CN114965694A - Porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signal - Google Patents
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/12—Analysing solids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
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Abstract
The invention provides a porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signals, which comprises the following steps: s1, constructing insulator strings with different defect types; s2, measuring the porcelain insulator string through an ultrasonic measuring instrument to obtain ultrasonic time domain signals of porcelain insulator pieces with different defect types; s3, processing the ultrasonic time domain signal to obtain the characteristic frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic time domain signal; s4, constructing a defect type database of the ultrasonic signal of the defective porcelain insulator; s5, carrying out ultrasonic measurement on the porcelain insulator sheet to be measured to obtain an ultrasonic measurement time domain signal of the porcelain insulator sheet to be measured; s6, processing the ultrasonic time domain signal to obtain the characteristic frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic time domain signal; and S7, comparing the time-frequency characteristic quantity of the porcelain insulator piece to be detected with a database, and judging the defect type of the porcelain insulator. The method can judge the defect type of the porcelain insulator and realize effective detection of the porcelain insulator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of porcelain insulators of electric power systems, in particular to a porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signals.
Background
The porcelain insulator is widely applied to high-voltage transmission lines, not only plays a role in supporting transmission conductors, but also has an insulating effect on electric power. In the long-time operation process, the porcelain insulator can be influenced by environmental climate, chemical corrosion and the like, so that the tensile property of the porcelain insulator is reduced, cracks or air holes appear on the porcelain, and the like. In order to ensure the normal use of the porcelain insulator and the safe and reliable operation of a power grid system, the defects of the porcelain insulator need to be detected, and the detection of the defects of the porcelain insulator at present mainly comprises the steps of periodically inspecting in a manual mode and roughly judging to determine whether the porcelain insulator has the defects or not; or simply detecting by checking the insulation resistance value of the porcelain insulator, and the like: the existing detection means has low detection efficiency and long time consumption, and can not completely detect the defective porcelain insulator and has poor detection effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signals, which includes the steps:
s1, constructing porcelain insulator strings with different defect types;
s2, controlling the porcelain insulator string to work under a set operation voltage, and simultaneously measuring the porcelain insulator string through ultrasonic equipment to obtain ultrasonic time domain signals of the porcelain insulators with different defect types;
s3, processing the ultrasonic time domain signal to obtain characteristic data of the ultrasonic time domain signal, wherein the characteristic data comprises characteristic frequency and amplitude;
s4, obtaining a characteristic frequency range and an amplitude range corresponding to each defect type based on the obtained characteristic data, and correspondingly storing the defect type of the defective porcelain insulator and the corresponding characteristic frequency range and amplitude range to form a defect type database;
s5, controlling the porcelain insulator string to be tested to work under the set operating voltage, and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic measurement on the porcelain insulator to be tested through an ultrasonic measuring instrument to obtain an ultrasonic time domain signal of the porcelain insulator to be tested;
s6, processing the ultrasonic time domain signal to obtain the characteristic frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic time domain signal of the porcelain insulator to be detected;
s7, comparing the characteristic data of the ultrasonic signal of the porcelain insulator to be detected with a porcelain insulator defect type database, judging whether the characteristic frequency and the amplitude of the porcelain insulator to be detected are in the corresponding range in the database, and if so, taking the porcelain insulator defect type corresponding to the range as the defect type of the porcelain insulator to be detected; if not, the porcelain insulator to be tested has no defects.
Further, construct the porcelain insulator chain of different defects, specifically include:
s11, obtaining a defective porcelain insulator sheet;
s12, arranging the defective porcelain insulator pieces to different positions of the normal porcelain insulator string to obtain porcelain insulator strings with different defect types; wherein the defect types of the porcelain insulator pieces include: zero value, low value, surface cracks, breakage.
Further, step S12 specifically includes:
respectively arranging the defective porcelain insulator pieces to the high-voltage end, the medium-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the normal porcelain insulator string to obtain a porcelain insulator string with single defect;
and simultaneously arranging at least 2 defective porcelain insulator pieces to different positions of the normal porcelain insulator string to obtain the porcelain insulator string with combined defects.
Further, step S2 specifically includes:
s21, calibrating the ultrasonic detection instrument;
s22, applying corresponding operating voltage to the defective porcelain insulator string according to the set detection distance and the number of porcelain insulators in the defective porcelain insulator string, and sequentially measuring each porcelain insulator piece in the defective porcelain insulator string by using a calibrated ultrasonic detection instrument to obtain an ultrasonic time domain signal of each porcelain insulator piece;
and S23, repeating the step S22, and measuring each constructed porcelain insulator string.
Further, in step S3, the characteristic frequency and amplitude characteristics of the ultrasonic time domain signal are obtained by using a time-frequency analysis method of wavelet transform.
Further, the step S5 further includes:
and carrying out ultrasonic detection on the environment of the porcelain insulator to be detected by the calibrated ultrasonic detection instrument, and extracting the characteristic frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic signal of the environment around the porcelain insulator to be detected.
Further, step S7 specifically includes:
if the characteristic frequency and the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal of the porcelain insulator to be detected are within the range of the porcelain insulator defect type database and do not exist in the characteristic frequency and amplitude range of the surrounding environment of the porcelain insulator string to be detected, taking the defect type corresponding to the range as the defect type of the porcelain insulator to be detected; otherwise, the porcelain insulator to be tested has no defects.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings, in which:
the invention provides a porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signals, which comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing porcelain insulator strings with different defect types;
s2, controlling the porcelain insulator string to work under a set operation voltage, and simultaneously measuring the porcelain insulator string through ultrasonic equipment to obtain ultrasonic time domain signals of the porcelain insulators with different defect types;
s3, processing the ultrasonic time domain signal to obtain characteristic data of the ultrasonic time domain signal, wherein the characteristic data comprises characteristic frequency and amplitude;
s4, obtaining a characteristic frequency range and an amplitude range corresponding to each defect type based on the obtained characteristic data, and correspondingly storing the defect type of the defective porcelain insulator and the corresponding characteristic frequency range and amplitude range to form a defect type database;
s5, controlling the to-be-detected porcelain insulator string to work under a set operation voltage, and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic measurement on the to-be-detected porcelain insulator through an ultrasonic measuring instrument to obtain an ultrasonic time domain signal of the to-be-detected porcelain insulator;
s6, processing the ultrasonic time domain signal to obtain the characteristic frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic time domain signal of the porcelain insulator to be tested;
s7, comparing the characteristic data of the ultrasonic signal of the porcelain insulator to be detected with a porcelain insulator defect type database, judging whether the characteristic frequency and the amplitude of the porcelain insulator to be detected are in the corresponding range in the database, and if so, taking the porcelain insulator defect type corresponding to the range as the defect type of the porcelain insulator to be detected; if not, the porcelain insulator to be tested has no defects.
In this embodiment, the construction of the porcelain insulator string with different defects specifically includes:
s11, obtaining defective porcelain insulator pieces; the method comprises the following steps that firstly, ceramic insulator pieces with defects are taken back from an actual operating line, and the taken-back ceramic insulator pieces are XP-70 type standard ceramic insulators hung on a 110kV line;
s12, arranging the defective porcelain insulator pieces to different positions of the normal porcelain insulator string to obtain porcelain insulator strings with different defect types; wherein the defect types of the porcelain insulator pieces comprise: zero value, low value, surface cracks, breakage. The above arrangement may be performed in a laboratory;
further, step S12 specifically includes:
respectively arranging the defective porcelain insulator pieces to a high-voltage end, a medium-voltage end and a low-voltage end of a normal porcelain insulator string to obtain a porcelain insulator string with a single defect; for the XP-70 standard porcelain insulator string, respectively arranging 1 defective porcelain insulator piece to the high-voltage end, the medium-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the porcelain insulator string consisting of other normal 6 porcelain insulator pieces (at the moment, 7 insulators are counted in the insulator string);
and simultaneously arranging at least 2 defective porcelain insulator pieces to different positions of the normal porcelain insulator string to obtain the porcelain insulator string with combined defects. Wherein, the arrangement positions of at least 2 ceramic insulator pieces with defects can be set according to the actual defect types in a simulation mode.
In this embodiment, the step S2 specifically includes:
s21, calibrating the ultrasonic detection instrument; the detection instrument is an ultrasonic measurement instrument, and parameters such as gain, sensitivity and the like of the detection instrument are adjusted to be consistent with a standard value, so that the calibration of the ultrasonic signal measurement instrument is realized;
s22, sequentially measuring each porcelain insulator piece in the defective porcelain insulator string by using a calibrated ultrasonic measuring instrument according to the set detection distance to obtain an ultrasonic time domain signal of each porcelain insulator piece; during detection, applying corresponding operating voltage to the defective porcelain insulator string according to the number of the porcelain insulators in the defective porcelain insulator string; in this embodiment, the set detection distance is 10 m; the number of porcelain insulators in the defective porcelain insulator string is 7, the line voltage corresponding to the voltage grade is 110kV, and the model of the porcelain insulator is XP-70, so that the applied phase voltage is XP-70
And S23, repeating the step S22, and measuring each constructed porcelain insulator string.
In this embodiment, in step S3, the characteristic frequency and amplitude characteristics of the ultrasonic time domain signal are obtained by using a time-frequency analysis method of wavelet transform.
In this embodiment, the step S4 specifically includes:
obtaining a characteristic frequency range and an amplitude range corresponding to each defect type based on the obtained characteristic data, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
zero value: characteristic frequency: x 1 ～X 2
Amplitude value: y is 1 ～Y 2
Low value: characteristic frequency: x 3 ～X 4
Amplitude value: y is 3 ～Y 4
Surface cracking: characteristic frequency: x 5 ～X 6
Amplitude value: y is 5 ～Y 6
And (3) breakage: characteristic frequency: x 7 ～X 8
Amplitude value: y is 7 ～Y 8；
And correspondingly storing the defect type of the defective porcelain insulator, the corresponding characteristic frequency range and amplitude range to form a defect type database, wherein the range of the characteristic data of various defects is determined according to the existing mode, such as an empirical method.
In this embodiment, the step S5 specifically includes:
s51, calibrating the ultrasonic detection instrument; wherein the detection instrument is an ultrasonic measuring instrument, and similarly, the ultrasonic measuring instrument is calibrated according to the method of the step S21;
s52, sequentially measuring each porcelain insulator piece in the defective porcelain insulator string by using the calibrated ultrasonic measuring instrument according to the set detection distance to obtain an ultrasonic time domain signal of each porcelain insulator piece; during detection, applying corresponding operating voltage to the defective porcelain insulator string according to the number of the porcelain insulators in the defective porcelain insulator string; in the embodiment, the set detection distance is 10m, the ceramic insulator string to be detected is a ceramic insulator string on an actual operation line, and each ceramic insulator piece in a 7-piece XP-70 type ceramic insulator string with the voltage class of 110kV in actual operation is measured successively;
and S53, carrying out ultrasonic detection on the surrounding environment of the ceramic insulator string to be detected by using the calibrated detection instrument, and extracting the characteristic frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic signal of the surrounding environment of the ceramic insulator string to be detected.
In this embodiment, in step S6, the characteristic frequency and amplitude characteristics of the ultrasonic time domain signal are obtained by using a time-frequency analysis method of wavelet transform.
In this embodiment, the step S7 specifically includes:
if the ultrasonic signal characteristic frequency and the amplitude of the porcelain insulator to be detected are in the range of the porcelain insulator defect type database and do not exist in the characteristic frequency and amplitude range of the surrounding environment of the porcelain insulator string to be detected, the defect type corresponding to the range is used as the defect type of the porcelain insulator to be detected, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
if the characteristic frequency of the to-be-detected porcelain insulator sheet is X and the amplitude is Y through time-frequency analysis and does not exist in the characteristic frequency and amplitude range of the surrounding environment of the to-be-detected porcelain insulator string, then
When X belongs to [ X ] 1 ,X 2 ]And Y belongs to [ Y ∈ [ ] 1 ,Y 2 ]If so, the defect type of the porcelain insulator to be detected is zero;
when X belongs to [ X ] 3 ,X 4 ]And Y belongs to [ Y ∈ [ ] 3 ,Y 4 ]If so, the defect type of the porcelain insulator to be detected is a low value;
when X belongs to [ X ] 5 ,X 6 ]And Y belongs to [ Y ∈ [ ] 5 ,Y 6 ]Then, the defect type of the porcelain insulator to be detected is a surface crack;
when X belongs to [ X ] 7 ,X 8 ]And Y belongs to [ Y ∈ [ ] 7 ,Y 8 ]If so, judging that the defect type of the porcelain insulator to be detected is damaged;
and if the characteristic frequency and the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal of the porcelain insulator to be detected are not in the range of the porcelain insulator defect type database, the porcelain insulator to be detected has no defect.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signals is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing porcelain insulator strings with different defect types;
s2, controlling the insulator string to work under a set operation voltage, and simultaneously measuring the porcelain insulator string through ultrasonic equipment to obtain ultrasonic time domain signals of porcelain insulators with different defect types;
s3, processing the ultrasonic time domain signal to obtain characteristic data of the ultrasonic time domain signal, wherein the characteristic data comprises characteristic frequency and amplitude;
s4, obtaining a characteristic frequency range and an amplitude range corresponding to each defect type based on the obtained characteristic data, and correspondingly storing the defect type of the defective porcelain insulator and the corresponding characteristic frequency range and amplitude range to form a defect type database;
s5, controlling the porcelain insulator string to be tested to work under the set operating voltage, and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic measurement on the porcelain insulator to be tested through an ultrasonic measuring instrument to obtain an ultrasonic time domain signal of the porcelain insulator to be tested;
s6, processing the ultrasonic time domain signal to obtain the characteristic frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic time domain signal of the porcelain insulator to be tested;
s7, comparing the characteristic data of the ultrasonic signal of the porcelain insulator to be detected with a porcelain insulator defect type database, judging whether the characteristic frequency and the amplitude of the porcelain insulator to be detected are in the corresponding range in the database, and if so, taking the porcelain insulator defect type corresponding to the range as the defect type of the porcelain insulator to be detected; if not, the porcelain insulator to be tested has no defects.
2. The porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the porcelain insulator string with different defects is constructed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, obtaining a defective porcelain insulator sheet;
s12, arranging the defective porcelain insulator pieces to different positions of the normal porcelain insulator string to obtain porcelain insulator strings with different defect types; wherein the defect types of the porcelain insulator pieces comprise: zero value, low value, surface cracks, breakage.
3. The porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S12 specifically includes:
respectively arranging the defective porcelain insulator pieces to the high-voltage end, the medium-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the normal porcelain insulator string to obtain a porcelain insulator string with single defect;
and simultaneously arranging at least 2 defective porcelain insulator pieces to different positions of the normal porcelain insulator string to obtain the porcelain insulator string with combined defects.
4. The porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S2 specifically includes:
s21, calibrating the ultrasonic detection instrument;
s22, applying corresponding operating voltage to the defective porcelain insulator string according to the set detection distance and the number of porcelain insulators in the defective porcelain insulator string, and sequentially measuring each porcelain insulator piece in the defective porcelain insulator string by using a calibrated ultrasonic detection instrument to obtain an ultrasonic time domain signal of each porcelain insulator piece;
and S23, repeating the step S22, and measuring each constructed porcelain insulator string.
5. The porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the characteristic frequency and amplitude characteristics of the ultrasonic time domain signal are obtained by a time-frequency analysis method of wavelet transform.
6. The porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S5 further includes: and carrying out ultrasonic detection on the environment of the porcelain insulator to be detected by the calibrated ultrasonic detection instrument, and extracting the characteristic frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic signal of the environment around the porcelain insulator to be detected.
7. The porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultrasonic signals according to claim 6, characterized in that: the step S7 specifically includes:
if the characteristic frequency and the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal of the porcelain insulator to be detected are within the range of the porcelain insulator defect type database and do not exist in the characteristic frequency and amplitude range of the surrounding environment of the porcelain insulator string to be detected, taking the defect type corresponding to the range as the defect type of the porcelain insulator to be detected; otherwise, the porcelain insulator to be tested has no defects.
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2022
- 2022-05-25 CN CN202210576446.3A patent/CN114965694A/en active Pending
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