CN114959369B - Entropy engineering eutectic aluminum rare earth casting alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Entropy engineering eutectic aluminum rare earth casting alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114959369B CN114959369B CN202210651389.0A CN202210651389A CN114959369B CN 114959369 B CN114959369 B CN 114959369B CN 202210651389 A CN202210651389 A CN 202210651389A CN 114959369 B CN114959369 B CN 114959369B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an entropy engineering co-processA crystal aluminum rare earth casting alloy and a preparation method thereof belong to the field of metal materials, wherein the main alloy element components are rare earth elements La, ce, pr and Nd, and the matrix is Al. Wherein, the added types of the alloy elements are three or four of the four elements, the molar ratio is equal, the total mass ratio of the rare earth elements is 11.0-17.0%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of the other impurities is not more than 0.5% of the total mass of the alloy. The alloy of the invention forms a composition having Al during solidification 11 La 3 The high-entropy compound phase of the structure has stable structure and high temperature resistance by improving the configuration entropy of the compound; meanwhile, the formed eutectic phase of aluminum and the high-entropy compound has lamellar structure characteristics, has very high hardness and high-temperature mechanical properties, and meets the application requirements of the piston alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and particularly relates to an entropy engineering eutectic aluminum rare earth casting alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum-silicon alloy for pistons is an important material for automobile engine parts. The piston works in a severe environment with high temperature and high pressure for a long time, and is extremely easy to produce fatigue failure. Particularly, as primary wear-resistant phase, primary silicon and eutectic silicon phases have coarse lath-shaped and granular solidification structures, which are easy to induce stress concentration, and at the same time, under the condition of higher working temperature, the structure forms are easy to spheroidize and grow up, which is unfavorable for the stable maintenance of working performance. In order to improve the performance of the aluminum-silicon alloy for the piston, the current common technical means comprise grain refinement, silicon phase transformation treatment, heat treatment structure regulation and control and the like, but the inherent structure defect of the aluminum-silicon alloy cannot be fundamentally solved, and only the structure shape can be improved to meet certain service requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problems: the invention provides a method for preparing a composite material by adopting a plurality of La through entropy engineering material designThe rare earth element is used as main alloy element, and Al is formed in the solidification process 11 La 3 The high-entropy compound of the structure has typical lamellar eutectic solidification structure with aluminum, and the high-entropy compound has high melting point, high hardness and high temperature stability, breaks through the performance of aluminum-silicon alloy for pistons, and is applied to manufacturing of pistons of high-power engines.
The technical scheme is as follows: an entropy engineering eutectic aluminum rare earth casting alloy and a preparation method thereof, the technical scheme is as follows:
an entropy engineering eutectic aluminum rare earth casting alloy material, wherein main alloy element components in the alloy are rare earth elements La, ce, pr and Nd, and a matrix is Al; wherein, the added types of the alloy elements are three or four of the four elements, the molar ratio is equal, the total mass ratio of the rare earth elements is 11.0-17.0%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of the other impurities is not more than 0.5% of the total mass of the alloy.
The preparation method of the entropy engineering eutectic aluminum rare earth casting alloy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: taking industrial pure aluminum, al-20La, al-20Ce, al-20Pr and Al-20Nd intermediate alloy as raw materials, weighing and proportioning according to the designed alloy component proportion, and placing all weighing and proportioning into an oven to dry and prepare materials at 250 ℃;
step 2: placing the weighed raw materials into a crucible, rapidly melting the raw materials at 800-850 ℃ through induction heating, transferring the crucible into a resistance furnace for heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 745-755 ℃, the heat preservation is 15-30 minutes, and the nitrogen pressure is kept at 0.4MPa by adopting nitrogen protection in the heat preservation process;
step 3: after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature of the resistance furnace is reduced to 720 ℃, a composite refining agent accounting for 0.6% of the total mass of the alloy is added, ultrasonic stirring is adopted, the ultrasonic frequency is 18kHz, the power is 90W, the stirring time is 30 seconds, and then the mixture is kept stand at 720 ℃ for 15-30 minutes;
step 4: after standing, the temperature of the resistance furnace is increased to 750 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10 minutes, skimming surface scum is carried out, and molten aluminum is poured into a preheated metal casting mold, so that the alloy material is obtained.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention has the following specific advantages:
(1) The invention adopts various La series rare earth as alloy elements through entropy engineering design, and forms the alloy with Al in the solidification process 11 La 3 The high-entropy compound phase of the structure has stable structure and high temperature resistance by improving the configuration entropy of the compound, and the high-temperature mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is obviously improved.
(2) In the alloy structure, the eutectic phase is a lamellar eutectic structure, the melting point of the eutectic structure is higher than that of aluminum-silicon alloy, no obvious angular block structure exists, the stress concentration is relieved, the hardness of the eutectic phase is high, and the hardness of the alloy reaches 90-100HB.
(3) The alloy disclosed by the invention has no obvious structural change after being exposed to heat at 300 ℃ for 5 hours, and has obvious high-temperature structural stability.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a SEM image of solidification structure of an Al-La-Ce-Pr entropy engineering eutectic aluminum rare earth casting alloy material;
FIG. 2 is a SEM image of the solidification structure of the Al-La-Ce-Pr-Nd entropy engineering eutectic aluminum rare earth casting alloy material.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the following detailed description will explain the technical scheme of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments:
example 1:
an entropy engineering eutectic aluminum rare earth casting alloy material is characterized in that: in the alloy, main alloy element components are rare earth elements La, ce, pr and Nd, and a matrix is Al. Wherein, the molar ratio of La to Ce to Pr to Nd is 1:1:1, the total mass ratio of the rare earth elements is 15 percent, the balance is Al, and the content of impurity elements is not higher than 0.5 percent. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of taking industrial pure aluminum, al-20La, al-20Ce, al-20Pr and Al-20Nd intermediate alloy as raw materials, weighing and proportioning according to the designed alloy component proportion, and drying all weighing and proportioning in an oven at 250 ℃ to prepare materials.
Step 2: the weighed raw materials are placed into a crucible, after being quickly melted at 850 ℃ through induction heating, the crucible is transferred to a resistance furnace for heat preservation, the heat preservation temperature is 750 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 30 minutes, nitrogen protection is adopted in the heat preservation process, and the nitrogen pressure is kept at 0.4MPa.
Step 3: after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature of the resistance furnace is reduced to 720 ℃, a composite refining agent accounting for 0.6% of the total mass of the alloy is added, ultrasonic stirring is adopted, the ultrasonic frequency is 18kHz, the power is 90W, the stirring time is 30 seconds, and then the mixture is kept stand at 720 ℃ for 30 minutes.
Step 4: after standing, the temperature of the resistance furnace is increased to 750 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10 minutes, skimming surface scum is carried out, and molten aluminum is poured into a preheated metal casting mold, so that the alloy material is obtained.
Example 2:
this example is different from example 1 in that the total mass ratio of rare earth elements is 11%, the induction heating temperature is 800 ℃, the holding temperature is 745 ℃, and the holding time is 15 minutes, and otherwise the same as example 1.
Example 3:
this example is different from example 1 in that the total mass ratio of rare earth elements is 17%, the induction heating temperature is 830 ℃, the holding temperature is 755 ℃, and the holding time is 20 minutes, and otherwise the same as example 1.
Example 4:
the present example is different from example 1 in that the rare earth elements are La, ce, pr, the molar ratio of the elements is 1:1:1, the total mass ratio of the rare earth elements is 12%, and the other is the same as example 1.
Example 5:
the present example is different from example 1 in that the rare earth elements are La, pr, nd, the molar ratio of the elements is 1:1:1, the total mass ratio of the rare earth elements is 14%, and the other is the same as example 1.
Example 6:
the present example is different from example 1 in that the rare earth elements are Ce, pr, nd, the molar ratio of the elements is 1:1:1, the total mass ratio of the rare earth elements is 16%, and the other is the same as example 1.
It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art and which are included in the embodiments of the present invention without the inventive step, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of an entropy engineering eutectic aluminum rare earth casting alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the alloy, main alloy element components are rare earth elements La, ce, pr and Nd, and a matrix is Al; the alloy elements are added in four types, the molar ratio of the alloy elements is equal, the total mass ratio of the rare earth elements is 11.0-17.0%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of the other impurities is not more than 0.5% of the total mass of the alloy;
the preparation method of the entropy engineering eutectic aluminum rare earth casting alloy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: taking industrial pure aluminum, al-20La, al-20Ce, al-20Pr and Al-20Nd intermediate alloy as raw materials, weighing and proportioning according to the designed alloy component proportion, and placing all weighing and proportioning into an oven to dry and prepare materials at 250 ℃;
step 2: placing the weighed raw materials into a crucible, rapidly melting the raw materials at 800-850 ℃ through induction heating, transferring the crucible into a resistance furnace for heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 745-755 ℃, the heat preservation is 15-30 minutes, and the nitrogen pressure is kept at 0.4MPa by adopting nitrogen protection in the heat preservation process;
step 3: after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature of the resistance furnace is reduced to 720 ℃, a composite refining agent accounting for 0.6% of the total mass of the alloy is added, ultrasonic stirring is adopted, the ultrasonic frequency is 18kHz, the power is 90W, the stirring time is 30 seconds, and then the mixture is kept stand at 720 ℃ for 15-30 minutes;
step 4: after standing, the temperature of the resistance furnace is increased to 750 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10 minutes, skimming surface scum is carried out, and molten aluminum is poured into a preheated metal casting mold, so that the alloy material is obtained.
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