CN114959427A - 一种汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法 - Google Patents
一种汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了本发明的目的是提供一种汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法，在超低碳钢中添加一定量的T i元素，T i与C、N含量相互协调，使钢中保留1～20ppm的自由碳含量，使产品具有35～70MPa的烘烤硬化性；同时添加P、Mn元素，协同冷轧退火核心工艺，提高产品抗拉强度，保证较低屈强比，实现成品屈服强度180～230MPa，抗拉强度300～340Mpa，断后伸长率37.0～47.0％(横向，拉伸检验：L0＝80mm，b＝20mm)，n值0.20～0.23，r值1.9～2.50，保证较低的屈强比0.59～0.67，具有良好的冲压性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料成型领域，尤其涉及一种汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法，此发明材料广泛用于冲压汽车顶盖、门板、侧围等汽车外覆盖件。
背景技术
超低碳烘烤硬化钢板由于具有较好的深冲性能、抗凹陷性能以及在后期烤漆后较高的屈服强度，顺应了汽车轻量化发展以及节约能源的需求，成为近年来汽车行业钢板用钢的研究热点。烘烤硬化钢其在物理冶金、强化机理、使用特性等方面与传统高强钢存在很大差异。其通过微合金元素与C、N含量相互协调来控制固溶原子的数量，在交货状态下具有较低的屈服强度，有利于成形，成形后涂漆烘烤时，材料的屈服强度进一步提高，使零件具有良好的抗凹陷性和抗内压性，生产难度较大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法，在超低碳钢中添加一定量的Ti元素，Ti与C、N含量相互协调，使钢中保留1～20ppm的自由碳含量，使产品具有35～70MPa的烘烤硬化性；同时添加P、Mn元素，提高产品抗拉强度，保证较低屈强比，实现成品屈服强度180～230MPa，抗拉强度300～340Mpa，断后伸长率37.0～47.0％(横向，拉伸检验：L0＝80mm，b＝20mm)，n值0.20～0.23，r值1.9～2.50，保证较低的屈强比0.59～0.67，具有良好的冲压性能。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明一种汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法，所述180MPa级冷轧超低碳烘烤硬化钢的质量百分比的化学成分为：C 0.0010～0.0040％、Si≤0.30％、Mn 0.20～0.50％、P 0.020～0.060％、Ti 0.010％～0.040％、Al 0.015％～0.060％、S≤0.010％、O≤0.0050％、N≤0.0050％，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质；其具体制备工艺包括：
炼钢工艺：铁水→转炉炼钢→RH精炼→板坯连铸；铁水经脱硫预处理后进行转炉冶炼，要求入转炉铁水硫含量要求小于0.002％，铁水渣扒清面积大于95％；转炉冶炼要求出钢温度≥1670℃，必须使用周转包出钢，出钢温降要求小于70℃；RH工序要求根据转炉供RH钢水就位成分及温度进行深脱碳处理，脱碳结束后，根据定氧情况加入铝粒脱氧，循环4分钟以上后加入钛铁合金调整成分；调成分完毕后确保真空循环一定时间再测温、取样，钛铁加入后，纯脱气时间保证6min以上，钢水过热度30～60℃；
热轧工艺：板坯加热→高压水除鳞→定宽压力机→E1R1粗轧机轧制→E2R2粗轧机轧制→飞剪→高压水除鳞→F1～F7精轧机轧制→加密型层流冷却→卷取→托盘运输系统→取样、检验；其板坯加热温度为1180～1260℃；加热时间150～300min；粗轧模式采用3+3；精轧终轧温度≥890℃，卷取温度为600～700℃；
冷轧工艺：酸轧开卷→焊接→拉矫→酸洗→漂洗→烘干→切边→连轧机冷轧→分切→卷取→离线检查→称重→标识→打捆→包装→入库→连退开卷→焊接→清洗→入口活套→退火炉→出口活套→平整→检查活套→切边→表面检查→涂油→卷取→称重→取样、检验；退火工艺参数：加热和均热段出口温度760～860℃，缓冷段出口温度620～700℃，快冷段出口温度≤400℃，过时效段温度≤350℃，终冷段出口温度≤150℃，平整机延伸率1.0～1.6％。
进一步的，调成分完毕后确保真空循环3min后再测温、取样。
进一步的，所制备180MPa级冷轧超低碳烘烤硬化钢的金相组织为等轴铁素体，晶粒度7.5～9.5级。
进一步的，所制备180MPa级冷轧超低碳烘烤硬化钢的成品屈服强度180～230MPa，抗拉强度300～340Mpa，断后伸长率37.0～47.0％。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益技术效果：
本发明的汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法，采用Ti合金元素含量与C、N相互协调，消除部分间隙原子的基础上，钢中保留一定量自由碳；添加P和Mn元素设计思路，通过控制热轧、酸轧和退火工艺，实现成品性能的烘烤硬化性、低屈强比、高抗拉强度及断后伸长率。
附图说明
下面结合附图说明对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为成品金相组织。
具体实施方式
一种汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法，包括：
1.冶炼工艺
1.1脱硫预处理：采用KR铁水脱硫技术，要求深脱硫后终点硫含量在0.002％以内，KR脱硫通过机械搅拌法脱硫，搅拌头插入铁水中旋转，使铁水产生漩涡，然后向铁水漩涡中投入脱硫剂，使脱硫剂和铁水中的硫在不断的搅拌中发生脱硫反应，脱硫完成后将脱硫渣彻底扒除干净，要求铁水渣扒清面积要求大于95％，防止高硫渣兑入转炉中导致回硫。
1.2转炉冶炼：铁水经脱硫预处理后进行转炉冶炼，转炉脱磷工艺主要依靠高碱度、高氧化性、大渣量的炉渣进行脱磷。但是要想深脱磷，创造条件使铁水中的磷能够被大量氧化进入炉渣，才能达到深脱磷目标。转炉入炉铁水磷含量≤0.035％，吹氧脱碳升温，控制P、S成分，防止钢液过氧化，转炉终点温度控制在1670℃以上，必须使用周转包出钢，出钢温降要求小于70℃。转炉出钢过程加入锰铁进行合金化，加入白灰和改质剂进行顶渣改质。
1.3精炼：RH精炼炉根据钢水就位成分及温度进行脱碳处理，RH脱碳是超低碳钢生产中最重要的脱碳环节，由于真空处理时高温和搅拌强烈，所有利于提高脱碳速率的各项因素都可以加快脱碳反应。在真空室内压力迅速降低的过程中，随着提升气体流量增加，循环流量、容积系数增加，提高了脱碳速率，加快了脱碳反应的进行，脱碳结束后，根据定氧情况加入脱氧剂和成分铝，循环4分钟以上后加入钛铁、铌铁、金属锰、微碳硅铁、磷铁等合金调整成分。调成分完毕后确保真空循环3min方可测温、取样，钛铁加入后，纯脱气时间保证6min以上，保证钢水温度成分均匀化，同时有利于钢水夹杂物的上浮，提高钢水的洁净度。
1.4连铸：连铸保护浇注，防止钢液的二次氧化，避免钢水二次氧化钢质。采用恒拉速，拉速控制在1.0～2.0m/min，控制浇注合适的过热度，浇注过程中过热度控制在30～60℃左右，促进夹杂物的上浮，实现了多炉浇注。
2热轧工艺
采用步进式加热炉加热铸坯(加热工艺见表1)，粗轧采用双机架R1和R2往返式轧制，粗轧模式为3+3，精轧采用F1～F7连轧工艺，精轧温度900～960℃，保证奥氏体单相区轧制，卷取温度600～700℃，保证碳氮化物正常析出，提高深冲性能，具体热轧工艺见表2。
表1铸坯加热制度
表2轧制工艺
3退火工艺
退火使用立式连续退火炉，炉内采用还原性气氛和氮氢混合保护气氛冷却。加热段和均热段温度范围760～860℃，保证晶粒完全再结晶，加热炉各段出口温度控制情况见表3，平整机延伸率不同厚度控制情况见表4。
表3退火工艺
表4平整机延伸率
4实施例分析
4.1炼钢成分
根据以上的炼钢工艺要求，实际板坯化学成分(质量百分比)如下表5所示。
表5实例化学成分wt.％
4.2热轧性能
按照以上设计化学成分和热轧工艺，热轧板室温拉伸性能见表6，试验方法参照GB/T 228.1和GB/T 229。
表6热轧拉伸性能
4.3成品性能
在上述热轧性能的基础上进行冷轧和退火，成品的室温拉伸力学性能见表7，金相组织为等轴铁素体，晶粒度7.5～9.5级，组织形貌见图1。
表7成品拉伸性能
综上所述，本产品通过性能检验和用户使用各项性能满足需求。
本发明在超低碳钢中加入少量的Ti合金元素，与钢中的部分碳、氮原子结合生成碳氮化合物，保留一定量的固溶间隙原子C，连续退火工序采用高温退火及快速冷却，使其具有烘烤硬化性；同时添加一定量的Mn和P元素，通过置换型固溶强化来提高钢的强度。生产工艺经过冶炼、2250mm轧机、酸连轧和连续退火工艺，重点设计成分和冷轧退火核心工艺。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法，其特征在于：所述180MPa级冷轧超低碳烘烤硬化钢的质量百分比的化学成分为：C 0.0010～0.0040％、Si≤0.30％、Mn0.20～0.50％、P 0.020～0.060％、Ti 0.010％～0.040％、Al 0.015％～0.060％、S≤0.010％、O≤0.0050％、N≤0.0050％，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质；其具体制备工艺包括：
炼钢工艺：铁水→转炉炼钢→RH精炼→板坯连铸；铁水经脱硫预处理后进行转炉冶炼，要求入转炉铁水硫含量要求小于0.002％，铁水渣扒清面积大于95％；转炉冶炼要求出钢温度≥1670℃，必须使用周转包出钢，出钢温降要求小于70℃；RH工序要求根据转炉供RH钢水就位成分及温度进行深脱碳处理，脱碳结束后，根据定氧情况加入铝粒脱氧，循环4分钟以上后加入钛铁合金调整成分；调成分完毕后确保真空循环一定时间再测温、取样，钛铁加入后，纯脱气时间保证6min以上，钢水过热度30～60℃；
热轧工艺：板坯加热→高压水除鳞→定宽压力机→E1R1粗轧机轧制→E2R2粗轧机轧制→飞剪→高压水除鳞→F1～F7精轧机轧制→加密型层流冷却→卷取→托盘运输系统→取样、检验；其板坯加热温度为1180～1260℃；加热时间150～300min；粗轧模式采用3+3；精轧终轧温度≥890℃，卷取温度为600～700℃；
冷轧工艺：酸轧开卷→焊接→拉矫→酸洗→漂洗→烘干→切边→连轧机冷轧→分切→卷取→离线检查→称重→标识→打捆→包装→入库→连退开卷→焊接→清洗→入口活套→退火炉→出口活套→平整→检查活套→切边→表面检查→涂油→卷取→称重→取样、检验；退火工艺参数：加热和均热段出口温度760～860℃，缓冷段出口温度620～700℃，快冷段出口温度≤400℃，过时效段温度≤350℃，终冷段出口温度≤150℃，平整机延伸率1.0～1.6％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法，其特征在于：调成分完毕后确保真空循环3min后再测温、取样。
3.根据权利要求3所述的汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法，其特征在于：所制备180MPa级冷轧超低碳烘烤硬化钢的金相组织为等轴铁素体，晶粒度7.5～9.5级。
4.根据权利要求1所述的汽车用180MPa级超低碳烘烤硬化钢的制造方法，其特征在于：所制备180MPa级冷轧超低碳烘烤硬化钢的成品屈服强度180～230MPa，抗拉强度300～340Mpa，断后伸长率37.0～47.0％。
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