CN114960741B - Offset double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section supporting structure and construction method - Google Patents

Offset double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section supporting structure and construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114960741B
CN114960741B CN202210454104.4A CN202210454104A CN114960741B CN 114960741 B CN114960741 B CN 114960741B CN 202210454104 A CN202210454104 A CN 202210454104A CN 114960741 B CN114960741 B CN 114960741B
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China
Prior art keywords
rod
retaining wall
staggered
limiting
grouting anchor
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CN202210454104.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114960741A (en
Inventor
支彬
李长伟
王付华
王业涛
丁立波
庄德全
李刚
张远
杨子凡
王振兴
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
China Road and Bridge Corp
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
China Road and Bridge Corp
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Priority to CN202210454104.4A priority Critical patent/CN114960741B/en
Publication of CN114960741A publication Critical patent/CN114960741A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0275—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features cast in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
    • E02D15/04—Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, bore-holes or narrow shafts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section supporting structure and a construction method, wherein the supporting structure comprises a retaining wall, grouting anchor rods and steel pipes, wherein the grouting anchor rods and the steel pipes are arranged between a rock-soil body outside a staggered section tunnel and the retaining wall, a plurality of anti-pulling piles are arranged on the foundation of the bottom of the retaining wall, and a plurality of anti-sliding piles are arranged at the foundation of the outer side of the retaining wall; and the grouting anchor rod, the steel pipe, the anti-pulling pile and the anti-sliding pile are fixedly connected with the retaining wall. The staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section supporting structure conforms to the principle of preventing staggered section tunnel damage, adopts a method for reinforcing the staggered section rock-soil body, can prevent the staggered part of the staggered section rock-soil body and the tunnel of the staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section from being damaged, effectively solves the problem of the staggered part of the staggered section rock-soil body and the tunnel stability of the staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section, and has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design and convenient construction.

Description

Offset double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section supporting structure and construction method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a staggered double-hole small-clearance tunnel portal section supporting structure and a construction method.
Background
With the rapid development of economy and society, more and more highways, railways and the like are built to meet the daily travel demands of people, and a large number of tunnels are built and operated. However, due to the influence of topography and other existing structures, the tunnel opening sections of the small-clear-distance tunnels form a staggered double-hole tunnel, and particularly, the tunnel opening sections of the staggered double-hole tunnels are often located in mountain slope zones, so that the characteristics of large deformation, complex stress and large construction control difficulty of the support structures of the staggered section parts of the staggered double-hole tunnels are caused under the influence of bias voltage. Engineering practice shows that most of built or built single-hole tunnels or one of two tunnels with larger distance between the two tunnels has defects of supporting deformation, vault subsidence, obvious arch waist displacement deformation and the like caused by shallow buried bias, and serious economic loss is caused by tunnel collapse when serious, thereby seriously threatening the safety of tunnel construction and operation. However, the research on the support structure and the construction method of the staggered double-hole small-clearance tunnel portal section is less, so the support structure and the construction method of the staggered double-hole small-clearance tunnel portal section during excavation have great significance for the tunnel construction and operation of the type.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a support structure for a staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section and a construction method, which can effectively solve the problems of staggered part of rock soil body and tunnel stability of the staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a little clear distance tunnel portal section supporting construction of stagger double-hole, includes retaining wall, its characterized in that: the soil retaining wall comprises a soil retaining wall body, a plurality of anti-pulling piles, a plurality of sliding piles and a plurality of grouting bolts, wherein the grouting bolts and the steel pipes are arranged between a rock-soil body outside a staggered section tunnel and the soil retaining wall; and the grouting anchor rod, the steel pipe, the anti-pulling pile and the anti-sliding pile are fixedly connected with the retaining wall.
Further, the grouting anchor rod is of a hollow structure, and the grouting anchor rod is arranged along the rock-soil body in an obliquely downward direction.
Further, the steel pipe is a solid steel pipe, and the steel pipe and the grouting anchor rod are respectively arranged on two mutually perpendicular surfaces of the rock-soil body.
Further, the grouting anchor rods and the steel pipes are arranged at intervals in rows.
Furthermore, the anti-pulling piles are arranged in two rows at intervals, and the two rows of the anti-pulling piles are staggered.
Further, the retaining wall is of a trapezoid structure, and two vertical side faces of the retaining wall are respectively attached to two faces of the rock-soil body, which are perpendicular to each other.
Further, the construction method of the staggered double-hole small-clearance tunnel portal section supporting structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
s1: after the rock-soil body outside the staggered section tunnel is excavated, flattening the outer part of the rock-soil body to form a bottom foundation of the retaining wall;
s2: a grouting anchor rod is obliquely downwards arranged on a rock-soil body outside the staggered section tunnel;
s3: vertically driving a steel pipe into a face on the rock-soil body, which is mutually perpendicular to the side face of the grouting anchor rod;
s4: two rows of anti-pulling piles are arranged at intervals on the foundation of the bottom of the retaining wall;
s5: manufacturing a reinforcement cage for pouring the retaining wall, and fixedly connecting the reinforcement cage with the grouting anchor rod, the steel pipe and the uplift pile;
s6: pouring concrete to form a retaining wall;
s7: and a row of anti-slide piles are arranged at the bottom of the outer side of the corner of the retaining wall.
Further, in step S5, a fixed connecting piece is arranged between the reinforcement cage and each grouting anchor rod, the fixed connecting piece comprises a fixed plate fixedly sleeved outside the grouting anchor rod, a first threaded rod is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the fixed plate, close to the reinforcement cage, of the fixed plate, and a first locking nut matched with the first threaded rod is movably connected to the first threaded rod; a second threaded rod is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the reinforcement cage, which is close to the fixing plate, the second threaded rod is coaxial with the first threaded rod, the diameter of the second threaded rod is larger than that of the first threaded rod, a second locking nut is fixedly connected to one end of the first locking nut, which is close to the second threaded rod, and the second locking nut is matched with the second threaded rod;
a first limiting block is fixedly arranged at one end, close to the reinforcement cage, of the first threaded rod; the external diameter of the first limiting block is larger than the diameter of the first threaded rod, and the external diameter of the first limiting block is smaller than the diameter of the second threaded rod.
Further, the fixed connection piece is still including seting up two spacing holes on the fixed plate, two spacing hole symmetry sets up the both sides of slip casting stock, set up two with spacing groove that spacing hole corresponds on the ground body, spacing hole and the spacing groove intercommunication that corresponds each other, the steel reinforcement cage be close to a side of fixed plate set firmly two with spacing hole assorted dead lever, the dead lever runs through spacing hole with spacing groove, just still be equipped with spacing subassembly between the lateral wall of spacing groove with the dead lever.
Further, the limiting assembly comprises a limiting rod fixedly arranged on the side wall of the limiting groove, and a spring steel sheet is fixedly arranged at the end part of the limiting rod, which is close to the fixing rod, at one end; the fixing rod is provided with a first slot and a second slot in sequence at the center position of one end, close to the limiting rod, of the fixing rod, the first slot is communicated with the second slot, the diameter of the first slot is smaller than that of the second slot, and the spring steel sheet is larger than that of the first slot and smaller than that of the second slot;
the top surface end of the fixed rod is of an inclined surface structure, a trapezoid block is connected to the top wall of the limiting groove through a telescopic rod, the inclined surface of the trapezoid block is parallel to the inclined surface structure, a reset spring is sleeved outside the telescopic rod, the top of the reset spring is fixedly connected with the top wall of the limiting groove, and the bottom of the reset spring is fixedly connected with the top of the trapezoid block; a sliding groove is formed in the top of the fixed rod, and a sliding block matched with the trapezoid block is connected in a sliding manner in the sliding groove; the bottom of trapezoidal piece evenly installs a plurality of balls, a plurality of with ball assorted ball groove has been seted up at the top of sliding block.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section supporting structure, hollow grouting anchor rods, solid steel pipes, anti-slide piles and anti-pulling piles are arranged at certain intervals, particularly the grouting anchor rods, steel pipe rows and steel pipe rows are arranged at intervals, so that the grouting anchor rods, the steel pipe rows and the steel pipe rows are connected with a rock-soil body to form a whole, and the advantages of the supporting structure are better exerted; and the anti-pulling pile arranged on the foundation of the bottom of the retaining wall and the anti-sliding pile arranged on the bottom of the outer wall foot are better in structural integrity, and finally, the deformation of the rock-soil body and the tunnel caused by the biasing effect is limited through the supporting structure arranged on the rock-soil body of the staggered section.
2. The support structure for the staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal segment conforms to the principle of preventing the staggered tunnel segment from being damaged, adopts the method for reinforcing the staggered section rock-soil body, prevents the staggered part of the staggered section rock-soil body and the tunnel from being damaged, and effectively solves the problems of the staggered part of the staggered section rock-soil body and the tunnel stability of the staggered section of the staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal segment.
3. The staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section support structure is simple in structure, reasonable in design and convenient to construct.
4. According to the invention, the grouting anchor rod and the steel reinforcement cage are fixed by adopting the fixed connecting piece, the steel reinforcement cage and the grouting anchor rod can be initially fixed through the limiting action between the fixed rod and the limiting rod as well as between the fixed rod and the spring steel sheet, the installation position of the steel reinforcement cage is limited, and meanwhile, the grouting anchor rod is prevented from being displaced in a rock-soil body; then, the first locking nut and the second locking nut are adopted to carry out threaded connection and fixation on the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod, so that the fixation strength is improved, and the supporting effect of the tunnel portal section is improved.
5. The fixed connecting piece can automatically realize the fixed limit between the fixed rod and the limit rod and between the fixed rod and the spring steel sheet only by moving the steel reinforcement cage left and right when in use, namely, the fixed between the steel reinforcement cage and a rock-soil body is realized, and the fixed connection among the first threaded rod, the first locking nut, the second threaded rod and the second locking nut can realize the limit fixation between the steel reinforcement cage and the grouting anchor rod and the fixed plate, so that the fixed connection among the steel reinforcement cage, the grouting anchor rod and the rock-soil body is realized, the connection strength is improved, and the displacement generated during the later concrete pouring is avoided, and the supporting effect is influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a staggered double-hole small clear-distance tunnel portal section support structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a staggered double-hole small clear-distance tunnel portal segment support structure according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a reinforcement cage and a grouting anchor in a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 3 illustrating a portion of the structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of a mounting plate structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion B of FIG. 4 illustrating a portion of the structure in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 7 is an enlarged view of part C of fig. 6 according to the present invention.
Wherein: 100-tunnel, 1-retaining wall, 2-rock-soil body, 3-grouting anchor rod, 4-steel pipe, 5-anti-pulling pile, 6-slide pile, 7-steel reinforcement cage, 8-fixed plate, 9-first threaded rod, 10-first lock nut, 11-second threaded rod, 12-second lock nut, 13-first stopper, 14-limiting hole, 15-limiting groove, 16-fixed rod, 17-limiting rod, 18-spring steel sheet, 19-first slot, 20-second slot, 21-inclined plane structure, 22-telescopic rod, 23-trapezoidal block, 24-reset spring, 25-sliding slot, 26-sliding block, 27-ball and 28-ball slot.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment one:
the utility model provides a little clear distance tunnel portal section supporting construction of stagger double-hole, includes retaining wall 1, its characterized in that: the soil retaining wall comprises a soil body (2) and a retaining wall (1), and is characterized by further comprising grouting anchor rods (3) and steel pipes (4) which are arranged between the soil body (2) at the outer side of a staggered section tunnel (100), wherein a plurality of anti-pulling piles (5) are arranged on the bottom foundation of the retaining wall (1), and a plurality of anti-sliding piles (6) are arranged at the outer side wall foot of the retaining wall (1); the grouting anchor rods 3, the steel pipes 4, the anti-pulling piles 5 and the anti-sliding piles 6 are fixedly connected with the retaining wall 1.
Specifically, the grouting anchor rod 3 is of a hollow structure, and the grouting anchor rod 3 is arranged along the rock-soil body 2 in an obliquely downward direction; the steel pipe 4 is a solid steel pipe, and the steel pipe 4 and the grouting anchor rods 3 are respectively arranged on two mutually perpendicular surfaces of the rock-soil body 2; the grouting anchor rods 3 and the steel pipes 4 are arranged at intervals in rows; the anti-pulling piles 5 are arranged at intervals in two rows, and the anti-pulling piles 5 in two rows are staggered.
The retaining wall 1 is of a trapezoid structure, and two vertical side faces of the retaining wall 1 are respectively attached to two faces of the rock-soil body 2, which are perpendicular to each other.
Further, the construction method of the staggered double-hole small-clearance tunnel portal section supporting structure comprises the following steps,
s1: after the excavation of the rock-soil body 2 outside the staggered section tunnel 100 is completed (the rock-soil body 2 outside the staggered section tunnel 100 is excavated into a structure with the exposed two sides being mutually perpendicular as shown in fig. 2), the outside part of the rock-soil body 2 is leveled, and a bottom foundation of the retaining wall 1 is formed;
s2: grouting anchor rods 3 are obliquely downwards arranged on the rock-soil body 2 outside the staggered section tunnel 100; when the grouting anchor rod 3 is arranged, one end of the grouting anchor rod 3 is exposed out of the rock-soil body 2, the other end of the grouting anchor rod extends into the rock-soil body 2, and a gap is reserved between the end of the grouting anchor rod 3 extending into the rock-soil body 2 and the corresponding outline line of the tunnel;
s3: a steel pipe 4 is vertically driven into the rock-soil body 2 on the surface which is mutually perpendicular to the side surface of the grouting anchor rod 3; when the steel pipe 4 is arranged, one end of the steel pipe 4 is exposed outside the rock-soil body 2;
s4: two rows of uplift piles 5 are arranged at intervals on the foundation of the bottom of the retaining wall 1;
s5: manufacturing a reinforcement cage 7 for pouring the retaining wall 1, and fixedly connecting the reinforcement cage 7 with the grouting anchor rods 3, the steel pipes 4 and the uplift piles 5;
s6: pouring concrete to form a retaining wall 1;
s7: a row of slide resistant piles 6 are arranged at the bottom of the outer side of the corner of the retaining wall 1.
Embodiment two:
on the basis of the first embodiment, in step S5, a fixed connection member is disposed between the reinforcement cage 7 and each grouting anchor 3, and the grouting anchor 3 is disposed along the obliquely downward direction of the rock-soil body 2, so that the fixed connection member can rapidly fix the reinforcement cage 7 and the obliquely disposed grouting anchor 3, and can prevent the grouting anchor 3 from separating from the rock-soil body in the fixing process. Specifically, the fixed connection piece is including fixed cover establishing fixed plate 8 outside the slip casting stock 3, the side of fixed plate 8 is laminated completely with the side of ground body 2, and slip casting stock 3 slope runs through fixed plate 8, namely when driving into slip casting stock 3, is beaten into slip casting stock 3 to fixed plate 8 and ground body 2 laminating can. A first threaded rod 9 is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the fixing plate 8, which is close to the reinforcement cage 7, and a first locking nut 10 matched with the first threaded rod 9 is connected to the first threaded rod 9 in a threaded manner; a second threaded rod 11 is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the reinforcement cage 7, which is close to the fixing plate 8, the second threaded rod 11 is coaxial with the first threaded rod 9, the diameter of the second threaded rod 11 is larger than that of the first threaded rod 9, a second locking nut 12 is fixedly welded at one end of the first locking nut 10, which is close to the second threaded rod 11, and the second locking nut 12 is matched with the second threaded rod 11; the first threaded rod 9 and the second threaded rod 11 can be connected together through the first locking nut 10 and the second locking nut 12, so that the reinforcement cage 7, the fixing plate 8 and the grouting anchor rod 3 are connected, the threaded connection stability is good, and the connection strength is high.
In order to prevent the integral structure formed by the first locking nut 10 and the second locking nut 12 from falling off from the first threaded rod 9, a first limiting block 13 is fixedly arranged at one end of the first threaded rod 9, which is close to the reinforcement cage 7; the external diameter of the first limiting block 13 is larger than the diameter of the first threaded rod 9, and the external diameter of the first limiting block 13 is smaller than the diameter of the second threaded rod 11, when the first locking nut 10 is screwed to be attached to the first limiting block 13, the first locking nut 10 cannot be continuously screwed, and the first locking nut 10 is prevented from being separated from the first threaded rod 9.
Further, the fixed connection piece further comprises two limiting holes 14 formed in the fixing plate 8, the two limiting holes 14 are symmetrically formed in two sides of the grouting anchor rod 3, two limiting grooves 15 corresponding to the limiting holes 14 are formed in the rock-soil body 2, the limiting holes 14 are communicated with the corresponding limiting grooves 15, two fixing rods 16 matched with the limiting holes 14 are fixedly arranged on one side surface of the reinforcing cage 7, close to the fixing plate 8, of the reinforcing cage 7, the fixing rods 16 penetrate through the limiting holes 14 and the limiting grooves 15, and limiting assemblies are further arranged between the side walls of the limiting grooves 15 and the fixing rods 16.
The limiting assembly comprises a limiting rod 17 fixedly arranged on the side wall of the limiting groove 15, a spring steel sheet 18 is fixedly arranged at the end part of the limiting rod 17, which is close to one end of the fixing rod 16, the spring steel sheet 18 can be bent under the action of external force, deformation can be recovered when the external force is lost, and the whole structure of the limiting rod 17 and the spring steel sheet 18 can be pre-buried in the rock-soil body 2 corresponding to the limiting groove 15. A first slot 19 and a second slot 20 are sequentially formed in the center position of one end of the fixed rod 16, which is close to the limiting rod 17, the first slot 19 is communicated with the second slot 20, the diameter of the first slot 19 is smaller than that of the second slot 20, and the diameter of the spring steel sheet 18 is larger than that of the first slot 19 and smaller than that of the second slot 20; when the fixing rod 16 is pushed rightward, the end part of the fixing rod 16 pushes the spring steel sheet 18, after the spring steel sheet 18 is bent, the spring steel sheet 18 can pass through the first slot 19, after the spring steel sheet 18 is completely separated from the first slot 19, as the outer diameter of the spring steel sheet 18 is smaller than the diameter of the second slot 20, when the spring steel sheet 18 is positioned in the second slot 20, the spring steel sheet 18 is not extruded by external force, and is deformed, the fixing rod 16 is pulled leftward, so that the spring steel sheet 18 is clamped at the joint of the first slot 19 and the second slot 20, and as the limiting rod 17 is embedded in a rock-soil body, the movement cannot occur, and therefore, when the spring steel sheet 18 is clamped at the joint of the first slot 19 and the second slot 20, the grouting anchor rod 3 can be prevented from displacing in the rock-soil body 2 during fixing.
In order to avoid reverse bending of the spring steel sheet 18 when the fixing rod 16 is pulled outwards, the top surface end of the fixing rod 16 is set to be of an inclined surface structure 21, a trapezoid block 23 is connected to the top wall of the limiting groove 15 through a telescopic rod 22, the telescopic rod 22 is fixedly arranged on the top wall of the limiting groove 15, the telescopic rod 22 can freely stretch out and draw back under the action of external force, the inclined surface of the trapezoid block 23 is positioned at the bottom of the trapezoid block 23, the inclined surface of the trapezoid block 23 is parallel to the inclined surface structure 21, a reset spring 24 is sleeved outside the telescopic rod 22, the top of the reset spring 24 is fixedly connected with the top wall of the limiting groove 15, and the bottom of the reset spring 24 is fixedly connected with the top of the trapezoid block 23; when the fixing rod 16 is pushed to the right, the inclined surface structure 21 at the end part of the fixing rod 16 can upwards extrude the trapezoid block 23, the telescopic rod 22 is contracted, and meanwhile the return spring 24 is extruded until the trapezoid block 23 is all positioned at the top of the fixing rod 16, the fixing rod 16 is pushed to the right continuously, and the fixing rod 16 can slide at the bottom of the trapezoid block 23; a sliding groove 25 is formed in the top of the fixed rod 16, and a sliding block 26 matched with the trapezoid block 23 is connected in a sliding manner in the sliding groove 25; when the fixed rod 16 is pushed rightward, when the sliding groove 25 moves to the lower part of the trapezoid block 23, the reset spring 24 is restored to deform, the trapezoid block 23 is pushed into the sliding groove 25, the bottom of the trapezoid block 23 is attached to the top surface of the sliding block 26, magnets can be adopted for adsorption fixation, and after the trapezoid block 23 and the sliding block 26 are fixed, the sliding block 26 is in sliding connection with the sliding groove 25 when the fixed rod 16 is pushed and pulled forward and backward, so that the sliding block 26 and the trapezoid block 23 are kept in the same vertical direction.
In order to reduce the sliding friction between the trapezoid block 23 and the inclined surface structure 21 and between the trapezoid block and the top of the fixed rod 16, a plurality of balls 27 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the trapezoid block 23, and a plurality of ball grooves 28 matched with the balls 27 are formed at the top of the sliding block 26. When the bottom surface of the trapezoid block 23 is attached to the top of the sliding block 26, the balls 27 fall into the corresponding ball grooves 28, the ball grooves 28 can be made of elastic deformable materials, such as soft rubber materials, and the balls 27 can fall into the ball grooves 28 under the extrusion action, so that the fixing action between the trapezoid block 23 and the sliding block 26 is further improved. When the fixing rod 16 is pulled leftwards, the spring steel sheet 18 is clamped at the joint of the first slot 19 and the second slot 20, the right side surfaces of the trapezoid block 23 and the sliding block 26 are attached to the right side surface of the sliding groove 25, the fixing rod 16 is limited, and reverse bending of the spring steel sheet 18 caused by overlarge pulling amplitude of the fixing rod 16 leftwards is avoided.
The working principle of the fixed connecting piece in the invention is as follows: when the reinforcement cage 7 and the grouting anchor rod 3 are fixed, the reinforcement cage 7 is close to the grouting anchor rod 3 from the left side of the grouting anchor rod 3, the fixing rod 16 is inserted into the corresponding limiting hole 14 and the limiting groove 15, the reinforcement cage 7 is continuously pushed rightwards, the end part of the fixing rod 16 on the reinforcement cage 7 is moved to be contacted with the spring steel sheet 18 and then pushes the spring steel sheet 18, the spring steel sheet 18 can be bent and then pass through the first slot 19, meanwhile, the inclined surface structure 21 at the end part of the fixing rod 16 upwards presses the trapezoid block 23, the telescopic rod 22 is contracted, and meanwhile the reset spring 24 is pressed until the trapezoid block 23 is all positioned at the top of the fixing rod 16, the fixing rod 16 is continuously pushed rightwards, and the fixing rod 16 can slide at the bottom of the trapezoid block 23; after the spring steel sheet 18 is completely separated from the first slot 19, the spring steel sheet 18 is positioned in the second slot 20 and is not extruded by external force, so that the deformation is recovered; at this time, the sliding groove 25 moves to the lower part of the trapezoid block 23, and the return spring 24 recovers the deformation, so that the trapezoid block 23 is pushed into the sliding groove 25 and magnetically adsorbed and fixed with the sliding block 26;
then pull dead lever 16 to the left, make spring steel sheet 18 card in the junction of first fluting 19 and second fluting 20, at this moment, slider 26 and the bottom surface sliding connection of sliding tray 25, when spring steel sheet 18 card was in the junction of first fluting 19 and second fluting 20, the right flank laminating of trapezoidal piece 23 and slider 26 and the right flank of sliding tray 25 carries out spacing to dead lever 16, has avoided dead lever 16 to pull the too big reverse buckling that causes spring steel sheet 18 to the range to the left.
Further, the first locking nut 10 is rotated to enable the second locking nut 12 to be in threaded connection with the second threaded rod 11 to form an integral structure, so that the connection strength is improved.
It should be noted that, the reinforcement cage 7 is formed by binding and welding reinforcement bars, gaps are reserved between adjacent reinforcement bars to form a net structure, when the grouting anchor rod 3 is fixed, the grouting anchor rod 3 is inserted into the net structure of the reinforcement cage 7, and the part where the grouting anchor rod 3 contacts with the reinforcement cage 7 can also adopt reinforcement bars to bind or weld to form an integral structure, the fixed connecting piece in the invention is mainly used for preventing the grouting anchor rod 3 from shifting when being fixed; the structure of the reinforcement cage 7 belongs to the prior art, and the description of the invention is omitted, and the reinforcement cage 7 in the drawing of the specification of the invention only represents one side closest to the grouting anchor 3, and the complete structure of the reinforcement cage 7 is not shown in the invention.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (3)

1. The construction method of the staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section supporting structure comprises a retaining wall (1), and further comprises grouting anchor rods (3) and steel pipes (4) which are arranged between a rock-soil body (2) outside a staggered section tunnel (100) and the retaining wall (1), wherein a plurality of anti-pulling piles (5) are arranged on the bottom foundation of the retaining wall (1), and a plurality of anti-sliding piles (6) are arranged at the outer wall foot of the retaining wall (1); the grouting anchor rod (3), the steel pipe (4), the anti-pulling pile (5) and the anti-sliding pile (6) are fixedly connected with the retaining wall (1);
the grouting anchor rod (3) is of a hollow structure, and the grouting anchor rod (3) is arranged along the rock-soil body (2) in an obliquely downward direction;
the steel pipe (4) is a solid steel pipe, and the steel pipe (4) and the grouting anchor rod (3) are respectively arranged on two mutually perpendicular surfaces of the rock-soil body (2);
the grouting anchor rods (3) and the steel pipes (4) are arranged at intervals row by row;
the anti-pulling piles (5) are arranged in two rows at intervals, and the two rows of the anti-pulling piles (5) are staggered;
the retaining wall (1) is of a trapezoid structure, and two vertical side surfaces of the retaining wall (1) are respectively attached to two mutually perpendicular surfaces of the rock-soil body (2);
it is characterized in that the construction method comprises the following steps,
s1: after the rock-soil body (2) outside the staggered section tunnel (100) is excavated, flattening the outer part of the rock-soil body (2) to form a bottom foundation of the retaining wall (1);
s2: a grouting anchor rod (3) is obliquely downwards arranged on a rock-soil body (2) outside the staggered section tunnel (100);
s3: a steel pipe (4) is vertically driven into the rock-soil body (2) on the surface which is mutually perpendicular to the side surface of the grouting anchor rod (3);
s4: two rows of uplift piles (5) are arranged at intervals on the bottom foundation of the retaining wall (1);
s5: manufacturing a reinforcement cage (7) for pouring the retaining wall (1), and fixedly connecting the reinforcement cage (7) with the grouting anchor rods (3), the steel pipes (4) and the anti-pulling piles (5);
s6: pouring concrete to form a retaining wall (1);
s7: a row of anti-slide piles (6) are arranged at the bottom of the outer side of the corner of the retaining wall (1);
in the step S5, a fixed connecting piece is arranged between the reinforcement cage (7) and each grouting anchor rod (3), the fixed connecting piece comprises a fixed plate (8) fixedly sleeved outside the grouting anchor rods (3), a first threaded rod (9) is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the fixed plate (8) close to the reinforcement cage (7), and a first locking nut (10) matched with the first threaded rod (9) is movably connected to the first threaded rod (9); a second threaded rod (11) is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the reinforcement cage (7) close to the fixed plate (8), the second threaded rod (11) is coaxial with the first threaded rod (9), the diameter of the second threaded rod (11) is larger than that of the first threaded rod (9), a second locking nut (12) is fixedly connected to one end of the first locking nut (10) close to the second threaded rod (11), and the second locking nut (12) is matched with the second threaded rod (11);
a first limiting block (13) is fixedly arranged at one end, close to the reinforcement cage (7), of the first threaded rod (9); the outer diameter of the first limiting block (13) is larger than the diameter of the first threaded rod (9), and the outer diameter of the first limiting block (13) is smaller than the diameter of the second threaded rod (11).
2. The construction method of the staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section supporting structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the fixed connection piece is further characterized by comprising two limiting holes (14) formed in the fixing plate (8), the two limiting holes (14) are symmetrically formed in two sides of the grouting anchor rod (3), two limiting grooves (15) corresponding to the limiting holes (14) are formed in the rock-soil body (2), the limiting holes (14) are communicated with the corresponding limiting grooves (15), two fixing rods (16) matched with the limiting holes (14) are fixedly arranged on one side surface, close to the fixing plate (8), of the reinforcement cage (7), the fixing rods (16) penetrate through the limiting holes (14) and the limiting grooves (15), and limiting assemblies are further arranged between the side walls of the limiting grooves (15) and the fixing rods (16).
3. The construction method of the staggered double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section supporting structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the limiting assembly comprises a limiting rod (17) fixedly arranged on the side wall of the limiting groove (15), and a spring steel sheet (18) is fixedly arranged at the end part of the limiting rod (17) close to one end of the fixed rod (16); a first groove (19) and a second groove (20) are sequentially formed in the position, close to the center of one end of the limiting rod (17), of the fixing rod (16), the first groove (19) is communicated with the second groove (20), the diameter of the first groove (19) is smaller than that of the second groove (20), and the diameter of the spring steel sheet (18) is larger than that of the first groove (19) and smaller than that of the second groove (20);
the top surface end of the fixed rod (16) is of an inclined surface structure (21), a trapezoid block (23) is connected to the top wall of the limit groove (15) through a telescopic rod (22), the inclined surface of the trapezoid block (23) is parallel to the inclined surface structure (21), a reset spring (24) is sleeved outside the telescopic rod (22), the top of the reset spring (24) is fixedly connected with the top wall of the limit groove (15), and the bottom of the reset spring (24) is fixedly connected with the top of the trapezoid block (23); a sliding groove (25) is formed in the top of the fixed rod (16), and a sliding block (26) matched with the trapezoid block (23) is connected in a sliding manner in the sliding groove (25); the bottom of trapezoidal piece (23) evenly installs a plurality of balls (27), a plurality of with ball groove (28) that match of ball (27) are seted up at the top of sliding block (26).
CN202210454104.4A 2022-04-27 2022-04-27 Offset double-hole small-clear-distance tunnel portal section supporting structure and construction method Active CN114960741B (en)

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US3968655A (en) * 1973-07-13 1976-07-13 Mcglothlin William K Method of reinforcing tunnels before excavation
US8551123B2 (en) * 2008-11-13 2013-10-08 Rajiv D. Pandya Device for the intraosteal seizing of sutures
CN103089272B (en) * 2013-02-07 2016-04-27 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 A kind of construction method being positioned at mountain slope toe tunnel
CN204343306U (en) * 2014-12-11 2015-05-20 西南交通大学 Tunnel, landslide integration Reinforcement device
CN112814701A (en) * 2021-03-08 2021-05-18 中铁四局集团第一工程有限公司 Tunnel anti-skidding reinforced structure suitable for wear landslide down

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