CN114959402B - Preparation method of wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy and coating - Google Patents
Preparation method of wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy and coating Download PDFInfo
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention provides a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy and a preparation method of a coating. The multi-principal element alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10.0 to 25.0 percent of Ti, 15 to 30 percent of Ni, 15 to 30 percent of Cr, 15 to 30 percent of V and 0.1 to 4.0 percent of Si. The wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy and the coating are prepared by an electric spark deposition method, wherein an electrode material for preparing the multi-principal-element alloy by smelting casting, powder metallurgy and selective laser sintering is adopted to prepare an electric spark deposition electrode, and the deposition process comprises the steps of 50-200V of voltage, 30-270 uF of capacitance, 120-2000 Hz of frequency and 1-4 cm of deposition rate 2 And/min, adopting argon protection. The invention can obtain a high-quality coating with high hardness, high wear resistance, high flame retardance and other excellent performances, and is particularly suitable for titanium alloy surface protection requiring flame retardance and wear resistance under a high-temperature environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coating preparation, and particularly relates to a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy and a coating preparation method, which are suitable for wear-resistant and flame-retardant protection of the surface of a titanium alloy.
Background
With the increasingly prominent contradiction between the demand of advanced engines with high thrust-weight ratio on titanium alloy and the tendency of titanium fire to increase, the technical research on the flame-retardant protective coating on the surface of titanium alloy is developed, and the demand for developing alloy material systems with high hardness, wear resistance and combustion resistance is pressing day by day.
The multi-principal-element alloy newly developed in more than ten years is regarded as one of three major breakthroughs of the alloying theory in the last decades. Different from the traditional alloy with definite matrix elements, the multi-principal-element alloy usually comprises at least four alloy elements with similar proportions, and the compatibility of the elements can be increased through the high entropy effect generated by mixing a plurality of principal elements, so that the multi-principal-element alloy often forms simpler phase composition and microstructure after solidification. The multi-principal-element alloy has four effects of high entropy effect in thermodynamics, slow diffusion effect in kinetics, lattice mismatch effect in crystal structure, cocktail effect in performance and the like, and has various excellent performances of high strength, hardness, high temperature softening resistance, excellent wear resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance and the like. The multi-principal element alloy breaks through the limitation that the traditional alloy only contains one or two main alloy elements, and is expected to obtain higher strong hardness, wear resistance and flame retardant property through reasonable component design, thereby providing a new idea for the design of a flame retardant alloy coating on the surface of the titanium alloy.
At present, the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy coating on the surface of the titanium alloy still has various defects:
(1) As in the published patent CN111139471A, the performance of the multi-principal element alloy is improved by adopting Zr element, currently, the market price of Zr is about 1000 elements per kilogram, which causes the sharp rise of the cost of the whole multi-principal element alloy;
(2) For example, in the published patent CN110079798A, although the multi-element alloy has a relatively excellent wear resistance, the improvement of the flame retardant performance is not ideal;
(3) In the aspect of coating preparation mode, methods such as laser cladding, magnetron sputtering and the like are mostly adopted at present, but the quality of a cladding layer is unstable and easy to crack, the cladding process is difficult to control, air holes exist, the combination of a plurality of cladding interfaces with uneven tissue components is weak, and the like, and meanwhile, the large-scale use of the coating is limited by the relatively high cost of laser cladding; the thickness of the coating of magnetron sputtering is limited, a millimeter-sized thicker coating cannot be formed, the bonding strength of the coating is poor, the preparation process is complex, and the utilization rate of the target material is low.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy coating which integrates the properties of wear resistance, flame retardance and the like and has lower raw material cost and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems and the defects of the prior art, the invention designs and provides a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy and a coating preparation method based on the design idea of the high-entropy alloy multi-principal-element.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10.0 to 25.0 percent of Ti, 15 to 30 percent of Ni, 15 to 30 percent of Cr and 15 to 30 percent of V.
Preferably, the multi-principal element wear-resistant flame-retardant alloy comprises 0.1-4.0% of Si.
Preferably, the multi-principal-element wear-resistant flame-retardant alloy structure contains 30-40% of Laves phase.
Preferably, the microhardness of the multi-element wear-resistant flame-retardant alloy is between 600 and 1000HV.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy coating, which is based on the electric spark deposition technology and mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing an electrode: processing the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy material into a rod-shaped electrode with the diameter of 3-10 mm;
s2, preparing an environment: mounting a rod-shaped electrode on an electric spark deposition gun, connecting the electrode gun with the anode of an electric spark deposition power supply, connecting the cathode with a workpiece to be deposited, and introducing argon as a protective gas;
s3, coating deposition: and preparing the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy coating on the surface of the substrate by utilizing an electric spark deposition technology.
Preferably, the electrode preparation comprises any one of a smelting casting method, a powder metallurgy method and a selective laser sintering method.
Preferably, after the power supply is switched on, the electrode is moved on the deposited workpiece, and the coating preparation process comprises the steps of 50-200V of voltage, 30-270 uF of capacitance, 120-2000 Hz of frequency and 0.25-4 cm of deposition rate 2 /min。
The principle of the invention will be further explained by selecting the action and content range of each constituent element of the alloy, and in the invention, the percentage of the added amount of the element is mass percent.
Ni: ni is a rare metal with extremely excellent anti-combustion performance, and the flame retardant property of the multi-principal-element alloy can be obviously improved by adding a proper amount of Ni;
cr: the addition of Cr can form a compact composite oxide film on the surface of the material, so that the alloy has good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and the flame retardant capability can be improved;
v: v can improve the wear resistance of the alloy so as to reduce the injection of friction energy, further improve the anti-combustion performance of the alloy and improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy;
ti: on one hand, the addition of Ti can better generate adaptability with a Ti alloy matrix, and simultaneously can form a Cr-rich and Ti-rich Laves phase with Si and Cr, thereby improving the performance of the multi-principal-element alloy;
si: on one hand, the addition of Si can improve the hardness and the wear resistance of the alloy, and simultaneously Si element can also form a compact oxide film so as to improve the ablation resistance of the multi-principal-element alloy.
The Ti, V, cr and Ni are added as multi-principal element alloy elements, the addition amount of each element is similar, the addition amount is between 15 and 30 percent, and the addition amount of the Ti element is controlled to be between 10 and 25 percent in consideration of the relatively small atomic weight of the Ti, so that the wear-resistant and flame-retardant multi-principal element alloy elements are effectively added, and on one hand, the existence of the generated multi-principal element solid solution in a stable state can be ensured; on the other hand, the multi-principal-element solid solution can be ensured to take BCC as a main phase, and the wear resistance, flame retardance and other properties of the multi-principal-element alloy coating are ensured.
Although the hardness of the multi-principal-element alloy can be improved by adding Si in the alloy, the toughness of the alloy is reduced by excessive Si, the content of Si is regulated and controlled to be kept at a relatively low value, and the addition amount is 0.1-4.0%, so that an excellent coating integrating excellent performances such as wear resistance, flame retardance and the like is obtained. In addition, si can replace the atomic spatial position of Cr, promoting the formation of Laves phase. In order to ensure the above effect, an alloy structure containing 30% to 40% of Laves phase is obtained.
The technical key points of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention provides a steel plate containing 10.0-25.0% of Ti, 15-30% of Ni, 15-30% of Cr and 15-30% of V in mass ratio. In addition, the alloy also contains 0.1 to 4.0 percent of Si. The elements Ti and Cr form AB 2 Intermetallic compound of Laves typeThe constituent elements of the phase, laves are dispersed in the multi-principal-element alloy BCC matrix, so that the wear resistance can be greatly improved. At the same time, si may promote the formation of Laves phases.
(2) The invention utilizes the electric spark deposition technology to prepare the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy coating on the surface of the matrix; the voltage is 50-200V, the capacitance is 30-270 uF, the frequency is 120-2000 Hz, and the deposition rate is 0.25-4 cm 2 The obtained wear-resistant flame-retardant coating has the hardness of 500-1000 HV and the coating thickness of 30-200 um.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention is based on the design of high-entropy alloy multi-principal element, and forms a solid solution with Ni-Ti-V-Cr multi-principal element by regulating and controlling the components, and Cr-Ti forms a Laves wear-resistant phase, so that the multi-principal element alloy integrates excellent performances of wear resistance, flame retardance and the like.
(2) The traditional precious metals such as Zr and Ta are not added, and conventional alloys such as Ni, ti, V and Cr are used as main elements of the multi-principal-element alloy, so that the better wear-resistant flame-retardant effect can be realized at lower cost.
(3) And a small amount of Si element is introduced, so that the formation of a surface compact oxide film can be promoted, and meanwhile, the formation of a Laves phase can be promoted by the ablation-resistant Si, so that the wear resistance of the multi-principal-element alloy can be further improved.
(4) Compared with the traditional multi-principal-element alloy coating preparation technology, the electric spark deposition coating is metallurgically bonded, and has the advantages of high bonding strength, economy, practicability, safety, environmental protection and the like. The invention adopts the following steps: voltage is 50-200V, capacitance is 30-270 uF, and frequency is 120-2000 Hz. Excellent wear-resistant flame-retardant coatings can be obtained at lower power consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal element alloy coating.
In the figure, (1) is a setting material, (2) is a coating, and (3) is a basal body.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects. In the drawings of the embodiments described below, the phase diagram reference numbers appearing in the various drawings represent features or components of the phase diagrams and are applicable to different embodiments.
Examples 1-5 are multi-principal component alloy coatings prepared using different compositions and processes, and for ease of illustration, titanium alloys were used as comparative materials for comparison of effects.
Example 1:
preparing an electrode: obtaining wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy by a smelting and casting mode, wherein the alloy components comprise 11.00% of Ti, 30.00% of V, 30.00% of Cr and 29.00% of Ni, and processing a wear-resistant multi-principal-element alloy block into a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy rod-shaped electrode with the diameter of 3mm by linear cutting; preparing an environment: mounting a rod-shaped electrode on an electric spark deposition gun, connecting the electrode gun with the anode of an electric spark deposition power supply, connecting the cathode with a workpiece to be deposited, and introducing argon as a protective gas; preparing a coating: preparing a wear-resistant multi-principal-element alloy coating on the surface of a substrate by utilizing an electric spark deposition technology, and moving an electrode on a deposited workpiece after a power supply is turned on, wherein the deposition technology comprises the steps of 50V voltage, 30uF capacitance, 2000Hz frequency and 0.25cm deposition rate 2 /min。
Example 2:
preparing an electrode: obtaining a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy by a smelting and casting mode, wherein the alloy comprises 19.50% of Ti, 25.50% of V, 25.50% of Cr, 28.50% of Ni and 1.00% of Si in percentage by mass, and processing a wear-resistant multi-principal-element alloy block into a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy rod electrode with the diameter of 5mm by linear cutting; preparing an environment: mounting a rod-shaped electrode on an electric spark deposition gun, connecting the electrode gun with the anode of an electric spark deposition power supply, connecting the cathode with a deposited workpiece, and introducing argon as a protective gas; preparing a coating: preparing a wear-resistant multi-principal-element alloy coating on the surface of a substrate by utilizing a spark deposition technology, moving an electrode on a deposited workpiece after a power supply is turned on, and performing a deposition process with the voltage of 100V, the capacitance of 120uF, the frequency of 700Hz and the deposition rate of 3cm 2 /min。
Example 3:
preparing an electrode: by smeltingObtaining wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy in a casting mode, wherein the alloy comprises 22.00% of Ti, 16.00% of V, 30.00% of Cr, 30.00% of Ni and 2.00% of Si in percentage by mass, and processing a wear-resistant multi-principal-element alloy block into a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy rod-shaped electrode with the diameter of 7mm by utilizing linear cutting processing; preparing an environment: mounting a rod-shaped electrode on an electric spark deposition gun, connecting the electrode gun with the anode of an electric spark deposition power supply, connecting the cathode with a workpiece to be deposited, and introducing argon as a protective gas; preparing a coating: preparing a wear-resistant multi-principal-element alloy coating on the surface of a substrate by utilizing an electric spark deposition technology, and moving an electrode on a deposited workpiece after a power supply is turned on, wherein the deposition technology comprises the steps of voltage 150V, capacitance 180uF, frequency 360Hz and deposition rate 2cm 2 /min。
Example 4:
preparing an electrode: obtaining wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy by a smelting and casting mode, wherein the alloy comprises 24.50% of Ti, 25.00% of V, 30.00% of Cr, 18.00% of Ni and 2.50% of Si in percentage by mass, and processing a wear-resistant multi-principal-element alloy block into a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy rod electrode with the diameter of 10mm by linear cutting; preparing an environment: mounting a rod-shaped electrode on an electric spark deposition gun, connecting the electrode gun with the anode of an electric spark deposition power supply, connecting the cathode with a workpiece to be deposited, and introducing argon as a protective gas; preparing a coating: preparing a wear-resistant multi-principal-element alloy coating on the surface of a substrate by utilizing an electric spark deposition technology, and moving an electrode on a deposited workpiece after a power supply is turned on, wherein the deposition technology comprises the steps of voltage 200V, capacitance 260uF, frequency 120Hz and deposition rate 3cm 2 /min。
Example 5:
preparing an electrode: obtaining a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy by a powder metallurgy mode, wherein the alloy comprises 22.00% of Ti, 30.00% of V, 15.00% of Cr, 30.00% of Ni and 3.00% of Si in percentage by mass, and processing a wear-resistant multi-principal-element alloy block into a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy rod-shaped electrode with the diameter of 10mm by linear cutting; preparing an environment: mounting a rod-shaped electrode on an electric spark deposition gun, connecting the electrode gun with the anode of an electric spark deposition power supply, connecting the cathode with a deposited workpiece, and introducing argon as a protective gas; preparing a coating: benefit toPreparing wear-resistant multi-principal-element alloy coating on the surface of a substrate by using an electric spark deposition technology, and moving an electrode on a deposited workpiece after a power supply is turned on, wherein the deposition technology comprises the steps of voltage 200V, capacitance 260uF, frequency 360Hz and deposition rate 4cm 2 /min。
The alloy disclosed by the invention adopts a high-entropy alloy multi-principal-element design concept, has the structural characteristics of a high-entropy alloy structure, forms a BCC solid solution by using Ni-Ti and V-Cr, forms a hard wear-resistant Laves phase by using Cr and Ti elements, and is shown in a SEM (scanning Electron microscope) picture of a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy coating in example 3 in a figure 1. SEM photographs of the coating of other examples are similar to those of FIG. 1 and are not repeated.
Table 1 lists the alloy compositions of examples 1-5, and coatings were prepared by using multi-host alloys of different alloy compositions of examples 1-5. The coating and the titanium alloy substrate had microhardness, and the results are shown in table 2; using Si with a diameter of 3mm 3 N 4 And (3) performing a wear test on the titanium alloy substrate and the sample with the coating, wherein the load is 50N, the rotating speed is 200r/min, the grinding time is 10min, the wear resistance of the coating is inspected by calculating the wear rate under different coatings according to the wear volume, and the specific results are shown in Table 2. The flame retardant effect of the coating is investigated by carrying out laser ablation on the surfaces of the titanium alloy base material and the titanium alloy sample with the coating by adopting a laser with the power of 500W, the light-emitting time is 10s, the areas and the depths of a combustion pit and a fusion zone are compared, the fusion depth ratio is calculated, the fusion depth ratio reflects the transverse and longitudinal conduction concentration degree of heat in a molten pool to a certain degree, and the specific result is shown in Table 2. As can be seen from the data results in Table 2, it can be seen that the microhardness, room temperature/400 ℃ abrasion resistance and flame retardancy of examples 1 to 5 are significantly improved as compared with the titanium alloy.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
The invention adopts conventional alloys such as Ni, ti, V, cr and the like as main elements of the multi-principal-element alloy, and can realize better wear-resistant flame-retardant effect with lower cost; a small amount of Si element is introduced into the coating alloy, so that the formation of a compact oxide film on the surface can be promoted, meanwhile, the formation of a Laves phase can be promoted by the ablation-resistant Si, and the microhardness and the room temperature/high temperature wear resistance of the coating are obviously improved. In short, the alloy can save raw material cost under the condition of keeping high wear resistance and flame retardance, and is particularly suitable for the field requiring flame retardance under high-temperature and wear-resistant working environments.
While several embodiments of the present invention have been presented herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above examples are merely illustrative and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 10.0 to 25.0 percent of Ti, 15 to 30 percent of Ni, 15 to 30 percent of Cr and 15 to 30 percent of V; wherein Ni-Ti-V-Cr forms a solid solution matrix and Cr-Ti forms a Laves phase.
2. The wear resistant, flame retardant multi-element alloy according to claim 1, further comprising 0.1% to 4.0% Si.
3. The wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-element alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alloy structure of the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-element alloy contains 30-40% of Laves phase.
4. The wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal element alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the microhardness of the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal element alloy is 600 to 1000HV.
5. A preparation method of a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy coating is characterized in that the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy of any one of claims 1 to 4 is used, and the preparation steps comprise:
s1, preparing an electrode: processing the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy material into a rod-shaped electrode with the diameter of 3-10 mm;
s2, preparing an environment: mounting a rod-shaped electrode on an electric spark deposition gun, connecting the electrode gun with the anode of an electric spark deposition power supply, connecting the cathode with a deposited workpiece, and introducing argon as a protective gas;
s3, coating deposition: and preparing the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy coating on the surface of the substrate by utilizing a spark deposition technology.
6. The method for preparing the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal element alloy coating according to claim 5, wherein the preparation of the wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal element alloy block comprises any one of smelting casting, powder metallurgy and selective laser sintering.
7. The method for preparing a wear-resistant flame-retardant multi-principal-element alloy coating according to claim 5, wherein after a power supply is turned on, an electrode is moved on a deposited workpiece, and the coating is prepared by a process with a voltage of 50-200V, a capacitance of 30-270 uF, a frequency of 120-2000 Hz and a deposition rate of 0.25-4 cm 2 /min。
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