CN114959905A - Catalyst-free synthesized tantalum carbide nano whisker and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Catalyst-free synthesized tantalum carbide nano whisker and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114959905A
CN114959905A CN202210216794.XA CN202210216794A CN114959905A CN 114959905 A CN114959905 A CN 114959905A CN 202210216794 A CN202210216794 A CN 202210216794A CN 114959905 A CN114959905 A CN 114959905A
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tac
catalyst
whisker
graphite crucible
tantalum carbide
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张守阳
郭瑶
宋强
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/60Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape characterised by shape
    • C30B29/62Whiskers or needles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/10Inorganic compounds or compositions
    • C30B29/36Carbides
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a catalyst-free synthesized tantalum carbide nano whisker and a preparation method thereof. Meanwhile, the required production equipment is simple, the technological process is simple, the parameters are easy to control, the reliability and the repeatability are good, and the large-scale production is easy to realize. The TaC nano crystal whisker prepared by the process method has the obvious advantages of high purity and large length-diameter ratio (125-2000), so that the TaC nano crystal whisker has higher specific strength, can be used as an ideal nano reinforcement to be applied to various composite materials, and can obviously improve the strength and the thermal shock resistance of the materials and also improve the electrical conductivity of the materials.

Description

Catalyst-free synthesized tantalum carbide nano whisker and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a nano material preparation technology, and relates to a catalyst-free synthesized tantalum carbide nano whisker and a preparation method thereof.
Background
As an excellent transition metal carbide, TaC has high hardness (Mohs hardness 9-10), high melting point (3880 ℃), high Young modulus (283-550GPa), good electric conductivity (32.7-117.4 mu omega cm at 25 ℃) and good chemical corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and has attractive application prospect in the high-temperature field. The TaC nanowhisker has the advantages of good performance of TaC ceramics, high length-diameter ratio, few defects and high specific strength, is an ideal composite material reinforcement, can obviously improve the strength and thermal shock resistance when being applied to ceramic matrix and C/C composite materials, can obviously improve the strength and modulus of the materials when being applied to polymer composite materials, and can obviously improve the conductivity of the materials. Meanwhile, the TaC nanowhisker also has excellent conductivity and chemical stability, and has potential advantages in the aspects of assembly of electronic probes, microelectronic devices and the like.
At present, few reports about preparation methods of TaC nanowhiskers exist, and metal powder is introduced as a catalyst.
Document 1 "M.Johnson and M.Nygren.Carbothermal synthesis of TaC whiteskers via vapor-liquid growth mechanism, 1997,12(9): 2419- 2 O 5 A C-NaCl reaction system, and growing straight TaC whiskers with smooth surfaces in a relatively low temperature region (1200-1300 ℃) by a carbothermal reduction method. The whiskers prepared by the document have a diameter of 0.1-0.6 μm and a length of 10-30 μm. The main impurities are TaC particles, small amounts of unreacted carbon and residues of Ni catalyst.
Document 2 "Y.J.Chen, J.B.Li, Q.M.Wei, et al.preparation of differential morphology of TaCx whiskers. materials Letters,2002,56: 279-" tantalum carbide whiskers (TaCx) with different morphologies were successfully prepared from different raw material systems by carbothermic reduction under the process conditions of inert gas and 1150-. From Ta 2 O 5 A part of the whisker prepared by the-C-KCl-Ni system is in a square column shape, the diameter of the whisker is about 0.6 μm, and the length of the whisker is 3 μm; and the other part is a square cone with a sawtooth tip, and the length of the other part is 1-10 mu m. From Ta 2 O 5 The whiskers prepared by the-C-NaCl-Ni system are mostly square column-shaped, the top end of each whisker is provided with spherical liquid drops, the diameter of each whisker is 0.2-0.5 mu m, and the length of each whisker is 5-10 mu m. From Ta 2 O 5 -NaF-C-C 12 H 22 O 11 The whiskers prepared by the (sucrose) system grow in clusters, are in a flat fiber shape, and have the diameter of 0.1-0.5 mu m and the length of 10-50 mu m.
Literature3 'X.Y.Tao, J.Du, Y.P.Li, et al.TaC nanowire/activated carbon micro fiber structures from bamboo fibers advanced Energy Materials,2011,1:534 plus 539' the catalyst and tantalum precursor (Ta. precursor) 2 O 5 -NaF-ZnCl 2 -Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O-Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O) is loaded on the bamboo fiber, and the TaC nanowire/activated carbon superfine fiber hybrid structure is obtained after heat treatment for 2 hours at 1300 ℃, and a large amount of TaC nanowires grow radially on the carbon microfiber. The surface is smooth, the tip is provided with catalyst particles, the diameter is about 110nm, and the length is more than 20 mu m.
Document 4 "J.Wang, G.D.Li, X.Xiong, et al.growth mechanism of TaC whiteskers synthesized via Ta 2 O 5 Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy,2016,21(1):65-71. "using Ta 2 O 5 Preparing TaC whiskers with different shapes by a NaF-C system through heat treatment at 1200 ℃ for 3 hours by a carbothermic method, wherein the length of a cylindrical whisker is 6.6-144.5 mu m, the diameter of the cylindrical whisker is 0.30-0.84 mu m, and a spherical liquid drop structure can be observed; the regular square column whisker with the quadrangular pyramid head has smooth surface, length of 25.2-67.0 microns, square section and side length of 1.8-2.8 microns.
Comprehensive analysis shows that the preparation of TaC nanowhiskers mostly needs metal catalysts, and the introduction of the catalysts influences the purity of the nanowhiskers. Moreover, it can be seen from the above documents that the TaC whiskers produced by the prior art are all shorter in length and therefore have a small aspect ratio (5-482). The TaC nano-whisker prepared by the carbothermic method has the diameter distribution of 0.2-0.4 μm, the length of about 50-400 μm, the length-diameter ratio of 125-2000, no introduction of metal catalyst and higher purity. Meanwhile, the preparation process is simple, the preparation period is short, and the reliability and the repeatability are good.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a catalyst-free synthesized tantalum carbide nano whisker and a preparation method thereof, and provides a process method for preparing high-purity TaC nano whisker with the diameter of 0.2-0.4 mu m and the length of about 50-400 mu m.
Technical scheme
A catalyst-free synthesized tantalum carbide nano whisker is characterized in that: the TaC nano-whisker prepared by the carbothermic method has the diameter distribution of 0.2-0.4 μm, the length of about 50-400 μm and the length-diameter ratio of 125-2000.
A method for preparing the catalyst-free synthesized tantalum carbide nanowhisker is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: activated carbon C and tantalum oxide Ta 2 O 5 And sodium fluoride NaF powder, grinding in a ceramic mortar to uniformly mix, and uniformly spreading the powder in a graphite crucible;
ta is C 2 O 5 The molar ratio of NaF is 1:0.05-0.35: 0.3-1.2;
step 2: placing the graphite crucible containing the mixed powder in a horizontal tubular resistance furnace, carrying out carbothermic reduction reaction under the protection of inert gas, raising the temperature to 1200-1450 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-8 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 2-4 h; cooling to 200-400 ℃ at the cooling rate of 4-6 ℃/min, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out the graphite crucible to obtain the TaC nanowhisker.
The mixed powder of step 1 is sieved by a 100-300 mesh sieve.
The inert gas in the step 2 is argon Ar or nitrogen N 2
The gas flow of the inert gas in the step 2 is 20-60 ml/min.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a catalyst-free synthesized tantalum carbide nano whisker and a preparation method thereof. Meanwhile, the required production equipment is simple, the technological process is simple, the parameters are easy to control, the reliability and the repeatability are good, and the large-scale production is easy to realize. The TaC nano crystal whisker prepared by the process method has the obvious advantages of high purity and large length-diameter ratio (125-2000), so that the TaC nano crystal whisker has higher specific strength, can be used as an ideal nano reinforcement to be applied to various composite materials, and can obviously improve the strength and the thermal shock resistance of the materials and also improve the electrical conductivity of the materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of TaC nanowhiskers synthesized in example 1
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of TaC nanowhiskers synthesized in example 1
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples, and the accompanying drawings:
example 1:
step 1: according to the molar ratio of C to Ta 2 O 5 Raw materials are prepared by adding NaF (1: 0.2: 0.4) into a ceramic mortar and grinding to be uniformly mixed. The mixed powder is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, and the sieved powder is uniformly laid in a graphite crucible.
And 2, step: and (3) placing the graphite crucible containing the mixed powder in the step (2) in a horizontal tubular resistance furnace, introducing nitrogen with the gas flow of 30ml/min, raising the temperature to 1400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 2 h. And reducing the temperature to 400 ℃ at the cooling rate of 4 ℃/min, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out the graphite crucible to obtain the TaC nanowhisker.
TaC nanowhiskers were successfully prepared in example 1, and the X-ray diffraction pattern thereof is shown in FIG. 1, and the scanning electron microscopy pattern thereof is shown in FIG. 2. The tip of the TaC nanowhisker is free of catalyst particles, and has a diameter of about 0.28 μm, a length of about 50-200 μm, and an aspect ratio of about 180-715. By integrating X-ray diffraction spectrogram and scanning electron microscope image, it can be seen that no catalyst impurity is introduced, and the purity of the nano-whisker is high.
Example 2:
step 1: according to the molar ratio of C to Ta 2 O 5 Raw materials are prepared by adding NaF (1: 0.3: 0.8) into a ceramic mortar and grinding to be uniformly mixed. The mixed powder is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, and the sieved powder is uniformly paved into a graphite crucible.
Step 2: and (3) placing the graphite crucible filled with the mixed powder in the step (2) into a horizontal tubular resistance furnace, introducing argon with the gas flow of 40ml/min, raising the temperature to 1350 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 2 h. And reducing the temperature to 300 ℃ at the cooling rate of 4 ℃/min, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out the graphite crucible to obtain the TaC nanowhisker.
Example 3:
step 1: according to the molar ratio of C to Ta 2 O 5 Raw materials are prepared by adding NaF into a ceramic mortar and grinding the raw materials until the NaF is mixed uniformly, wherein the NaF is 1:0.1: 1.0. The mixed powder is sieved by a 300-mesh sieve, and the sieved powder is uniformly paved into a graphite crucible.
Step 2: and (3) placing the graphite crucible containing the mixed powder in the step (2) in a horizontal tubular resistance furnace, introducing nitrogen with the air flow of 60ml/min, heating to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 7 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 3 hours. And reducing the temperature to 200 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out the graphite crucible to obtain the TaC nanowhisker.
Example 4:
step 1: according to the molar ratio of C to Ta 2 O 5 Raw materials are prepared in a ratio of 1:0.2:1.2, and are put into a ceramic mortar to be ground and uniformly mixed. The mixed powder is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, and the sieved powder is uniformly paved into a graphite crucible.
Step 2: and (3) placing the graphite crucible filled with the mixed powder in the step (2) in a horizontal tubular resistance furnace, introducing argon with the gas flow of 20ml/min, raising the temperature to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 4 h. And reducing the temperature to 200 ℃ at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min, cooling the temperature to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out the graphite crucible to obtain the TaC nanowhisker.

Claims (5)

1. A catalyst-free synthesized tantalum carbide nano whisker is characterized in that: the TaC nano-whisker prepared by the carbothermic method has the diameter distribution of 0.2-0.4 μm, the length of about 50-400 μm and the length-diameter ratio of 125-2000.
2. A method of preparing the catalyst-free synthetic tantalum carbide nanowhiskers of claim 1, characterized by the steps of:
step 1: activated carbon C and tantalum oxide Ta 2 O 5 And sodium fluoride NaF powder, grinding in a ceramic mortar to uniformly mix, and uniformly spreading the powder in a graphite crucible;
ta is C 2 O 5 The molar ratio of NaF is 1:0.05-0.35: 0.3-1.2;
step 2: placing the graphite crucible containing the mixed powder in a horizontal tubular resistance furnace, carrying out carbothermic reduction reaction under the protection of inert gas, raising the temperature to 1200-1450 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-8 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 2-4 h; cooling to 200-400 ℃ at the cooling rate of 4-6 ℃/min, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out the graphite crucible to obtain the TaC nanowhisker.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the mixed powder of step 1 is sieved by a 100-300 mesh sieve.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: the inert gas in the step 2 is argon Ar or nitrogen N 2
5. The method of claim 2, wherein: the gas flow of the inert gas in the step 2 is 20-60 ml/min.
CN202210216794.XA 2022-03-07 2022-03-07 Catalyst-free synthesized tantalum carbide nano whisker and preparation method thereof Pending CN114959905A (en)

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CN110042468A (en) * 2019-04-08 2019-07-23 西北工业大学 A kind of preparation method of micrometer silicon carbide zirconium whisker
CN112195503A (en) * 2020-09-24 2021-01-08 西北工业大学 Method for synthesizing hafnium carbide crystal whisker with large length-diameter ratio by carbothermic reduction method
CN114032607A (en) * 2021-11-02 2022-02-11 西北工业大学 Method for preparing zirconium carbide whisker by adopting zirconium carbide seed crystal

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20180154435A1 (en) * 2011-06-17 2018-06-07 Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC Titanium-Group Nano-Whiskers and Method of Production
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CN105732042A (en) * 2016-03-01 2016-07-06 郑州大学 Method for preparing ultrafine tantalum carbide powder by using fused salt under assistance of low temperature
CN106784667A (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-05-31 武汉科技大学 A kind of charcoal material surface SiC Nanometer Whiskers and preparation method thereof
CN110042468A (en) * 2019-04-08 2019-07-23 西北工业大学 A kind of preparation method of micrometer silicon carbide zirconium whisker
CN112195503A (en) * 2020-09-24 2021-01-08 西北工业大学 Method for synthesizing hafnium carbide crystal whisker with large length-diameter ratio by carbothermic reduction method
CN114032607A (en) * 2021-11-02 2022-02-11 西北工业大学 Method for preparing zirconium carbide whisker by adopting zirconium carbide seed crystal

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