifting limit value, executing advanced drilling blockage early warning;
and the fluctuation amplitude of the hook load in the front time window and the rear time window is the difference value between the peak value of the hook load in the current time window and the normal hook load value.
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