CN110358979A - 一种400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0231—Warm rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢及其制备方法,属于材料成型领域。该IF钢包括以下质量百分比的化学成分:C≤0.0030%、Si 0.10%~0.20%、Mn 0.6%~0.75%、P 0.070~0.080、Nb 0.025%~0.035%、Ti 0.020%~0.030%、Alt 0.020%~0.050%、B 0.0004~0.0015%、S≤0.008%、O≤0.0030%、N≤0.0040%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。本发明通过合理成分设计和工艺条件设计制备得到的400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢具有较低的屈强比0.56~0.60,使其具有良好的冲压性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料成型领域,具体涉及一种400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种主要用于汽车顶盖横梁、纵梁、支架、加强板等的400MPa级汽车用冷轧高强IF钢及其制备方法。
背景技术
现代汽车的主要发展方向是更加注重节能环保与安全性,实现降低车重的最好办法是使用高强度钢板。IF钢即为无间隙原子钢,是在超低碳钢中,加入钛(Ti)、铌(Nb)等强碳氮化合物形成元素,将钢中的碳、氮等间隙原子完全固定为碳氮化合物,从而得到无间隙原子的洁净铁素体钢,由于其具有优异的深冲性能,符合现代汽车用钢开发设计理念,在汽车行业得到广泛应用。目前生产400MPa级汽车用冷轧高强IF钢的技术含量高,生产难度大,限制了该种钢材在汽车行业中的应用。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题的一个或多个,本发明一个方面提供一种400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢,其包括以下质量百分比的化学成分:C≤0.0030%、Si 0.10%~0.20%、Mn0.6%~0.75%、P 0.070~0.080、Nb 0.025%~0.035%、Ti 0.020%~0.030%、Alt0.020%~0.050%、B 0.0004~0.0015%、S≤0.008%、O≤0.0030%、N≤0.0040%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
上述400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢的屈服强度为245~265MPa,抗拉强度为434~454MPa,断后伸长率≥39%,屈强比为0.56~0.60。
本发明另一方面提供了上述的400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢的制备方法,包括以下步骤:炼钢,热轧和冷轧;
其中所述炼钢的工序为:铁水→转炉→RH精炼→板坯连铸;其中铁水经脱硫预处理后进行转炉冶炼,转炉入炉铁水磷含量为0.120%~0.150%,铁水入炉硫含量达到0.002%以下,吹氧脱碳升温,去除钢水中P、S元素,防止钢液过氧化,转炉终点温度控制在1670℃以上;转炉出钢过程加入锰铁进行合金化,加入白灰和改质剂进行顶渣改质;RH炉脱碳结束后根据定氧情况加入脱氧剂和成分铝,循环4分钟以上后加入钛铁、铌铁、金属锰、微碳硅铁、磷铁等合金调整成分,调整成分完毕后确保真空循环6min后测温、取样;连铸采用保护浇注,防止钢液的二次氧化,采用恒拉速,拉速控制在1.3m/min左右,控制浇注合适的过热度,浇注过程中过热度控制在30℃左右,促进夹杂物的上浮,实现了多炉浇注;其中白灰、改质剂、脱氧剂等的添加可参照现有技术;
其中所述热轧的工序为:板坯加热→高压水除鳞→定宽压力机→E1R1粗轧机轧制→E2R2粗轧机轧制→飞剪→高压水除鳞→F1~F7精轧机轧制→加密型层流冷却→卷取→托盘运输系统→取样、检验;其中板坯加热温度为1200±20℃;加热时间≥130min;粗轧模式采用3+3;精轧终轧温度900~920℃,卷取温度为690~710℃;
其中所述冷轧的工序为:酸轧开卷→焊接→拉矫→酸洗→漂洗→烘干→切边→连轧机冷轧→分切→卷取→离线检查→称重→标识→打捆→包装→入库→连退开卷→焊接→清洗→入口活套→退火炉→出口活套→平整→检查活套→切边→表面检查→涂油→卷取→称重→取样、检验;退火工艺参数:加热和均热段出口温度810~830℃,缓冷段出口温度660~700℃,快冷段出口温度360~400℃,过时效段温度200~350℃,终冷段出口温度≤150℃,平整机延伸率0.7~0.9%。
基于以上技术方案提供的400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢及其制备方法通过调整化学成分中Nb、Ti合金元素消除间隙原子,同时添加并调整P、Si和Mn元素的含量,通过置换型固溶强化提高钢板强度,添加B元素改善P元素在晶界处偏析从而提高钢板韧性。并通过钢种成分设计,尤其是钢种成分中Si的含量配合其他成分的含量控制,以及生产工艺过程参数控制,即生产工艺经过冶炼、2250mm轧机、酸连轧和连续退火工艺,重点设计成分和冷轧退火核心工艺(即退火工艺参数:加热和均热段出口温度810~830℃,缓冷段出口温度660~700℃,快冷段出口温度360~400℃,过时效段温度200~350℃,终冷段出口温度≤150℃,平整机延伸率0.7~0.9%),获得一种具有较高断后延伸率、较低屈强比,同时具有较高抗拉强度和屈服强度的400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢,其成品力学性能为屈服强度245~265MPa,抗拉强度434~454MPa,断后伸长率≥39%(拉伸检验:L0=50mm,b=25mm),n值0.21~0.22,r值2.0~2.15,保证较低的屈强比0.56~0.60,具有良好的冲压性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备得到的钢板的金相组织图(50μm);
图2为本发明实施例1制备得到的钢板的金相组织图(20μm)。
具体实施方式
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供一种400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢,其包括以下质量百分比的化学成分:C≤0.0030%、Si 0.10%~0.20%、Mn 0.6%~0.75%、P 0.070~0.080、Nb 0.025%~0.035%、Ti 0.020%~0.030%、Alt 0.020%~0.050%、B 0.0004~0.0015%、S ≤0.008%、O≤0.0030%、N≤0.0040%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供一种400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1.冶炼工艺
1.1脱硫预处理:采用KR铁水脱硫技术,要求深脱硫后终点硫含量在0.002%以内,KR脱硫通过机械搅拌法脱硫,搅拌头插入铁水中旋转,使铁水产生漩涡,然后向铁水漩涡中投入脱硫剂,使脱硫剂和铁水中的硫在不断的搅拌中发生脱硫反应,脱硫完成后将脱硫渣彻底扒除干净,要求铁水渣扒清面积要求大于95%,防止高硫渣兑入转炉中导致回硫。
1.2转炉冶炼:铁水经脱硫预处理后进行转炉冶炼,转炉脱磷工艺主要依靠高碱度、高氧化性、大渣量的炉渣进行脱磷。但是要想深脱磷,创造条件使铁水中的磷能够被大量氧化进入炉渣,才能达到深脱磷目标。转炉入炉铁水磷含量0.120%~0.150%,铁水入炉硫含量达到0.002%以下,吹氧脱碳升温,控制P、S成分,防止钢液过氧化,转炉终点温度控制在1670℃以上。转炉出钢过程加入锰铁进行合金化,加入白灰和改质剂进行顶渣改质。
1.3精炼:RH精炼炉根据钢水就位成分及温度进行脱碳处理,RH脱碳是超低碳钢生产中最重要的脱碳环节,由于真空处理时高温和搅拌强烈,所有利于提高脱碳速率的各项因素都可以加快脱碳反应。在真空室内压力迅速降低的过程中,随着提升气体流量增加,循环流量、容积系数增加,提高了脱碳速率,加快了脱碳反应的进行,脱碳结束后,根据定氧情况加入脱氧剂和成分铝,循环4分钟以上后加入钛铁、铌铁、金属锰、微碳硅铁、磷铁等合金调整成分。调成分完毕后确保真空脱气循环6min,保证钢水温度成分均匀化,同时有利于钢水夹杂物的上浮,提高钢水的洁净度。
1.4连铸:连铸保护浇注,防止钢液的二次氧化,避免钢水二次氧化钢质。采用恒拉速,拉速控制在1.3m/min左右,控制浇注合适的过热度,浇注过程中过热度控制在30℃左右,促进夹杂物的上浮,实现了多炉浇注。
2热轧工艺
采用步进式加热炉加热铸坯(加热工艺见表1),粗轧采用双机架R1和R2往返式轧制,粗轧模式为3+3,精轧采用F1~F7连轧工艺,精轧温度890~910℃,保证奥氏体单相区轧制,卷取温度700℃,保证碳氮化物正常析出,提高深冲性能,具体热轧工艺见表2。
表1铸坯加热制度
表2轧制工艺
3退火工艺
退火使用立式连续退火炉,炉内采用还原性气氛和氮氢混合保护气氛冷却。加热段和均热段温度目标820℃,保证晶粒完全再结晶,加热炉各段出口温度控制情况见表3,平整机延伸率不同厚度控制情况见表4。
表3退火工艺
表4平整机延伸率
通过以下具体实施方式详细说明本发明。
实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,实施例将有助于理解本发明,但不应作为对本发明的限制。
实施例:
根据以上的炼钢工艺要求,实施例1-5以及对比例1-2的实际板坯化学成分(质量百分比)如下表5所示。
表5实施例1-5和对比例1-2的化学成分wt.%
实施例 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Nb | Ti | B |
1 | 0.0016 | 0.14 | 0.69 | 0.074 | 0.006 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.0008 |
2 | 0.0015 | 0.15 | 0.65 | 0.074 | 0.006 | 0.027 | 0.025 | 0.0006 |
3 | 0.0025 | 0.10 | 0.70 | 0.075 | 0.006 | 0.035 | 0.025 | 0.0006 |
4 | 0.0020 | 0.15 | 0.75 | 0.078 | 0.008 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.0008 |
5 | 0.0016 | 0.20 | 0.69 | 0.074 | 0.006 | 0.027 | 0.025 | 0.0012 |
对比例1 | 0.0020 | 0.06 | 0.69 | 0.074 | 0.008 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.0008 |
对比例2 | 0.0016 | 0.30 | 0.73 | 0.078 | 0.006 | 0.027 | 0.025 | 0.0008 |
按照以上设计化学成分和热轧工艺,热轧板室温拉伸性能见表6,试验方法参照GB/T228.1和GB/T 229。
表6实施例1-5和对比例1-2制备得到的钢材的热轧拉伸性能
实施例 | 屈服强度R<sub>eL</sub>/Mpa | 抗拉强度R<sub>m</sub>/MPa | 断后伸长率A<sub>50</sub>% |
1 | 375 | 515 | 32 |
2 | 360 | 510 | 33 |
3 | 400 | 540 | 34 |
4 | 380 | 525 | 32 |
5 | 395 | 530 | 34 |
对比例1 | 327 | 460 | 30 |
对比例2 | 431 | 582 | 22 |
在上述热轧性能的基础上进行冷轧和退火,成品的室温拉伸力学性能见表7,其中实施例1获得的IF钢的金相组织为等轴铁素体,晶粒度10.5级,组织形貌见图1和图2。
表7实施例1-5和对比例1-2制备得到的钢成品拉伸性能
从上表5-7中的数据可知,钢材原料中Si的变化配合其他原料化学成分含量,在本发明提供的制备方法的工艺条件下获得的冷轧高强IF钢的力学性能具有显著的差异,即当成分中Si的含量在0.1-0.2wt.%时,制备得到的400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢的抗拉强度在434MPa以上,屈服强度在245MPa以上,且屈强比范围为0.56-0.60,因此制备得到的IF钢具有较强的强度,同时还具有较低的屈强比,具有良好的冲压性能。而当Si的含量在0.1wt.%以下时(对比例1),虽然制备得到的IF钢的屈强比为0.59,但是其抗拉强度仅为367MPa,屈服强度仅为215MPa,不能满足生产钢的强度需要。当Si的含量在0.3wt.%(对比例2)时,虽然制备得到的IF钢具有较高的屈服强度和抗拉强度,但是其伸长率为28.0%,屈强比为0.70,其冲压性能不能满足生产需要。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢,其特征在于,所述400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢包括以下质量百分比的化学成分:C≤0.0030%、Si 0.10%~0.20%、Mn 0.6%~0.75%、P 0.070~0.080、Nb 0.025%~0.035%、Ti 0.020%~0.030%、Alt 0.020%~0.050%、B 0.0004~0.0015%、S≤0.008%、O≤0.0030%、N≤0.0040%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢,其特征在于,所述400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢的屈服强度为245~265MPa,抗拉强度为434~454MPa,断后伸长率≥39%,屈强比为0.56~0.60。
3.权利要求1或2所述的400MPa级冷轧高强IF钢的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:炼钢,热轧和冷轧;
其中所述炼钢的工序为:铁水→转炉→RH精炼→板坯连铸;其中铁水经脱硫预处理后进行转炉冶炼,转炉入炉铁水磷含量为0.120%~0.150%,铁水入炉硫含量达到0.002%以下,吹氧脱碳升温,去除钢水中P、S元素,防止钢液过氧化,转炉终点温度控制在1670℃以上;转炉出钢过程加入锰铁进行合金化,加入白灰和改质剂进行顶渣改质;RH炉脱碳结束后根据定氧情况加入脱氧剂和成分铝,循环4分钟以上后加入钛铁、铌铁、金属锰、微碳硅铁、磷铁等合金调整成分,调整成分完毕后确保真空循环6min后测温、取样;连铸采用保护浇注,防止钢液的二次氧化,采用恒拉速,拉速控制在1.1m/min-1.5m/min,优选1.3m/min,控制浇注合适的过热度,浇注过程中过热度控制在28℃-32℃,优选30℃,促进夹杂物的上浮,实现了多炉浇注;
其中所述热轧的工序为:板坯加热→高压水除鳞→定宽压力机→E1R1粗轧机轧制→E2R2粗轧机轧制→飞剪→高压水除鳞→F1~F7精轧机轧制→加密型层流冷却→卷取→托盘运输系统→取样、检验;其中板坯加热温度为1200±20℃;加热时间≥130min;粗轧模式采用3+3;精轧终轧温度900~920℃,卷取温度为690~710℃;
其中所述冷轧的工序为:酸轧开卷→焊接→拉矫→酸洗→漂洗→烘干→切边→连轧机冷轧→分切→卷取→离线检查→称重→标识→打捆→包装→入库→连退开卷→焊接→清洗→入口活套→退火炉→出口活套→平整→检查活套→切边→表面检查→涂油→卷取→称重→取样、检验;退火工艺参数:加热和均热段出口温度810~830℃,缓冷段出口温度660~700℃,快冷段出口温度360~400℃,过时效段温度200~350℃,终冷段出口温度≤150℃,平整机延伸率0.7~0.9%。
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