CN114964063B - Device and method for measuring vertical deviation between outer end surfaces of shaft holes on two sides of workpiece and axis - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring vertical deviation between outer end surfaces of shaft holes on two sides of workpiece and axis Download PDFInfo
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- CN114964063B CN114964063B CN202210351970.0A CN202210351970A CN114964063B CN 114964063 B CN114964063 B CN 114964063B CN 202210351970 A CN202210351970 A CN 202210351970A CN 114964063 B CN114964063 B CN 114964063B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
- G06T7/66—Analysis of geometric attributes of image moments or centre of gravity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
- G06T2207/30164—Workpiece; Machine component
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of shaft holes on two sides of a large workpiece and an axis, wherein the device comprises a zooming light pipe and two auxiliary measuring tools, the zooming light pipe is provided with two modes of laser projection focusing and auto-collimation measurement, the auxiliary measuring tools comprise a rotating shaft, a centering detector, a plane reflecting mirror, a four-dimensional adjusting base and a radial jump end jump micro head, the auxiliary measuring tools have the functions of transmitting shaft holes and end surface measuring elements to the centering detector and the plane reflecting mirror of the rotating shaft so as to facilitate optical measurement, selecting the central connecting lines of the shaft holes on two sides as measuring references, using the centering detector to receive laser spots projected by the zooming light pipe, transferring the measuring references to the optical axis of the light pipe, and finally, simultaneously measuring the vertical deviation between the end surfaces of the two shaft holes and the reference optical axis through an optical auto-collimation method. The method has the advantages that the measurement reference selection accords with the practical application of the shafting, the measurement accuracy is high, the in-situ measurement is realized, the operation is convenient, and the efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shape and position error measurement of large-size workpieces, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring vertical deviation between outer end faces of shaft holes on two sides of a large-size workpiece and an axis.
Background
The large-scale precise turntable is widely applied to the fields of astronomical imaging, aerospace, inertial navigation equipment calibration and the like, and has the remarkable characteristics of a plurality of orthogonal rotation shafting and higher system rigidity and rotation precision. The U-shaped frame drives the load, so that high-precision space gesture movement of the load is realized. Currently, the span of a U-shaped frame shafting (shown in fig. 1) reaches several meters to more than ten meters, so that the coaxiality of the bearing matched with the cylindrical surface on the trunnion at two sides is a key factor for guaranteeing the shafting rotation precision, and the trunnion is a typical stepped shaft part, so that the machining precision is easier to guarantee, and therefore, the high-precision machining and detection of the shaft holes at two sides of a workpiece in the middle of the U-shaped frame shafting are main bottlenecks for limiting the shafting rotation precision.
Considering the characteristics of the U-shaped frame shafting, the trunnions on the two sides are connected with the middle workpiece through the spigot positioning flange, the spigot is in interference fit, the fitting depth is short and is about 20-30mm, the centering effect is achieved, the diameter of the end face of the shaft hole is large, the diameter of the end face of the shaft hole is about 500-1000mm, and the shaft end flange is fixed on the end face of the shaft hole through bolts, so that the coaxiality of the bearing fitting cylindrical surface after the installation of the trunnions on the two sides can be achieved only by strictly ensuring that the end faces of the shaft holes on the two sides are perpendicular to the datum axis jointly formed by the shaft holes on the two sides, as shown in fig. 2.
At present, the shape and position tolerance of the shaft hole of the large-sized workpiece is generally ensured through the self precision of a numerical control machining center, the precision of the machining center is inversely proportional to the movement range of a main shaft, and the outer shaft hole with the large span is machined by the aid of a cutter turning direction, so that the degree of freedom of movement of a machine tool is more, the range is larger, and high precision is difficult to realize. Along with the continuous increase of the size of the structural part, the precision requirement on processing equipment is higher and higher, and the equipment is greatly limited. After the machining is finished, the machining precision can be measured by using large three-coordinates, and the three-coordinate precision is also rapidly reduced along with the increase of the measuring range. And the three coordinates belong to off-line measurement, and the volume and weight of a large workpiece bring a lot of inconveniences to back and forth transportation between processing and measuring stations.
The patent CN104154881B discloses a method for detecting the parallelism error of the end face of a four-way shaft hole of a telescope, which is a method for measuring the parallelism error of the end face of the shaft hole by utilizing an auto-collimation collimator, and the method only measures the parallelism between the end faces of the shaft holes at two sides without restraining the position relation between the two shaft holes.
An optical measuring device and an optical detecting method for the coaxiality processing error of the shaft hole of the patent CN111220097B, which are granted, disclose a device and a method for measuring the coaxiality of the shaft hole by using a total station and an optical auxiliary, wherein the method uses a line which passes through the center point of one shaft hole and is perpendicular to the end face of the shaft hole as a reference, the distance between the center point of the shaft hole on the other side and the reference line is measured to evaluate the coaxiality error, and the uncertainty of the coaxiality error is amplified because the distance between the two shaft holes is far greater than the diameter of the end face of the reference shaft hole, as shown in figure 3, if the reference end face error delta is 5um, the distance between the shaft holes is 5m, the end face size of the shaft hole is 500mm, the error is ten times amplified, and the coaxiality error caused by the reference face error is 50um. And the perpendicularity of the end face of the shaft hole and the reference axis is not restricted. In addition, the total station is a telescopic optical system, and the measurement aiming precision is reduced along with the increase of the distance.
The existing optical measurement method only singly measures parallelism error or coaxiality error, the measurement reference is selected to be non-optimal, and the measurement precision is low due to the fact that the measurement reference is unstable; the three-coordinate measuring method is reduced along with the increase of the structural size, the back and forth carrying among the processing measuring stations causes inconvenient operation, the efficiency is low, and the wide-range high-precision three-coordinate measuring method is high in price.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an optical device and a method for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of shaft holes on two sides of a large-sized workpiece and an axis, the device can be used for in-situ measurement of a machining site, the method selects the central connecting line of the shaft holes on two sides as a measuring reference, the reference is selected to be in line with the actual application of a shaft system, a detector is used for receiving laser projection light spots to establish the axis reference, the vertical deviation between the end surfaces of the two shaft holes and the reference optical axis is measured simultaneously by an optical auto-collimation method, and the measuring data is used for guiding a machine tool to compensate machining, so that the machining precision is improved. The method of detector and image processing is adopted, aiming precision is high, complex manual adjustment is not needed, flow is simplified, and efficiency is improved.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the technical scheme provided by the invention is that the measuring device for the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of shaft holes on two sides of a workpiece and an axis is used for the in-situ measurement of a large-scale shaft system workpiece, and comprises a zoom light pipe arranged on a four-dimensional adjusting base and two auxiliary measuring tools respectively arranged in the end surfaces of the shaft holes on two sides of a piece to be measured;
The zoom light pipe comprises a fixed lens group, a focusing lens group, a spectroscope, an optical fiber point light source and an auto-collimation detector;
the four-dimensional adjusting base is used for adjusting the two-dimensional translational freedom degree and the two-dimensional angular tilting freedom degree of the zoom light pipe,
The optical fiber point light source is connected with a focus at the rear end of the zooming light pipe, and the auto-collimation detector is arranged at a beam splitting focus formed by turning of a beam splitter on the side surface of the zooming light pipe;
the auxiliary measuring tool comprises a rotating shaft, a centering detector, a plane reflecting mirror, a measuring head mounting bracket, a radial jump micrometer head, an end jump micrometer head, a radial translation adjusting mechanism and an angle inclination adjusting mechanism.
The radial translation adjusting mechanism is arranged at the non-matching surface at the inner side of the shaft hole in a mode of adjusting the radial propping of the supporting leg against the inner wall of the round hole, the angle inclination adjusting mechanism is arranged in the radial translation adjusting mechanism, the rotating shaft is arranged in the angle inclination adjusting mechanism, the radial jump micrometer head and the end jump micrometer head are connected on the rotating shaft of the rotating shaft through the measuring head mounting bracket, the target surface of the centering detector and the vertical rotation axis of the plane mirror are arranged at the center of the middle hole of the rotating shaft,
Wherein the radial translation adjustment mechanism is used for adjusting the two-dimensional radial offset of the rotating shaft, and the angle inclination adjustment mechanism is used for adjusting the two-dimensional angle inclination of the rotating shaft.
The radial runout micrometer head is used for measuring the displacement deviation between the inner circle center of the shaft hole and the rotation axis of the rotation shaft, the end runout micrometer head is used for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surface of the shaft hole and the rotation axis of the rotation shaft,
The centering detector is used for detecting focused light spots projected by the zoom light pipe and calculating the rotation center of the rotation shaft,
The plane reflector is used for an auto-collimation measurement mode of the zoom light pipe to realize primary reflection of parallel light, is provided with a middle hole, comprises a near-end plane reflector arranged on an auxiliary measurement tool close to the zoom light pipe and a far-end plane reflector arranged on an auxiliary measurement tool far away from the zoom light pipe,
And the diameter of the middle hole of the near-end plane reflecting mirror is larger than that of the middle hole of the far-end reflecting mirror, so that the zoom light pipe can measure the vertical deviation of the two plane reflecting mirrors at the same time.
The focusing lens group in the zoom light pipe can be moved and adjusted along the optical axis direction, so that the optical fiber point light source is projected and focused at the front of the zoom light pipe lens to an infinite position, namely the zoom light pipe has a laser projection focusing mode and an auto-collimation measuring mode.
The linearity of the optical axis in the adjusting process of the focusing lens group is better than 3'.
In the auto-collimation measurement mode, the emergent light of the fiber point light source is reflected by the plane mirror to be returned to the zoom light pipe for imaging on the auto-collimation detector, and the measurement precision of the auto-collimation mode is better than 1'.
The centering detector adopts a wireless mode.
The invention also provides a measuring method of the measuring device for the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of the shaft holes on two sides of the workpiece and the axis, which comprises the following steps:
S10, installing a measuring device of a piece to be measured, wherein the measuring device comprises a zooming light pipe, a four-dimensional adjusting base and two auxiliary measuring tools, and the piece to be measured comprises a near-end shaft hole and a far-end shaft hole;
step S20, respectively erecting non-matching surfaces in the proximal shaft hole and the distal shaft hole by two auxiliary measuring tools;
Step S30, respectively adjusting two auxiliary measuring tools to enable the rotation axes on the auxiliary measuring tools to coincide with the centers of the shaft holes and be perpendicular to the end faces of the shaft holes;
The step S30 includes the steps of:
Step S31, rotating the rotating shaft, and adjusting the positions of the end jump micrometer head and the diameter adjustment micrometer head so that the end jump micrometer head and the diameter adjustment micrometer head can stably read in a measuring range;
step S32, rotating the rotating shaft, and adjusting radial offset of the rotating shaft by utilizing a radial translation adjusting mechanism according to the reading of the radial runout micrometer head so as to minimize the variation of the reading of the radial runout micrometer head;
step S33, rotating the rotating shaft, and adjusting the two-dimensional inclination of the rotating shaft by utilizing an angle inclination adjusting mechanism according to the reading of the end-jump micrometer, so that the reading variation of the end-jump micrometer is minimized;
Step S34, the iteration steps S32-S33 are required to be repeatedly adjusted, and finally, the indication change of the diameter jump micrometer head and the end jump micrometer head is minimized, and at the moment, the rotation axis on the auxiliary measuring tool coincides with the center of the corresponding shaft hole and is perpendicular to the end face of the shaft hole.
Step S40, erecting a zoom light pipe near the proximal shaft hole, and repeatedly adjusting the position of the light pipe by using a laser projection focusing mode of the zoom light pipe to enable the optical axis of the light pipe to coincide with the centers of the proximal shaft hole and the distal shaft hole;
the step S40 includes the steps of:
S41, erecting a zoom light pipe, enabling an optical axis to be aligned to the center of a two-shaft hole, adjusting a focusing lens group of the zoom light pipe, enabling a fiber point light source to be respectively projected and focused on target surfaces of a near-end centering detector and a far-end centering detector, and rotating a rotating shaft to enable spot image points to be always imaged in the target surfaces;
Step S42, fine adjustment of the zoom light pipe: removing a centering detector on the near-end auxiliary measuring tool, adjusting a focusing lens group to enable an optical fiber point light source to be projected and focused on a target surface of the centering detector on the far-end auxiliary measuring tool, rotating a rotating shaft on the far-end auxiliary measuring tool, recording a spot circle drawing track, understanding and marking a circle center coordinate at an image, and finely adjusting the two-dimensional angle inclination of a four-dimensional adjusting base to enable a spot to coincide with the circle center;
S43, placing a near-end centering detector, adjusting a focusing lens group, enabling a fiber point light source to be projected and focused on a target surface of the centering detector on a near-end auxiliary measuring tool, rotating a rotating shaft of the near-end auxiliary measuring tool, recording a spot circle drawing track, understanding and marking circle center coordinates at an image, and finely adjusting two-dimensional translation of a four-dimensional adjusting base to enable a spot to coincide with a circle center;
And step S44, repeatedly adjusting and iterating the steps S42-S43, and finally enabling the radius of the circle drawn by the light spot on the near-end detector and the far-end detector to be minimum.
And S50, switching the zoom light tube into an auto-collimation measurement mode, and simultaneously measuring the vertical deviation between the plane reflecting mirror and the optical axis on the two auxiliary measurement tools, namely the vertical deviation error between the outer end surfaces of the two shaft holes and the axis.
The step S50 includes the steps of:
Step S51, adjusting a focusing lens group to enable the zoom light pipe to be in an auto-collimation measurement mode, enabling the fiber-optic point light source beam to be auto-collimated and returned to be imaged on the target surface of the auto-collimation detector through a plane emission mirror, and removing the near-end detector;
Step S52, rotating a rotating shaft of the near-end auxiliary measuring tool, recording a light spot circle drawing track by an auto-collimation detector, calculating and marking a circle center coordinate at an image position, and calculating vertical deviation theta x1,θy1 between the end face of the near-end shaft hole and the horizontal and vertical directions of the axis;
And step S53, rotating the rotating shaft of the remote auxiliary measuring tool, recording a light spot circle drawing track by the auto-collimation detector, calculating and marking a circle center coordinate at the image, and calculating the vertical deviation theta x2,θy2 between the end face of the remote shaft hole and the horizontal and vertical directions of the axis.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
The device can be used for on-site measurement of a machining site, the method selects the central connecting line of the shaft holes at two sides as a measurement reference, the reference is selected to be in line with the actual application of a shaft system, a detector is used for receiving laser projection light spots to establish the axis reference, the vertical deviation between the end surfaces of the two shaft holes and a reference optical axis is measured simultaneously by an optical auto-collimation method, and the measurement data is used for guiding a machine tool to compensate machining, so that the machining precision is improved. The method of detector and image processing is adopted, the measurement precision is high, complex manual adjustment is not needed, the flow is simplified, and the efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a U-shaped frame shafting structure in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the prior art shaft hole machining errors resulting in different axes of the trunnions on both sides;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical measurement device and an optical detection method for coaxiality processing errors in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a measurement method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an auxiliary measurement tool adjustment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a zoom light pipe adjustment flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a center of rotation image resolution for a centering detector in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a shaft bore end face to axis vertical deviation measurement in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an auto-collimation detector measuring vertical deviations in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
In the figure, an end jump micrometer head 1, a radial jump micrometer head 2, an angle inclination adjusting mechanism 3, a measuring head mounting bracket 4, a centering detector 5, a far-end plane mirror 6a, a near-end plane mirror 6b, a rotating shaft 7, a piece 8 to be measured, a far-end shaft hole 8a, a near-end shaft hole 8b, a radial translation adjusting mechanism 9, a fixed lens group 10, a focusing lens group 11, a spectroscope 12, an auto-collimation detector 13, an optical fiber point light source 14 and a four-dimensional adjusting base 15.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 4, the invention provides a device for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of shaft holes on two sides of a large workpiece and an axis, which comprises a zooming light pipe, a four-dimensional adjusting base 15 and two auxiliary measuring tools.
The zoom light pipe comprises a fixed lens group 10, a focusing lens group 11, a spectroscope 13, an optical fiber point light source 14 and an auto-collimation detector 13. The zoom light pipe is mounted on a four-dimensional adjustment base 15, and the four-dimensional adjustment base 15 is used for adjusting two-dimensional translational degrees of freedom and two-dimensional angular tilting degrees of freedom of the zoom light pipe, wherein the two-dimensional translational degrees of freedom are vertical to the direction of the optical axis, and the two-dimensional angular tilting degrees of freedom are deflection and pitching of the optical axis in the embodiment. The fiber point light source 14 is connected to the focus of the rear end of the zoom light pipe, and the auto-collimation detector 13 is installed at the beam-splitting focus formed by turning the side surface of the zoom light pipe through the beam splitter 12. The focusing lens group 11 in the zoom light pipe can be moved and adjusted along the optical axis direction, so that the fiber-optic point light source 14 is projected and focused in front of the lens of the zoom light pipe to an infinity position, namely the zoom light pipe has a laser projection focusing mode and an auto-collimation measuring mode.
The optical axis linearity during adjustment of the focus lens group 11 in this embodiment is better than 3 ". In the auto-collimation measurement mode, the emergent light of the fiber-optic point light source 14 is reflected by the plane mirror to be returned to the zoom light pipe for imaging on the auto-collimation detector 13, and the measurement precision of the auto-collimation mode is better than 1'.
The two auxiliary measuring tools are respectively and correspondingly arranged with the two shaft holes of the to-be-detected piece, the structural components are identical, and the only difference is that the diameters of the holes in the plane emission mirror are different. The auxiliary measuring tool comprises a rotating shaft 7, a centering detector 5, a plane reflecting mirror, a measuring head mounting bracket 5, a radial jump micrometer head 2, an end jump micrometer head 1, a radial translation adjusting mechanism 9 and an angle inclination adjusting mechanism 3.
The radial translation adjusting mechanism 9 is arranged at the non-matching surface at the inner side of the shaft hole in a mode of adjusting the radial propping of the supporting leg against the inner wall of the round hole, the angle inclination adjusting mechanism 3 is arranged on the radial translation adjusting mechanism 9, the rotating shaft 7 is arranged on the angle inclination adjusting mechanism 3, the radial jump micrometer head 2 and the end jump micrometer head 1 are connected on the rotating shaft 7 through the measuring head mounting bracket 5,
The centering detector 5 target surface and the plane mirror are arranged in the center of a hole in the rotating shaft 7 perpendicular to the rotation axis, the radial translation adjusting mechanism 9 is used for adjusting the two-dimensional radial offset of the rotating shaft 7, and the angle inclination adjusting mechanism 3 is used for adjusting the two-dimensional angle inclination of the rotating shaft 7. The radial jump micrometer head 2 is used for measuring the displacement deviation between the inner circle center of the shaft hole and the rotation axis of the rotation shaft 7, the end jump micrometer head 1 is used for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surface of the shaft hole and the rotation axis of the rotation shaft 7, the centering detector 5 is used for detecting focused light spots projected by the zoom light tube and calculating the rotation center of the rotation shaft system 7, the centering detector 5 is convenient for disassembly and assembly,
The plane mirror is used for an auto-collimation measurement mode of the zoom light pipe, the original path reflection of parallel light is achieved, the plane mirror is provided with a middle hole, the plane mirror comprises a near-end plane mirror 6b which is installed on an auxiliary measurement tool close to the zoom light pipe and a far-end plane mirror 6a which is installed on an auxiliary measurement tool far away from the zoom light pipe, and the diameter of the middle hole of the near-end plane mirror 6b is larger than that of the middle hole of the far-end mirror 6a, so that the zoom light pipe can measure the vertical deviation of the two plane mirrors at the same time.
In this embodiment, the centering probe 5 adopts a wireless method, so as to avoid the influence of the drag of the cable on the precision during rotation.
Referring to fig. 5, the embodiment also provides a method for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of the shaft holes on two sides of a large workpiece and an axis, which comprises the following steps:
step S10, providing a piece 8 to be measured and the measuring device, wherein the measuring device comprises a zoom light pipe, a four-dimensional adjusting base 15 and two auxiliary measuring tools, and the piece 8 to be measured comprises a near-end shaft hole 8b and a far-end shaft hole 8a;
Step S20, respectively erecting two auxiliary measuring tools at non-matching surfaces in the proximal shaft hole 8b and the distal shaft hole 8 a;
Step S30, respectively adjusting two auxiliary measuring tools to enable the rotation axes on the auxiliary measuring tools to coincide with the centers of the shaft holes and be perpendicular to the end faces of the shaft holes;
Step S40, erecting a zoom light pipe near the proximal shaft hole 8b, and repeatedly adjusting the position of the light pipe by using a laser projection focusing mode of the zoom light pipe to enable the optical axis of the light pipe to coincide with the centers of the proximal shaft hole 8b and the distal shaft hole 8 a;
And S50, switching the zoom light tube into an auto-collimation measurement mode, and simultaneously measuring the vertical deviation between the plane reflecting mirror 6 and the optical axis on the two auxiliary measurement tools, namely the vertical deviation error between the outer end surfaces of the two shaft holes and the axis.
Referring to fig. 6, step S30 of the present embodiment includes the steps of:
Step S31, rotating the rotating shaft, and adjusting the positions of the end jump micrometer head 1 and the diameter adjustment micrometer head 2 to ensure that the positions can be read stably in a measuring range;
Step S32, rotating the rotating shaft, adjusting radial offset of the rotating shaft by utilizing a radial translation adjusting mechanism 9 according to the reading of the radial runout micrometer head 2, so that the change of the reading of the radial runout micrometer head 2 is minimum, the resolution of the micrometer head is 1um, the rotation and shaking precision of the rotating shaft 7 is less than 0.5', and the change of the reading of the radial runout micrometer head 2 is smaller than 10um by final adjustment in consideration of the roundness error of shaft hole processing and the fine adjustment capability of the adjusting mechanism;
Step S33, rotating the rotating shaft, adjusting the two-dimensional inclination of the rotating shaft by utilizing an angle inclination adjusting mechanism 3 according to the reading of the end jump micrometer head 1, so that the change of the reading of the end jump micrometer head 1 is minimum, and finally, adjusting to enable the change of the reading of the end jump micrometer head 1 to be less than 5um by considering the flatness error of shaft end processing and the fine adjustment capability of the adjusting mechanism;
In step S34, since the radial adjustment and the inclination adjustment have an influence, the iterative steps S32-S33 are required to be repeatedly adjusted, and finally, the index variation of the radial jump micrometer head 2 and the end jump micrometer head 1 is minimized, at this time, the rotation axis on the auxiliary measuring tool is considered to coincide with the center of the corresponding shaft hole and is perpendicular to the end face of the shaft hole, and the purpose that the measuring element on the shaft hole is transferred onto the rotation shaft 7 is achieved.
Referring to fig. 7, step S40 of the present embodiment includes the steps of:
Step S41, erecting a zoom light pipe near a near-end shaft hole 8b, requiring stable foundation between the zoom light pipe and a piece 8 to be measured, preferably placing the zoom light pipe and the piece 8 to be measured on a table top of a processing machine tool at the same time, roughly adjusting a base 15 in four dimensions to enable an optical axis to be roughly aligned with the centers of two shaft holes, adjusting a focusing lens group 11 of the zoom light pipe, enabling an optical fiber point light source 14 to respectively project and focus on target surfaces of a near-end centering detector and a far-end centering detector, and rotating a rotating shaft to ensure that spot points are always imaged in the target surfaces;
Step S42, fine adjustment of the pose of the zooming light pipe: firstly, removing a near-end centering detector, adjusting a focusing lens group 11 to enable an optical fiber point light source 14 to be projected and focused on a target surface of the far-end centering detector, rotating a rotating shaft of a far-end auxiliary measuring tool, recording a light spot circle drawing track, and understanding and marking circle center coordinates at an image, wherein as shown in fig. 8, the two-dimensional angle inclination on a four-dimensional adjustment base 15 is finely adjusted to enable the light spot to coincide with a circle center;
Step S43, then, a near-end centering detector is placed, a focusing lens group 11 is adjusted, an optical fiber point light source 14 is projected and focused on the target surface of the near-end centering detector, a rotating shaft of a near-end auxiliary measuring tool is rotated, a spot circle drawing track is recorded, circle center coordinates are calculated and marked at an image position, and two-dimensional translation on a four-dimensional adjusting base 15 is finely adjusted, so that a spot coincides with the circle center;
In step S44, since the translational adjustment and the inclination adjustment are mutually influenced, the iterative steps S42-S43 are required to be repeatedly adjusted, and finally, the radius of a circle drawn by the light spot on the near-end centering detector and the far-end centering detector is minimum, at the moment, the aim of overlapping the optical axis of the zooming light pipe and the central connecting line of the two shaft holes is fulfilled, the pixel size of the centering detector is 2.8um, and the straightness of the zooming optical axis of the light pipe is less than 3', so that the method can ensure the high-precision overlapping of the axes.
Referring to fig. 9, step S50 of the present embodiment includes the steps of:
step S51, adjusting the focusing lens group 11 to enable the zoom light pipe to be in an auto-collimation measurement mode, enabling the optical fiber point light source 14 to perform auto-collimation through the plane emission mirror 6 and return to image on the target surface of the auto-collimation detector 13, removing the near-end centering detector, and otherwise, shielding the light path;
Step S52, rotating a rotating shaft of the near-end auxiliary measuring tool, recording a light spot circle drawing track by the auto-collimation detector 13, performing image processing calculation to find out and mark a circle center coordinate, and calculating vertical deviation theta x1,θy1 between the end face of the near-end shaft hole 8b and the horizontal and vertical directions of the shaft line;
Step S53, rotating the rotating shaft of the remote auxiliary measuring tool, recording a light spot circle drawing track by the auto-collimation detector 13, performing image processing calculation to find and mark a circle center coordinate, and calculating the vertical deviation theta x2,θy2 between the end face of the remote shaft hole 8a and the horizontal and vertical directions of the shaft line.
At this time, the vertical deviation of the end faces of the two shaft holes from the optical axis can be measured at the same time, as shown in fig. 10. The method does not require that the installation of the plane reflecting mirror is strictly perpendicular to the rotating shaft, and has simple operation and high measurement precision.
In the embodiment, the distance between two shaft holes is 5m, the diameter of the end face of the shaft hole is 500mm, the runout of the end jump meter is controlled to be 5um, the runout of the diameter jump meter is controlled to be 10um, the focal length of the self-alignment value of the zoom light tube is 300mm, the pixel size of the self-alignment value detector is 2.8um, the straightness of the optical axis of the zoom light tube is 2 ', the influence of other factors in the measuring process is comprehensively considered, and the measuring precision of the vertical deviation between the end face of the shaft hole and the axis is less than 3'. The accuracy is far higher than other measurement methods.
The described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Claims (9)
1. The measuring device for the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of the shaft holes on two sides of a workpiece and an axis is used for in-situ measurement of a large-scale shaft system workpiece, and is characterized by comprising a zoom light pipe arranged on a four-dimensional adjusting base and two auxiliary measuring tools respectively arranged in the end surfaces of the shaft holes on two sides of the workpiece to be measured;
The zoom light pipe comprises a fixed lens group, a focusing lens group, a spectroscope, an optical fiber point light source and an auto-collimation detector;
the four-dimensional adjusting base is used for adjusting the two-dimensional translational freedom degree and the two-dimensional angular tilting freedom degree of the zoom light pipe,
The optical fiber point light source is connected with a focus at the rear end of the zooming light pipe, and the auto-collimation detector is arranged at a beam splitting focus formed by turning of a beam splitter on the side surface of the zooming light pipe;
the auxiliary measuring tool comprises a rotating shaft, a centering detector, a plane reflecting mirror, a measuring head mounting bracket, a radial jump micrometer head, an end jump micrometer head, a radial translation adjusting mechanism and an angle inclination adjusting mechanism.
The radial translation adjusting mechanism is arranged at the non-matching surface at the inner side of the shaft hole in a mode of adjusting the radial propping of the supporting leg against the inner wall of the round hole, the angle inclination adjusting mechanism is arranged in the radial translation adjusting mechanism, the rotating shaft is arranged in the angle inclination adjusting mechanism, the radial jump micrometer head and the end jump micrometer head are connected on the rotating shaft of the rotating shaft through the measuring head mounting bracket, the target surface of the centering detector and the vertical rotation axis of the plane mirror are arranged at the center of the middle hole of the rotating shaft,
Wherein the radial translation adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the two-dimensional radial offset of the rotating shaft, the angle inclination adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the two-dimensional angle inclination of the rotating shaft,
The radial runout micrometer head is used for measuring the displacement deviation between the inner circle center of the shaft hole and the rotation axis of the rotation shaft, the end runout micrometer head is used for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surface of the shaft hole and the rotation axis of the rotation shaft,
The centering detector is used for detecting focused light spots projected by the zoom light pipe and calculating the rotation center of the rotation shaft,
The plane reflector is used for an auto-collimation measurement mode of the zoom light pipe to realize primary reflection of parallel light, is provided with a middle hole, comprises a near-end plane reflector arranged on an auxiliary measurement tool close to the zoom light pipe and a far-end plane reflector arranged on an auxiliary measurement tool far away from the zoom light pipe,
And the diameter of the middle hole of the near-end plane reflecting mirror is larger than that of the middle hole of the far-end reflecting mirror, so that the zoom light pipe can measure the vertical deviation of the two plane reflecting mirrors at the same time.
2. The device for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of shaft holes on two sides of a workpiece and an axis according to claim 1, wherein a focusing lens group in the zoom light pipe can be moved and adjusted along the optical axis direction, so that the optical fiber point light source is projected and focused in front of a lens of the zoom light pipe to an infinity position, namely the zoom light pipe has a laser projection focusing mode and an auto-collimation measuring mode.
3. The device for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of the shaft holes on two sides of the workpiece and the axis according to claim 2, wherein the linearity of the optical axis in the adjusting process of the focusing lens group is better than 3 ".
4. A device for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of shaft holes on two sides of a workpiece and an axis according to claim 3, wherein in an auto-collimation measurement mode, the emergent light of a fiber point light source is reflected by a plane mirror to be returned to a zooming light pipe for imaging on an auto-collimation detector, and the measurement precision of the auto-collimation mode is better than 1'.
5. The device for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of shaft holes on two sides of a workpiece and an axis according to claim 1, wherein the centering detector adopts a wireless mode.
6. A measuring method of a measuring device for the vertical deviation of the outer end surfaces of shaft holes on both sides of a workpiece from an axis according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
S10, installing a measuring device of a piece to be measured, wherein the measuring device comprises a zooming light pipe, a four-dimensional adjusting base and two auxiliary measuring tools, and the piece to be measured comprises a near-end shaft hole and a far-end shaft hole;
step S20, respectively erecting non-matching surfaces in the proximal shaft hole and the distal shaft hole by two auxiliary measuring tools;
Step S30, respectively adjusting two auxiliary measuring tools to enable the rotation axes on the auxiliary measuring tools to coincide with the centers of the shaft holes and be perpendicular to the end faces of the shaft holes;
step S40, erecting a zoom light pipe near the proximal shaft hole, and repeatedly adjusting the position of the light pipe by using a laser projection focusing mode of the zoom light pipe to enable the optical axis of the light pipe to coincide with the centers of the proximal shaft hole and the distal shaft hole;
And S50, switching the zoom light tube into an auto-collimation measurement mode, and simultaneously measuring the vertical deviation between the plane reflecting mirror and the optical axis on the two auxiliary measurement tools, namely the vertical deviation error between the outer end surfaces of the two shaft holes and the axis.
7. The method for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of the shaft holes on two sides of the workpiece and the axis according to claim 6, wherein,
The step S30 includes the steps of:
Step S31, rotating the rotating shaft, and adjusting the positions of the end jump micrometer head and the diameter adjustment micrometer head so that the end jump micrometer head and the diameter adjustment micrometer head can stably read in a measuring range;
step S32, rotating the rotating shaft, and adjusting radial offset of the rotating shaft by utilizing a radial translation adjusting mechanism according to the reading of the radial runout micrometer head so as to minimize the variation of the reading of the radial runout micrometer head;
step S33, rotating the rotating shaft, and adjusting the two-dimensional inclination of the rotating shaft by utilizing an angle inclination adjusting mechanism according to the reading of the end-jump micrometer, so that the reading variation of the end-jump micrometer is minimized;
Step S34, the iteration steps S32-S33 are required to be repeatedly adjusted, and finally, the indication change of the diameter jump micrometer head and the end jump micrometer head is minimized, and at the moment, the rotation axis on the auxiliary measuring tool coincides with the center of the corresponding shaft hole and is perpendicular to the end face of the shaft hole.
8. The method for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of the shaft holes on two sides of the workpiece and the axis according to claim 6, wherein,
The step S40 includes the steps of:
S41, erecting a zoom light pipe, enabling an optical axis to be aligned to the center of a two-shaft hole, adjusting a focusing lens group of the zoom light pipe, enabling a fiber point light source to be respectively projected and focused on target surfaces of a near-end centering detector and a far-end centering detector, and rotating a rotating shaft to enable spot image points to be always imaged in the target surfaces;
Step S42, fine adjustment of the zoom light pipe: removing a centering detector on the near-end auxiliary measuring tool, adjusting a focusing lens group to enable an optical fiber point light source to be projected and focused on a target surface of the centering detector on the far-end auxiliary measuring tool, rotating a rotating shaft on the far-end auxiliary measuring tool, recording a spot circle drawing track, understanding and marking a circle center coordinate at an image, and finely adjusting the two-dimensional angle inclination of a four-dimensional adjusting base to enable a spot to coincide with the circle center;
S43, placing a near-end centering detector, adjusting a focusing lens group, enabling a fiber point light source to be projected and focused on a target surface of the centering detector on a near-end auxiliary measuring tool, rotating a rotating shaft of the near-end auxiliary measuring tool, recording a spot circle drawing track, understanding and marking circle center coordinates at an image, and finely adjusting two-dimensional translation of a four-dimensional adjusting base to enable a spot to coincide with a circle center;
And step S44, repeatedly adjusting and iterating the steps S42-S43, and finally enabling the radius of the circle drawn by the light spot on the near-end detector and the far-end detector to be minimum.
9. The method for measuring the vertical deviation between the outer end surfaces of the shaft holes on both sides of the workpiece and the axis according to claim 6, wherein the step S50 comprises the steps of:
Step S51, adjusting a focusing lens group to enable the zoom light pipe to be in an auto-collimation measurement mode, enabling the fiber-optic point light source beam to be auto-collimated and returned to be imaged on the target surface of the auto-collimation detector through a plane emission mirror, and removing the near-end detector;
Step S52, rotating a rotating shaft of the near-end auxiliary measuring tool, recording a light spot circle drawing track by an auto-collimation detector, calculating and marking a circle center coordinate at an image position, and calculating vertical deviation theta x1,θy1 between the end face of the near-end shaft hole and the horizontal and vertical directions of the axis;
And step S53, rotating the rotating shaft of the remote auxiliary measuring tool, recording a light spot circle drawing track by the auto-collimation detector, calculating and marking a circle center coordinate at the image, and calculating the vertical deviation theta x2,θy2 between the end face of the remote shaft hole and the horizontal and vertical directions of the axis.
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| CN116772734B (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-11-21 | 鑫鹏源(聊城)智能科技有限公司 | Outer diameter detection equipment for manufacturing seamless steel tube |
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| CN107843213A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-27 | 北京理工大学 | Confocal auto-collimation center partially and curvature radius measurement method and device |
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| CN103261838A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2013-08-21 | 莱卡地球系统公开股份有限公司 | Robotic surveying instrument and method for the automated autocollimation of a telescope of a surveying instrument comprising an autocollimation target |
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