CN114965578A - Nitrogen-oxygen sensor probe, calibration circuit, calibration method and system - Google Patents
Nitrogen-oxygen sensor probe, calibration circuit, calibration method and system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular nitrogen;molecular oxygen Chemical compound N#N.O=O DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a nitrogen-oxygen sensor probe, a calibration circuit, a calibration method and a system, and relates to the field of sensor calibration. A calibration method of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor is provided based on the probe and the calibration circuit by optimizing the probe structure of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor and optimizing the calibration circuit according to the probe structure. Wherein in the calibration method, the test gas is standardized and O is increased 2 The concentration slope value of (2) can greatly improve the measurement precision, namely the calibration precision of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor probe can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sensor calibration, in particular to a nitrogen-oxygen sensor probe, a calibration circuit, a calibration method and a calibration system.
Background
The nitrogen-oxygen sensor is mainly used for a tail gas treatment system of a diesel engine, at least two nitrogen-oxygen sensors are arranged in a tail gas exhaust pipeline and are respectively arranged before ternary catalysis and after SCR (selective catalytic reduction), and front oxygen is used for detecting O of tail gas 2 The content and the NOx concentration are fed back to the ECU to be adjusted, and the back oxygen is used for detecting the working efficiency of the three-way catalysis and SCR. Therefore, the measurement accuracy of the NOx sensor is important for the vehicle aftertreatment system, and the NOx sensor is used for detecting O in the exhaust besides the concentration of NOx in the exhaust 2 The concentration of (c). Its function is to detect O 2 The concentration signal is transmitted to an ECU to control the fuel injection quantity of the engine and ensure the complete combustion of the sprayed diesel; in addition, a detected NOx concentration signal is transmitted to the ECU, urea is sprayed through the SCR system, NOx in the exhaust gas is neutralized, and the concentration of NOx in the exhaust gas meets the national VI standard.
The key points of the calibration of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor probe are that the concentration of the gas is determined, the slope values K0 and K2 are determined, and K0 represents O 2 The value of the slope of the concentration, K2 represents the value of the slope of the NOx concentration. In the prior art, the nitrogen-oxygen sensor is calibrated, and only the concentration slope value K2 of NOx is calibrated, while O 2 The concentration slope value K0 is a general slope value; in addition, for a given aspect of gas concentration, N is first adjusted by a gas flow meter 2 、NO、NO 2 And O 2 Of NOx and O 2 Is adjusted to a certain value, and then the existing gas NOx and O are measured by using the existing foreign nitrogen-oxygen sensor (with higher precision) as a standard part 2 Finally, the value of K2 is determined by adjusting the NOx concentration indicator to the same value as the standard by adjusting the value of K2. However, the calibration methods of the prior art not only do not allow a given gas concentration to be well defined, which easily leads to calibrationDetermining an error; and wherein O is 2 The concentration slope value K0 was determined based on the existing foreign nitroxide sensor as a standard (the general slope value adopted for K0), resulting in O 2 The concentration slope value of (a) may have a large error, so that the final calibration is easily subjected to a large interference error, and the final calibration accuracy is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nitrogen-oxygen sensor probe, a calibration circuit, a calibration method and a system, which can effectively improve the calibration precision of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor probe.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a nitrogen-oxygen sensor probe, which includes a ceramic main body, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a fourth electrode, a fifth electrode, a sixth electrode, and a seventh electrode, where the ceramic main body is provided with a test chamber and a reference chamber communicated with the outside, the test chamber includes a first chamber and a second chamber, the first chamber is communicated with the outside through a first diffusion channel, the first chamber is further connected with the second chamber through a second diffusion channel, a heating resistor is embedded in the ceramic main body, two ends of the heating resistor are respectively connected with the first electrode and the second electrode, the third electrode is disposed on an upper wall of the reference chamber, the fourth electrode is disposed on a lower wall of the second chamber, the fifth electrode is disposed on an upper wall of the second chamber, the sixth electrode is disposed on an upper wall of the first chamber, and the seventh electrode is disposed on an upper side wall of the ceramic main body.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a calibration circuit for a nitrogen oxygen sensor probe, including a first adjustable power supply Vs0, a second adjustable power supply Vs1, a third adjustable power supply Vs2, and a fourth adjustable power supply V HTR The first voltmeter V0, the second voltmeter V1, the third voltmeter V2, the first ammeter I0, the second ammeter I1 and the third ammeter I2;
one end of the first adjustable power supply Vs0 connected with the first ammeter I0 in series is connected with the seventh electrode, the other end is connected with the sixth electrode, one end of the second adjustable power supply Vs1 connected with the second ammeter I1 in series is connected with the seventh electrode, the other end is connected with the fifth electrode,one end of a third adjustable power supply Vs2 connected with a third ammeter I2 in series is connected with the seventh electrode, the other end is connected with the fourth electrode, and a fourth adjustable power supply V HTR One end of the first voltmeter V0 is connected with the sixth electrode, the other end of the first voltmeter V0 is connected with the third electrode, one end of the second voltmeter V1 is connected with the third electrode, the other end of the second voltmeter V1 is connected with the fifth electrode, one end of the third voltmeter V2 is connected with the third electrode, and the other end of the third voltmeter V2 is connected with the fourth electrode.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a calibration method for a probe of a nitrogen oxygen sensor, including the following steps:
introducing air into the test chamber, and controlling the heating circuit to work;
sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a first preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a second preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a third preset value to obtain a first current value of the first ammeter I0 and a second current value of the second ammeter I2;
the test chamber was charged with 60ppm NOx and 3% O 2 Sequentially adjusting the second adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a fourth preset value, the third adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a fifth preset value and the first adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a sixth preset value to obtain a third current value of the first ammeter I0 and a fourth current value of the second ammeter I2;
introducing NOx with the concentration of 500ppm and O with the concentration of 9% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a seventh preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach an eighth preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a ninth preset value to obtain a fifth current value of the first ammeter I0 and a sixth current value of the second ammeter I2;
the test chamber was charged with 1500ppm NOx and 15% O 2 Sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a tenth preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach an eleventh preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a twelfth preset value to obtain a seventh current value of the first ammeter I0 and an eighth current value of the second ammeter I2;
using the first, third, fifth, and seventh current values and the corresponding O 2 Generating a first fold line graph by using the concentration values, acquiring a first slope K0 corresponding to the first fold line graph, generating a second fold line graph by using the second current value, the fourth current value, the sixth current value, the eighth current value and the corresponding concentration values of NOx, and acquiring a second slope K2 corresponding to the second fold line graph;
the sensor is calibrated with a first slope K0 and a second slope K2.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first preset value, the fourth preset value, the seventh preset value and the tenth preset value are all the same value, the second preset value, the fifth preset value, the eighth preset value and the eleventh preset value are all the same value, and the third preset value, the sixth preset value, the ninth preset value and the twelfth preset value are all the same value.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first, fourth, seventh and tenth preset values are 300mV, the second, fifth, eighth and eleventh preset values are 380 mV, 450mV, and the third, sixth, ninth and twelfth preset values are 500mV, 250 mV.
In some embodiments of the invention, the heating resistor has a value ranging from 3.2 Ω to 3.8 Ω, and the fourth adjustable power supply V is connected to the power supply HTR The value range of (A) is 8.8V-9.8V.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of introducing air into the test chamber and controlling the heating circuit to operate specifically includes:
introducing air into the test chamber;
selecting a fourth adjustable power supply V according to the size of the heating resistor HTR When the value of the current flowing through the heating resistor does not fluctuate any more, the next step is performed.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a calibration system for a probe of a nitrogen oxygen sensor, which includes:
the pretreatment module is used for introducing air into the test chamber and controlling the heating circuit to work;
the first obtaining module is used for sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a first preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a second preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a third preset value to obtain a first current value of the first ammeter I0 and a second current value of the second ammeter I2;
a second acquisition module for introducing NOx with the concentration of 60ppm and O with the concentration of 3% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the second adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a fourth preset value, the third adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a fifth preset value and the first adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a sixth preset value to obtain a third current value of the first ammeter I0 and a fourth current value of the second ammeter I2;
a third acquisition module for introducing NOx with the concentration of 500ppm and O with the concentration of 9% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a seventh preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach an eighth preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a ninth preset value to obtain a fifth current value of the first ammeter I0 and a sixth current value of the second ammeter I2;
a fourth acquisition module for introducing NOx with a concentration of 1500ppm and O with a concentration of 15% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a tenth preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach an eleventh preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a twelfth preset value to obtain a seventh current value of the first ammeter I0 and an eighth current value of the second ammeter I2;
a slope generation module to utilize the first, third, fifth, and seventh current values and corresponding O 2 The first curve diagram is generated, the first slope K0 corresponding to the first curve diagram is obtained, and the second current value, the fourth current value, the sixth current value, the eighth current value and the corresponding O are used 2 Generating a second fold line graph according to the concentration value, and acquiring a second slope K2 corresponding to the second fold line graph;
and the calibration module is used for calibrating the sensor by using the first slope K0 and the second slope K2.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory for storing one or more programs; a processor. The one or more programs, when executed by the processor, implement the method as described in any of the first aspects above.
In a sixth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, the computer program, when executed by a processor, implementing the method as described in any one of the above first aspects.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
in the examples of the present invention, the test gas was standardized and O was increased 2 The concentration slope value of (2) can greatly improve the measurement precision, namely the calibration precision of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor probe can be effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a probe of a nitroxide sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a calibration circuit of a probe of a nitrogen oxygen sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for calibrating a probe of a nitrogen oxygen sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first slope K0 calibration result of a test piece 1 calibrated by using the calibration method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the calibration result of the second slope K2 of the test piece 1 calibrated by the calibration method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the calibration result of the first slope K0 of the test piece 2 calibrated by the calibration method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the calibration result of the second slope K2 of the test piece 2 calibrated by the calibration method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the calibration result of the first slope K0 of the test piece 3 calibrated by the calibration method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the calibration result of the second slope K2 of the test piece 3 calibrated by the calibration method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a calibration system for a NOx sensor probe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1. a ceramic body; 2. a first chamber; 3. a second chamber; 4. a reference chamber; 5. a first diffusion channel; 6. a second diffusion channel; 7. a heating resistor; 8. a first electrode; 9. a second electrode; 10. a third electrode; 11. a fourth electrode; 12. a fifth electrode; 13. a sixth electrode; 14. a seventh electrode; 15. a preprocessing module; 16. a first acquisition module; 17. a second acquisition module; 18. a third obtaining module; 19. a fourth obtaining module; 20. a slope generation module; 21. a calibration module; 22. a memory; 23. a processor; 24. a communication interface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally found in use of products of the application, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and for simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the individual features of the embodiments can be combined with one another without conflict.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a probe for a nitrogen-oxygen sensor, including a ceramic main body 1, a first electrode 8, a second electrode 9, a third electrode 10, a fourth electrode 11, a fifth electrode 12, a sixth electrode 13, and a seventh electrode 14, where the ceramic main body 1 is provided with a test chamber and a reference chamber 4 communicated with the outside, the test chamber includes a first chamber 2 and a second chamber 3, the first chamber 2 is communicated with the outside through a first diffusion channel 5, the first chamber 2 is further connected with the second chamber 3 through a second diffusion channel 6, the ceramic main body 1 is embedded with a heating resistor 7, two ends of the heating resistor 7 are respectively connected with the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 9, the third electrode 10 is provided on an upper wall of the reference chamber 4, the fourth electrode 11 is provided on a lower wall of the second chamber 3, the fifth electrode 12 is provided on an upper wall of the second chamber 3, the sixth electrode 13 is provided on an upper wall of the first chamber 2, the seventh electrode 14 is provided on the upper side wall of the ceramic main body 1.
In the above embodiment, when the nitrogen-oxygen sensor operates, the gas to be measured enters the first chamber 2 through the first diffusion channel 5, oxygen in the gas to be measured is pumped out (the oxygen pumping electrode operates to pump out oxygen therein, although oxygen is pumped out, NOx remains, and reduction reaction cannot occur because oxygen is present in the first chamber 2), NOx in the remaining gas to be measured enters the second chamber 3 and is reduced into nitrogen and oxygen (the catalytic electrode operates), and the content of NOx in the gas to be measured can be obtained by measuring the content of oxygen converted in the second chamber 3. The reference chamber 4 is connected to the atmosphere and serves as a reference gas channel, wherein the third electrode 10 is a reference electrode, serving as a reference electrode for the measurement electrode. In addition, the ceramic main body 1 is embedded with a heating resistor 7 for heating treatment so as to provide a temperature required for a catalytic reaction in the nitrogen-oxygen sensor.
For example, the first electrode 8 and the second electrode 9 may be platinum electrodes or lead electrodes, so that they may be better heated.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention further provides a calibration circuit of a probe of a nitrogen oxygen sensor, including a first adjustable power source Vs0, a second adjustable power source Vs1, a third adjustable power source Vs2, and a fourth adjustable power source V HTR The ammeter comprises a first voltmeter V0, a second voltmeter V1, a third voltmeter V2, a first ammeter I0, a second ammeter I1 and a third ammeter I2;
one end of a first adjustable power supply Vs0 connected with a first ammeter I0 in series is connected with a seventh electrode 14, the other end of the first adjustable power supply Vs0 connected with a sixth electrode 13, one end of a second adjustable power supply Vs1 connected with a second ammeter I1 in series is connected with the seventh electrode 14, the other end of the second adjustable power supply Vs1 connected with a second ammeter I1 in series is connected with a fifth electrode 12, one end of a third adjustable power supply Vs2 connected with a third ammeter I2 in series is connected with the seventh electrode 14, the other end of the third adjustable power supply Vs2 connected with a fourth electrode 11, and a fourth adjustable power supply V connected with a fourth adjustable power supply V3538 in series HTR One end of which is connected to the first electrode 8 and the other end of which is connected to the second electrode 9, one end of a first voltmeter V0 is connected to the sixth electrode 13 and the other end is connected to the third electrode 10, one end of a second voltmeter V1 is connected to the third electrode 10 and the other end is connected to the fifth electrode 12, and one end of a third voltmeter V2 is connected to the third electrode 10 and the other end is connected to the fourth electrode 11.
The NOx and oxygen concentrations in the gas in the test chamber can be displayed as currents by the calibration circuit in the above embodiment. The voltages measured by the first voltmeter V0, the second voltmeter V1 and the third voltmeter V2 are nernst voltages of the sixth electrode 13, the fifth electrode 12 and the fourth electrode 11 to the third electrode 10 respectively; the first ammeter I0, the second ammeter I1 and the third ammeter I2 measured oxygen current, regulated current and nitrogen oxygen current, respectively.
Illustratively, a first adjustable power supply Vs0, a second adjustable power supply Vs1, a third adjustable power supply Vs2, and a fourth adjustable power supply Vs1Four adjustable power supply V HTR The voltage regulating range of (1) is 0-30V (the precision is 0.01V), the precision of the first voltmeter V0, the precision of the second voltmeter V1 and the precision of the third voltmeter V2 are 0.001V, and the precision of the first ammeter I0, the precision of the second ammeter I1 and the precision of the third ammeter I2 are mA, uA and nA respectively.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention further provides a calibration method of a probe of a nitrogen oxygen sensor, including the following steps:
step S101: and introducing air into the test chamber, and controlling the heating circuit to work.
In the step, the air is introduced into the test chamber to measure NOx and O in the air 2 And controls the heating circuit to operate (i.e. the fourth adjustable power supply V is applied) HTR Are connected with the heating resistor 7 to make the heating resistor 7 start to generate heat) to provide heat for the catalytic reaction in the heating resistor.
For example, after a period of time, air may be introduced into the test chamber, and the heating circuit is controlled to operate, so that the test chamber may be purged (the previous air in the test chamber is completely replaced with the current air).
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the step S101 specifically includes:
introducing air into the test chamber;
the fourth adjustable power supply V is selected according to the size of the heating resistor 7 HTR When the value of the current flowing through the heating resistor 7 does not fluctuate any more, the next step is performed.
In the above steps, when the current value of the overheating resistor 7 does not fluctuate any more, it can be known that the temperature of the sensor probe has reached and is stably maintained within the preset value, that is, the temperature in the test chamber has reached a stable value, and normal operation can be performed. Therefore, more real and accurate data can be obtained in the subsequent processing.
For example, the next step may be performed after waiting for the value of the current flowing through the heating resistor 7 to reach a stable value and holding for 30s to 60 s.
Step S102: and sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a first preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a second preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a third preset value to obtain a first current value of the first ammeter I0 and a second current value of the second ammeter I2.
Through the steps, NOx and O in the air which is introduced into the test chamber can be treated 2 Is characterized by a first current value and a second current value, respectively, so as to clearly and directly obtain NOx and O in the solution 2 The concentration value of (c).
Step S103: the test chamber was charged with 60ppm NOx and 3% O 2 And sequentially adjusting the second adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a fourth preset value, the third adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a fifth preset value and the first adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a sixth preset value to obtain a third current value of the first ammeter I0 and a fourth current value of the second ammeter I2.
Through the above-mentioned steps, NOx of 60ppm concentration and O of 3% concentration can be introduced into the test chamber 2 NOx and O in the gas of (2) 2 Is characterized by a third current value and a fourth current value respectively, thereby clearly and directly obtaining NOx and O in the solution 2 The concentration value of (c).
Step S104: introducing NOx with the concentration of 500ppm and O with the concentration of 9% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a seventh preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach an eighth preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a ninth preset value to obtain a fifth current value of the first ammeter I0 and a sixth current value of the second ammeter I2;
through the above-mentioned steps, NOx of 500ppm concentration and O of 3% concentration can be introduced into the test chamber 2 NOx and O in the gas of (2) 2 Is characterized by a fifth current value and a sixth current value, respectively, so as to clearly and directly obtain NOx and O in the gas 2 The concentration value of (c).
Step S105: the test chamber was charged with 1500ppm NOx and 15% O 2 And sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a tenth preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach an eleventh preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a twelfth preset valueObtaining a seventh current value of the first ammeter I0 and an eighth current value of the second ammeter I2;
through the above steps, the NOx concentration of 1500ppm and the O concentration of 3% can be introduced into the test chamber 2 NOx and O in the gas of (2) 2 Is characterized by a seventh current value and an eighth current value, respectively, thereby clearly and directly obtaining NOx and O in the gas 2 The concentration value of (c).
In the prior art, when gas is introduced into a test cavity, NO and NO are adjusted by a gas flowmeter 2 And O 2 Of NOx and O 2 The concentration of the gas is adjusted to a certain value, and then the adjusted gas is introduced into the test chamber, so that the process not only wastes time, but also the concentration of the gas is not well determined, and NOx and O in the gas are easily caused 2 The concentration determination is inaccurate, thereby affecting the subsequent detection precision. In addition, in the prior art, the nitrogen-oxygen sensor is calibrated, and only the concentration slope value K2 of NOx is calibrated, while O 2 The concentration slope value K0 is a general slope value, which will result in O 2 The concentration slope value of (a) may not be an actual value, and there is a certain deviation, so that the final calibration accuracy is affected to some extent.
However, in the above steps S102 to S105, by introducing the gases with different concentrations according to the preset standards into the test chamber, not only the NOx and O in the introduced gases can be precisely controlled 2 And not only the concentration value of NOx in the gas after entering the test chamber but also O in the gas after entering the test chamber 2 The concentration value of (c). That is to say, the actual slope values K0 and K2 can be accurately obtained, so that the calibration accuracy of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor can be effectively improved, wherein K0 represents O 2 The value of the slope of the concentration, K2 represents the value of the slope of the NOx concentration.
Step S106: using the first, third, fifth, and seventh current values and the corresponding O 2 The first curve diagram is generated, the first slope K0 corresponding to the first curve diagram is obtained, and the second current value, the fourth current value, the sixth current value and the eighth current value are used to calculate the first slopeGenerating a second curve diagram according to the corresponding concentration value of the NOx, and acquiring a second slope K2 corresponding to the second curve diagram;
in the above steps, O in air and three standard gases with different concentrations is obtained 2 (O at a concentration of 3%) 2 9% of O 2 15% of O 2, ) The corresponding first current value, third current value, fifth current value and seventh current value are used for generating a first broken line graph, so that a first slope K0 corresponding to the first broken line graph is conveniently obtained; the second slope K2 corresponding to the second curve map is conveniently obtained by obtaining the second current value, the fourth current value, the sixth current value and the eighth current value corresponding to the NOx (concentration of 60ppm NOx, concentration of 500ppm NOx and concentration of 1500ppm NOx) in the air and the three standard gases with different concentrations to generate the second curve map. After the first slope K0 and the second slope K2 are obtained, the nitrogen oxygen sensor can be conveniently calibrated in the follow-up process.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the first preset value, the fourth preset value, the seventh preset value and the tenth preset value are all the same value, the second preset value, the fifth preset value, the eighth preset value and the eleventh preset value are all the same value, and the third preset value, the sixth preset value, the ninth preset value and the twelfth preset value are all the same value.
In the above steps, by adjusting the output voltages of the first adjustable power source Vs0, the second adjustable power source Vs1 and the third adjustable power source Vs2 at each gas switching to the corresponding same preset values, the accuracy of the obtained oxygen current (the current detected by the first ammeter I0) and the nitrogen-oxygen current (the current detected by the second ammeter I2) can be further improved, so as to improve the accuracy of the subsequently obtained first slope K0 and second slope K2, that is, the calibration accuracy can be further improved.
Illustratively, the first, fourth, seventh and tenth preset values are all 250-300mV, the second, fifth, eighth and eleventh preset values are all 380-450mV, and the third, sixth, ninth and twelfth preset values are all 450-500 mV.
In the above steps, by respectively adjusting the output voltages of the first adjustable power supply Vs0, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to the corresponding same preset values and setting the preset values to be smaller range values, not only can the output voltage values of the first adjustable power supply Vs0, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 be conveniently adjusted, but also high-precision oxygen current (current detected by the first ammeter I0) and nitrogen oxygen current (current detected by the second ammeter I2) can be conveniently obtained.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the heating resistor 7 has a value range of 3.2 Ω -3.8 Ω, and the fourth adjustable power supply V HTR The value range of (A) is 8.8V-9.8V.
In the above steps, the heating resistor 7 and the fourth adjustable power supply V are set HTR The value range of (2) can enable the temperature in the test cavity to reach higher precision, thereby improving the calibration precision.
Illustratively, the heating resistor 7 and the fourth adjustable power supply V HTR The correspondence of (c) may be as shown in the following table:
step S107: the sensor is calibrated with a first slope K0 and a second slope K2.
In the above steps, the first slope K0 and the second slope K2 may be input into a controller program corresponding to the nox sensor, so as to complete the calibration of the sensor.
The nitrogen-oxygen sensor which is calibrated through actual detection is observed for measuring precision, and the results are shown in the following table:
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the calibration results of the nitroxide sensor test piece 1 calibrated by the above method show that K0-14.208 and K2-1.8879 have final fitting rates as high as 0.9999 and 0.9997, respectively. In other words, the first slope K0 and the second slope K2 obtained by the above method have high accuracy, up to 0.9999 and 0.9997, that is, the final calibration accuracy will be up to 0.9999 and 0.9997. The data obtained by the method are shown in the following table:
wherein the sample gas is 1: NOx at a concentration of 60ppm and O at a concentration of 3% 2 (ii) a Sample gas 2: NOx at a concentration of 500ppm and O at a concentration of 9% 2 (ii) a Sample gas 3: NOx at a concentration of 1500ppm and O at a concentration of 15% 2 。
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the calibration results of the nitroxide sensor test piece 2 calibrated by the above method show that K0-14.946 and K2-1.6737 have final fitting rates as high as 1 and 0.9998, respectively. In other words, the first slope K0 and the second slope K2 obtained by the above method have high accuracy, up to 1 and 0.9998, that is, the final calibration accuracy will be up to 1 and 0.9998.
The data obtained by the method are shown in the following table:
wherein the sample gas is 1: NOx at a concentration of 60ppm and O at a concentration of 3% 2 (ii) a Sample gas 2: NOx at a concentration of 500ppm and O at a concentration of 9% 2 (ii) a Sample gas 3: NOx at a concentration of 1500ppm and O at a concentration of 15% 2 。
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the calibration results of the nitroxide sensor test piece 3 calibrated by the above method show that K0-15.428 and K2-1.7768 have final fitting rates as high as 0.9999 and 0.9997, respectively. In other words, the first slope K0 and the second slope K2 obtained by the above method have high accuracy, up to 0.9999 and 0.9997, that is, the final calibration accuracy will be up to 0.9999 and 0.9997. The data obtained by the method are shown in the following table:
wherein the sample gas is 1: NOx at a concentration of 60ppm and O at a concentration of 3% 2 (ii) a Sample gas 2: NOx at a concentration of 500ppm and O at a concentration of 9% 2 (ii) a Sample gas 3: NOx at a concentration of 1500ppm and O at a concentration of 15% 2 。
In a word, the actual calibration detection of the test piece 1, the test piece 2 and the test piece 3 by using the calibration method is high in precision, so that the calibration precision of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor can be more accurate and effective, the fuel efficiency is improved, and the automobile exhaust emission can reach the standard more.
Based on the same inventive concept, referring to fig. 10, the present invention further provides a calibration system for a probe of a nitrogen oxygen sensor, including:
the pretreatment module 15 is used for introducing air into the test chamber and controlling the heating circuit to work;
the first obtaining module 16 is configured to sequentially adjust the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a first preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a second preset value, and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a third preset value, so as to obtain a first current value of the first ammeter I0 and a second current value of the second ammeter I2;
a second obtaining module 17 for introducing NOx with a concentration of 60ppm and O with a concentration of 3% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the second adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a fourth preset value, the third adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a fifth preset value and the first adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a sixth preset value to obtain a third current value of the first ammeter I0 and a fourth current value of the second ammeter I2;
a third obtaining module 18 for introducing NOx with a concentration of 500ppm and O with a concentration of 9% into the test chamber 2 And sequentially adjust the first angleWhen the power regulation source Vs0 reaches a seventh preset value, the second adjustable power source Vs1 reaches an eighth preset value, and the third adjustable power source Vs2 reaches a ninth preset value, a fifth current value of the first ammeter I0 and a sixth current value of the second ammeter I2 are obtained;
a fourth acquisition module 19 for feeding NOx with a concentration of 1500ppm and O with a concentration of 15% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a tenth preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach an eleventh preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a twelfth preset value to obtain a seventh current value of the first ammeter I0 and an eighth current value of the second ammeter I2;
a slope generation module 20 for utilizing the first, third, fifth, and seventh current values and corresponding O 2 The first curve diagram is generated, the first slope K0 corresponding to the first curve diagram is obtained, and the second current value, the fourth current value, the sixth current value, the eighth current value and the corresponding O are used 2 Generating a second fold line graph according to the concentration value, and acquiring a second slope K2 corresponding to the second fold line graph;
a calibration module 21 for calibrating the sensor with a first slope K0 and a second slope K2.
For a specific implementation process of the system, please refer to the calibration method for the probe of the nitrogen oxygen sensor provided in the embodiment of the present application, which is not described herein again.
Referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device comprises a memory 22, a processor 23 and a communication interface 24, the memory 22, the processor 23 and the communication interface 24 being electrically connected to each other, directly or indirectly, to enable transmission or interaction of data. For example, the components may be electrically connected to each other via one or more communication buses or signal lines. The memory 22 can be used for storing software programs and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to a calibration system of a nitrogen oxygen sensor probe provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the processor 23 executes the software programs and modules stored in the memory 22, thereby executing various functional applications and data processing. The communication interface 24 may be used for communicating signaling or data with other node devices.
The Memory 22 may be, but is not limited to, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), an Erasable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), an electrically Erasable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), and the like.
The processor 23 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. The Processor 23 may be a general-purpose Processor including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; but also Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
It will be appreciated that the configuration shown in fig. 11 is merely illustrative and that the electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown in fig. 11 or have a different configuration than shown in fig. 11. The components shown in fig. 11 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and for example, the flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist separately, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.
The above-described functions, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a separate product, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application or portions thereof that substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and various media capable of storing program codes.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present application may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (10)
1. A probe of a nitrogen-oxygen sensor is characterized by comprising a ceramic main body, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, a fourth electrode, a fifth electrode, a sixth electrode and a seventh electrode, wherein the ceramic main body is provided with a test chamber and a reference chamber communicated with the outside, the test chamber comprises a first chamber and a second chamber, the first chamber is communicated with the outside through a first diffusion channel, the first chamber is also connected with the second chamber through a second diffusion channel, a heating resistor is embedded in the ceramic main body, two ends of the heating resistor are respectively connected with the first electrode and the second electrode, the third electrode is arranged on the upper wall of the reference chamber, the fourth electrode is arranged on the lower wall of the second chamber, the fifth electrode is arranged on the upper wall of the second chamber, and the sixth electrode is arranged on the upper wall of the first chamber, the seventh electrode is disposed on the upper sidewall of the ceramic body.
2. A calibration circuit applying the nitrogen oxygen sensor probe as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising a first adjustable power supply Vs0, a second adjustable power supply Vs1, a third adjustable power supply Vs2 and a fourth adjustable power supply V HTR The first voltmeter V0, the second voltmeter V1, the third voltmeter V2, the first ammeter I0, the second ammeter I1 and the third ammeter I2;
one end of the first adjustable power supply Vs0 connected with the first ammeter I0 in series is connected with the seventh electrode, the other end of the first adjustable power supply Vs0 connected with the sixth electrode, one end of the second adjustable power supply Vs1 connected with the second ammeter I1 in series is connected with the seventh electrode, the other end of the second adjustable power supply Vs1 connected with the fifth electrode, and the fifth electrodeOne end of the third adjustable power supply Vs2, which is connected with the third ammeter I2 in series, is connected with the seventh electrode, the other end is connected with the fourth electrode, and the fourth adjustable power supply V HTR One end of the first voltmeter V0 is connected with the sixth electrode, the other end of the first voltmeter V0 is connected with the third electrode, one end of the second voltmeter V1 is connected with the third electrode, the other end of the second voltmeter V1 is connected with the fifth electrode, one end of the third voltmeter V2 is connected with the third electrode, and the other end of the third voltmeter V2 is connected with the fourth electrode.
3. A calibration method for a nitrogen-oxygen sensor probe applying the calibration circuit of claim 2, comprising the following steps:
introducing air into the test chamber, and controlling the heating circuit to work;
sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a first preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a second preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a third preset value to obtain a first current value of the first ammeter I0 and a second current value of the second ammeter I2;
introducing NOx with the concentration of 60ppm and O with the concentration of 3% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the second adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a fourth preset value, the third adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a fifth preset value and the first adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a sixth preset value to obtain a third current value of the first ammeter I0 and a fourth current value of the second ammeter I2;
introducing NOx with the concentration of 500ppm and O with the concentration of 9% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a seventh preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach an eighth preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a ninth preset value to obtain a fifth current value of the first ammeter I0 and a sixth current value of the second ammeter I2;
introducing NOx with the concentration of 1500ppm and O with the concentration of 15% into the test chamber 2 And adjust in sequenceWhen the first adjustable power supply Vs0 reaches a tenth preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 reaches an eleventh preset value, and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 reaches a twelfth preset value, a seventh current value of the first ammeter I0 and an eighth current value of the second ammeter I2 are obtained;
utilizing the first, third, fifth, and seventh current values and corresponding O 2 Generating a first curve diagram by using the concentration values of the NOx, and acquiring a first slope K0 corresponding to the first curve diagram, and generating a second curve diagram by using the second current value, the fourth current value, the sixth current value, the eighth current value, and the corresponding concentration values of the NOx, and acquiring a second slope K2 corresponding to the second curve diagram;
calibrating the sensor by using the first slope K0 and the second slope K2.
4. The method for calibrating a probe of a nitrogen-oxygen sensor according to claim 3, wherein the first preset value, the fourth preset value, the seventh preset value and the tenth preset value are all the same value, the second preset value, the fifth preset value, the eighth preset value and the eleventh preset value are all the same value, and the third preset value, the sixth preset value, the ninth preset value and the twelfth preset value are all the same value.
5. The method for calibrating the probe of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first, fourth, seventh and tenth preset values are 300mV versus 250 mV, the second, fifth, eighth and eleventh preset values are 380 mV versus 450mV, and the third, sixth, ninth and twelfth preset values are 450mV versus 500 mV.
6. The method for calibrating the probe of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the heating resistor has a value ranging from 3.2 Ω to 3.8 ΩSaid fourth adjustable power supply V HTR The value range of (A) is 8.8V-9.8V.
7. The method for calibrating the probe of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step of introducing air into the test chamber and controlling the heating circuit to work specifically comprises:
introducing air into the test chamber;
selecting the fourth adjustable power supply V according to the size of the heating resistor HTR When the value of the current flowing through the heating resistor does not fluctuate any more, the next step is carried out.
8. A nitrogen oxygen sensor probe calibration system is characterized by comprising:
the pretreatment module is used for introducing air into the test chamber and controlling the heating circuit to work;
the first obtaining module is used for sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a first preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a second preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a third preset value to obtain a first current value of the first ammeter I0 and a second current value of the second ammeter I2;
a second acquisition module for introducing NOx with the concentration of 60ppm and O with the concentration of 3% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the second adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a fourth preset value, the third adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach a fifth preset value and the first adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a sixth preset value to obtain a third current value of the first ammeter I0 and a fourth current value of the second ammeter I2;
a third acquisition module for introducing NOx with the concentration of 500ppm and O with the concentration of 9% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a seventh preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach an eighth preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a ninth preset value to obtain a fifth current value of the first ammeter I0 and a sixth current value of the second ammeter I2;
a fourth acquisition module for introducing NOx with a concentration of 1500ppm and O with a concentration of 15% into the test chamber 2 Sequentially adjusting the first adjustable power supply Vs0 to reach a tenth preset value, the second adjustable power supply Vs1 to reach an eleventh preset value and the third adjustable power supply Vs2 to reach a twelfth preset value to obtain a seventh current value of the first ammeter I0 and an eighth current value of the second ammeter I2;
a slope generation module to utilize the first, third, fifth, and seventh current values and corresponding O 2 The first curve diagram is generated, the first slope K0 corresponding to the first curve diagram is obtained, and the second current value, the fourth current value, the sixth current value, the eighth current value and the corresponding O are used 2 Generating a second fold line graph according to the concentration value, and acquiring a second slope K2 corresponding to the second fold line graph;
and the calibration module is used for calibrating the sensor by using the first slope K0 and the second slope K2.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
a memory for storing one or more programs;
a processor;
the one or more programs, when executed by the processor, implement the method of any of claims 3-7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 3-7.
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