CN114967131A - Self-calibration multi-optical-axis imaging system with wave front shaping function and imaging method thereof - Google Patents
Self-calibration multi-optical-axis imaging system with wave front shaping function and imaging method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-calibration multi-optical-axis imaging system with wave front shaping and an imaging method thereof, wherein the imaging system comprises a laser, a first beam splitter prism, a reference light reflection structure, a spatial light modulator, a two-dimensional galvanometer, an optical fiber coupling system, a coherent optical fiber bundle, a semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, a third beam splitter prism, a fourth beam splitter prism, a camera and an avalanche photodetector; before scanning and imaging, a spatial light modulator modulates a light beam to enable the light beam to only pass through one fiber core of a coherent optical fiber beam, the fiber core light beam and a reference light beam form interference fringes at a camera after being reflected by a semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, and the reflected light phase of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror is obtained through holographic measurement; and during scanning imaging, loading the conjugate phase of the obtained phase to the spatial light modulator, and performing point-by-point compensation on the incident wave surface. The imaging system can perform tomography scanning on the object to be detected at a video rate, and a three-dimensional image is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical systems, and particularly relates to an imaging system.
Background
In recent years, with the advent of technologies such as optimizing the wavefront of incident light, sample reflection/transmission matrix measurement, and time reversal using spatial light modulators, many novel technologies for imaging and focusing through scattering media have been proposed, including wavefront shaping technology, which is a promising optical field regulation and control technology. It may be used to achieve refocusing or imaging of light transmitted through a scattering medium by modulating the amplitude or phase of the incident light wavefront. The wave front shaping technology has the greatest advantages that the wave front shaping technology can be applied to thick strong scattering media, and the light focusing point obtained through algorithm optimization has super-diffraction limit resolution, and can reach the nanometer level. To date, a great number of new applications of wavefront shaping technology have been introduced under research and study by numerous scholars, such as optical capture, super-resolution imaging, endoscopy, cryptography, photodynamic therapy, optogenetics, and optical communication. In the field of wavefront shaping research, continuous improvement of light control performance has been the goal of researchers' efforts.
In order to prevent the deviation between the scanning end retroreflecting light beam and the staring end receiving optical axis in the imaging system so as to ensure that the staring end receives insufficient light energy, the specific direction of the light beam can be realized by using a method of splitting and combining the light beams by using an optical component. The optical assembly is subjected to corresponding posture change under the influence of external factors, so that relative change of optical axes, namely coaxiality error, is caused. In which the coaxiality error caused by the on-track temperature change can be calibrated on the on-track by designing a self-calibration function. In recent years, a new imaging method has been the use of a double coated rotary pullback fiber imaging catheter, but since this technique is an image formed by a disposable fiber tip scan, no time resolved image sequence can be collected. The introduction of a 2D galvanometer scanner and adaptive lenses enabled 3D scanning. The phase is measured by an interferometer, and a holographic multi-optical-axis imaging system occupying a smaller space can be realized. And the multi-optical-axis system is designed to be combined with the spatial light modulator, and a self-calibration function can be realized by utilizing a digital optical phase conjugation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-calibration multi-optical-axis imaging system with wave front shaping and an imaging method thereof, and solves the technical problems of wave front shaping and quick scanning.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a self-calibration multi-optical-axis imaging system with wave front shaping comprises a laser, a first light splitting prism, a reference light reflection structure, a spatial light modulator, a two-dimensional galvanometer, an optical fiber coupling system, a coherent optical fiber bundle, a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror, a third light splitting prism, a fourth light splitting prism, a camera and an avalanche photodetector; laser emitted by the laser is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam by a first light splitting prism, wherein the first light beam is an imaging light beam, and the second light beam is a reference light beam; the second light beam is reflected by the reference light reflecting structure, passes through the third light splitting prism and the fourth light splitting prism and enters the camera; the first light beam sequentially passes through the spatial light modulator, the two-dimensional vibrating mirror, the third beam splitter prism, the optical fiber coupling system and the coherent optical fiber beam and then is emitted to the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, and after being reflected by the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, the first light beam returns to the third beam splitter prism in the original path, and after passing through the third beam splitter prism, the first light beam and the second light beam are combined and jointly enter the camera; the object to be detected is positioned behind the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, fluorescent particles are adhered to the surface of the object to be detected, the first light beam irradiates the object to be detected to excite fluorescence after being transmitted by the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, and the fluorescence enters the avalanche photodetector after passing through the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, the coherent optical fiber bundle, the optical fiber coupling system and the third light splitting prism and then being reflected by the fourth light splitting prism.
The laser is a CW laser, and an adaptive lens is arranged behind the laser.
And a first reflector and a beam expanding collimation structure are sequentially arranged between the adaptive lens and the reference light reflection structure, and the first reflector is used for folding the light path.
The reference light reflection structure comprises a second reflection mirror, a second light splitting prism and a third reflection mirror which are arranged in sequence, the second reflection mirror deflects a second light beam reflected by the first light splitting prism, so that the second light beam is parallel to the first light beam, the deflected second light beam is emitted to the third reflection mirror through the second light splitting prism, and the third reflection mirror is vertically arranged on a light path.
The beam expanding and collimating structure comprises a first lens and a second lens.
A4 f system is arranged between the spatial light modulator and the two-dimensional galvanometer, and the 4f system comprises a third lens, a diaphragm and a fourth lens.
And a sixth lens is arranged between the third beam splitter prism and the optical fiber coupling system, and the sixth lens and the optical fiber coupling system form a 4f system.
And a fifth lens is arranged between the fourth light splitting prism and the avalanche photodetector and is used for focusing and imaging.
Further, a filter is arranged between the fifth lens and the avalanche photodetector, and the filter only allows fluorescence to pass through.
A scanning imaging method uses the self-calibration multi-optical-axis imaging system with wave front shaping, before scanning imaging, a spatial light modulator is used for modulating light beams to enable the light beams to only pass through one fiber core of a coherent optical fiber beam, after the fiber core light beams are reflected by a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror, interference fringes are formed at a camera with reference light beams, the camera collects the interference fringes, and the phase of the reflected waves of the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror is obtained through holographic measurement; and during scanning imaging, loading the conjugate phase of the obtained phase to a spatial light modulator, and performing point-by-point compensation on an incident wave surface to enable laser to form a better focusing effect after the optical fiber bundle.
Advantageous effects
1. The invention uses a 2D galvanometer scanner and a self-adaptive lens to realize the transverse and axial movement of the focus, thereby realizing the rapid scanning.
2. The invention realizes the transmission of optical signals by using coherent optical fiber bundles. The coherent fiber bundle acts simultaneously as a remote phased array, which behaves like a diffractive optical element with hexagonal apertures, the pitch of which corresponds to the fiber pitch.
3. The invention adopts a wave front shaping technology based on digital phase conjugation. The phase of coherent fiber bundle distortion is measured through coaxial holography, and a spatial light modulator is used for loading conjugate phase to perform point-by-point compensation on an incident wave surface, so that laser forms a better focusing effect after the fiber bundle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of digital optical phase conjugation and in-situ calibration of a virtual guide.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the imaging system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention provides a self-calibrating multi-optical-axis imaging system with wavefront shaping, which is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. It is to be noted that the drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale, and are merely intended to clearly illustrate the components and optical paths of the system and to aid in the description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of digital optical phase conjugation and in-situ calibration of a virtual guide. The structure comprises a camera 101, a beam splitter prism 102, a coherent optical fiber bundle 104 and a reflecting surface 106, wherein 107 is a virtual guide star, 103 is an optical fiber near-end surface, and 105 is an optical fiber far-end surface. And detecting the phase of the light near the optical fiber, and performing in-situ calibration. A core is selected at the proximal end of the bundle and the beam is directed to the distal end of the bundle. The beam diverges to impinge on reflecting surface 106, and light is reflected by reflecting surface 106 into coherent fiber bundle 104, where the reflected light can be considered to originate from the position of the virtual guide star. The phase of the reflected light is measured using on-axis holography, i.e. the reflected light and the reference beam are received by the camera 101. The conjugate phase of the phase is loaded on a spatial light modulator, and the modulated light beam enters an optical fiber according to an optical phase conjugation principle that phase conjugate waves are equivalent to time reversal waves, travels reversely along the track of the reflected light and focuses on the position of a virtual guide star, so that the light beam phase calibration is realized. According to the optical imaging principle, when the reflecting surface 106 is placed at 105150 μm from the far end surface of the coherent optical fiber bundle, the distance from the back end surface 105 of the coherent optical fiber bundle to the virtual guide star is 300 μm.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-calibrating multi-optical-axis imaging system with wavefront shaping according to the present invention. The system comprises a laser 1, an adaptive lens 2, a first plane mirror 3, a first lens 4, a second lens 5, a two-dimensional vibrating mirror 6, a third lens 7, a first beam splitter prism 8, an iris diaphragm 9, a second plane mirror 10, a second beam splitter prism 11, a third plane mirror 12, a spatial light modulator 13, a fourth lens 14, a third beam splitter prism 15, a fourth beam splitter prism 16, a camera 17, a fifth lens 18, an optical filter 19, an avalanche photodiode 20, a sixth lens 21, a spatial light-optical fiber coupling system 22, a coherent optical fiber bundle 23 and a half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror 24. And 25 is an analyte.
The laser 1 is a CW laser with green light at a wavelength of 532 nm. The laser emits laser light through the adaptive lens 2. The adaptive lens 2 is a lens with adjustable focal length, and changes the axial position of the system focus by bending the optical wavefront. After the adaptive lens 2, laser is bent by 90 degrees through the first plane reflector 3, expanded through the first lens (beam expanding lens) 4, and collimated by the second lens (collimating lens) 5 to become parallel light. The laser light enters the first beam splitter prism 8 and is split into two parallel beams perpendicular to each other. The beam perpendicular to the original propagation direction of the laser beam is denoted as beam a (the second beam, which is the reference beam), and the beam still along the propagation direction of the original laser beam is denoted as beam b (the first beam, which is the imaging beam). After the beam a is incident on the second plane mirror 10, it is deflected by 90 °, and the propagation direction becomes the same as that of the beam b. The light beam a enters the second beam splitter prism 11, is transmitted out, is reflected by the plane mirror 12, returns in the original path, is deflected by 90 degrees by the second beam splitter prism 11, passes through the third beam splitter prism 15 and the fourth beam splitter prism 16, and is captured by the camera 17. The beam a serves as a reference light in holographic measurement.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the first mirror, the second beam splitting prism and the third mirror may be regarded as a reference light reflection structure, and the structure is not limited to the above-mentioned manner, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that other forms may be adopted as long as the deflection of the reference light beam is realized to form an interference light path together with the imaging light beam.
The light beam b leaves the first beam splitter prism 8 and is reflected by the spatial light modulator 13. The light beam b passes through a 4f system consisting of a fourth lens 14, an iris 9 and a third lens 7, is deflected by a two-dimensional galvanometer 6 and returns to the initial propagation direction of the light beam b. The iris 9 is used to remove high diffraction orders of light. The light beam b is deflected from the two-dimensional galvanometer 6, then passes through a third beam splitter prism 15, a 4f system consisting of a sixth lens 21 and an optical fiber coupling system 22, and enters the near end surface of a coherent optical fiber bundle 23. And the spatial light modulator 13 and the two-dimensional galvanometer 6 are imaged to the near end face of the optical fiber bundle through two 4f systems.
The light beam b is transmitted through an optical fiber and enters the half mirror 24. The spatial light modulator is used for modulating light beams to enable the light beams to pass through only one fiber core (the position of a virtual guide star can be obtained according to the position), after the light beams are reflected by the semi-transparent half-reflecting mirror 24, reflected waves interfere with reference light a after passing through the third light splitting prism 15 and the fourth light splitting prism 16, interference fringes are collected by a camera, and the phase of the reflected waves is obtained through holographic measurement. And loading the conjugate phase of the obtained phase to a spatial light modulator, and performing point-by-point compensation on the incident wave surface.
The light modulated by the spatial light modulator enters the optical fiber, passes through the half mirror 24, and is focused on the position of the virtual guide star. The focal position can be changed within a certain range by the two-dimensional galvanometer 6 and the adaptive lens 2. An object to be measured 25 is placed at the virtual guide star position, and as shown in fig. 1, the distance between the object to be measured 25 and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 24 is approximately the same as the distance between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 24 and the rear end face of the coherent optical fiber bundle 23. Fluorescent particles are adhered to the surface of the object 25 to be measured. The transmitted laser light excites fluorescence, the fluorescence is transmitted back through a coherent optical fiber bundle 23, passes through an optical fiber coupling system 22 and a sixth lens 21, is reflected twice through a third beam splitter prism 15 and a fourth beam splitter prism 16, and is focused through a fifth lens 18. A filter is placed behind the fifth lens 18, which only allows the fluorescence to pass through, and the fluorescence is received by the avalanche photodiode after passing through the filter 19. And synthesizing a 3D image of the object to be measured by recording and collecting the position data of the focus and the brightness values measured by the avalanche diode.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a scanning imaging method, using the self-calibration multi-optic axis imaging system with wavefront shaping, before scanning imaging, modulating a light beam by a spatial light modulator to make the light beam pass through only one fiber core of a coherent optical fiber bundle, after the fiber core light beam is reflected by a semi-transparent semi-reflector, forming an interference fringe with a reference light beam at a camera, and acquiring the interference fringe by the camera, and obtaining a reflected light phase of the semi-transparent semi-reflector through holographic measurement; and during scanning imaging, loading the conjugate phase of the obtained phase to the spatial light modulator, and performing point-by-point compensation on an incident wave surface, so that the laser forms a better focusing effect after the optical fiber bundle.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A self-calibration multi-optical-axis imaging system with wave front shaping is characterized by comprising a laser, a first beam splitter prism, a reference light reflection structure, a spatial light modulator, a two-dimensional galvanometer, an optical fiber coupling system, a coherent optical fiber bundle, a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror, a third beam splitter prism, a fourth beam splitter prism, a camera and an avalanche photodetector; laser emitted by the laser is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam by a first light splitting prism, wherein the first light beam is an imaging light beam, and the second light beam is a reference light beam; the second light beam is reflected by the reference light reflecting structure, passes through the third light splitting prism and the fourth light splitting prism and enters the camera; the first light beam sequentially passes through the spatial light modulator, the two-dimensional vibrating mirror, the third beam splitter prism, the optical fiber coupling system and the coherent optical fiber beam and then is emitted to the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, and after being reflected by the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, the first light beam returns to the third beam splitter prism in the original path, and after passing through the third beam splitter prism, the first light beam and the second light beam are combined and jointly enter the camera; the object to be detected is positioned behind the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, fluorescent particles are adhered to the surface of the object to be detected, the first light beam irradiates the object to be detected to excite fluorescence after being transmitted by the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, and the fluorescence enters the avalanche photodetector after passing through the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, the coherent optical fiber bundle, the optical fiber coupling system and the third light splitting prism and then being reflected by the fourth light splitting prism.
2. The self-calibrating multi-optic axis imaging system with wavefront shaping of claim 1 wherein the laser is a CW laser with an adaptive lens disposed behind the laser.
3. The self-calibrating multi-optic axis imaging system with wavefront shaping of claim 2, wherein a first reflector and a beam expanding and collimating structure are sequentially arranged between the adaptive lens and the first beam splitter prism, and the first reflector is used for bending the optical path.
4. The self-calibrating multi-optic axis imaging system with wavefront shaping of claim 1, wherein the reference light reflecting structure comprises a second reflecting mirror, a second beam splitter prism and a third reflecting mirror arranged in sequence, the second reflecting mirror deflects the second light beam reflected by the first beam splitter prism so that the second light beam is parallel to the first light beam, the deflected second light beam is directed to the third reflecting mirror through the second beam splitter prism, and the third reflecting mirror is vertically arranged on the light path.
5. The self-calibrating multi-optic axis imaging system with wavefront shaping of claim 3, wherein the beam expanding collimating structure comprises a first lens and a second lens.
6. The self-calibrating multi-optic axis imaging system with wavefront shaping of claim 1 wherein a 4f system is disposed between the spatial light modulator and the two-dimensional galvanometer, the 4f system comprising a third lens, an aperture stop and a fourth lens.
7. The self-calibrating multi-optic axis imaging system with wavefront shaping of claim 1, further comprising a sixth lens between the third beam splitter prism and the fiber coupling system, wherein the sixth lens and the fiber coupling system form a 4f system.
8. The self-calibrating multi-optic axis imaging system with wavefront shaping of claim 1, wherein a fifth lens is further disposed between the fourth beam splitter prism and the avalanche photodetector for focusing imaging.
9. The self-calibrating multi-optic axis imaging system with wavefront shaping of claim 8, wherein a filter is disposed between the fifth lens and the avalanche photodetector, the filter allowing only fluorescence to pass.
10. A scanning imaging method, wherein the self-calibration multi-optic-axis imaging system with wavefront shaping as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, before scanning imaging, the spatial light modulator is used to modulate the light beam to make it pass through only one fiber core of the coherent optical fiber bundle, after the fiber core light beam is reflected by the half-transmitting half-reflecting mirror, the fiber core light beam and the reference light beam form interference fringes at the camera, the camera collects the interference fringes, and the phase of the reflected wave of the half-transmitting half-reflecting mirror is obtained through holographic measurement; and during scanning imaging, loading the conjugate phase of the obtained phase to the spatial light modulator, and performing point-by-point compensation on the incident wave surface.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116608792A (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-08-18 | 广东普洛宇飞生物科技有限公司 | Wavefront interferometry system and method |
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