CN114957101B - 一种3-芳基取代二哌啶酮及尼拉帕利的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种3-芳基取代二哌啶酮及尼拉帕利的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OC(=O)OC(C)(C)C DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 102000012338 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases Human genes 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/80—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/84—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/86—Oxygen atoms
- C07D211/88—Oxygen atoms attached in positions 2 and 6, e.g. glutarimide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及药物中间体,属于有机化学领域。本发明旨在提供一种制备中间体的制备方法、及该方法在3‑芳基取代二哌啶酮制备中的应用、以及该中间体在制备尼拉帕利方面的应用。该方法将芳香取代的乙酸酯衍生物与丙烯酰胺衍生物反应,制备3‑芳基‑2,6‑二羰基哌啶,并进一步用于制备尼拉帕利化合物。将现有技术中11步骤制备尼拉帕利的工艺缩短为以对溴苯乙酸甲酯为原料的4步主反应,总收率即可可以达到60%以上,大大提升了尼拉帕利的制备效率,简化了合成工艺流程,提升产物的整体收率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成和原料药及中间体的制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种3-芳基取代二哌啶酮及尼拉帕利的合成方法。
背景技术
甲苯磺酸尼拉帕尼一水合物(Niraparib tosylate hydrate)是一种高效、选择性的每日一次口服小分子聚ADP核糖聚合酶(parp)抑制剂,能抑制细胞对DNA损伤的修复,其商业化药品于2017年3月获FDA批准,同年11月在欧洲获批,用于对含铂化疗完全或部分缓解的复发性上皮卵巢癌、输卵管癌或原发性腹膜癌患者的维持治疗。2020年9月,国家药品监督管理局批准/>的补充新药上市申请,用于晚期上皮性卵巢癌、输卵管癌或原发性腹膜癌成人患者对一线含铂化疗达到完全缓解或部分缓解后的维持治疗。2020年12月28日,/>被纳入国家医保药品目录,用于铂敏感的复发性上皮性卵巢癌、输卵管癌或原发性腹膜癌成人患者在含铂化疗达到完全缓解或部分缓解后的维持治疗。尽管尼拉帕尼在全球多个国家获得临床批准,但公斤级规模合成尼拉帕利原料药仍存在诸多的难点。
目前已报道的公斤级规模合成尼拉帕利原料药的工艺包括11个步骤,总收率为11%。具体合成路线为:
该工艺11步骤中包括7个步骤用于构建芳香基取代的哌啶结构,使得整体收率大大降低,提高了合成尼拉帕利原料药的成本。
因此,需要针对现有技术中存在的缺陷,对现有技术加以改进,提供一种原料易得、工艺简洁、操作方便、收率更高的制备方法,以降低成本。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种制备尼拉帕利的中间体3-芳基取代二哌啶酮;
本发明提供该类中间体及其衍生物的制备方法和应用;
本发明还提供一种制备尼拉帕利的方法。
技术方案
一种有机中间体3-芳基-2,6-二羰基哌啶及其衍生物,结构式包括:
R1独立的选自:氢原子、卤素、-OH、-CN、磺酰胺基、羧基、磺酸酯基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的C1~10的烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的OC1~10烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-COC1~10烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-COOC1~10烷基、未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的苯基;
R2、R3、R4独立的选自:氢原子、卤素、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-C1~10的烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-OC1~10烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-COC1~10烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-COOC1~10烷基、未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的苯基;
R5独立的选自:氢原子、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-C1~10的烷基、未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的苯基;
所述R0选自卤素、CN、OH、苯基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个卤原子取代的C1~10的烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个卤原子取代的-COC1~10烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个卤原子取代的-COOC1~10烷基、未被取代或被1-5个卤原子取代的-C1~10的苯基。
进一步,R1选自卤素,优选为苯基对位取代,更优选为溴取代基;R2、R3、R4、R5为氢原子。
一种有机中间体的制备方法,步骤包括:
R2、R3、R4独立的选自:氢原子、卤素、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-C1~10的烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-OC1~10烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-COC1~10烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-COOC1~10烷基、未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的苯基;
R5独立的选自:直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-C1~10的烷基、未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的苯基;
R6独立的选自:氢原子、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-C1~10的烷基、未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的苯基;
R7选自氢原子、卤素、-OH、-CN、磺酰胺基、羧基、磺酸酯基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的C1~10的烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的OC1~10烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-COC1~10烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的-COOC1~10烷基、未被取代或被1-5个R0取代的芳香基;
所述R0选自卤素、CN、OH、苯基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个卤原子取代的C1~10的烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个卤原子取代的-COC1~10烷基、直链或支链且未被取代或被1-5个卤原子取代的-COOC1~10烷基、未被取代或被1-5个卤原子取代的-C1~10的苯基。
进一步,R7选自取代或未取代苯基,R7更优选为卤代苯基,更优选为4-溴代苯基;
进一步,上述有机中间体3-芳基-2,6-二羰基哌啶的制备方法,采用碱催化。
进一步,所述碱选自三乙胺,叔丁醇钾,叔丁醇钠,氢氧化钠,氢氧化钾,碳酸钾,磷酸钾中的任意一种,优选为叔丁醇钾或叔丁醇钠。
进一步,上述有机中间体3-芳基-2,6-二羰基哌啶的制备方法,步骤包括:
将芳香取代的乙酸酯溶液滴加入预混合的丙烯酰胺和碱的溶液中,反应制备3-芳基-2,6-二羰基哌啶。
进一步,所述芳香取代的乙酸酯、丙烯酰胺的反应摩尔比例为:1:2~5优选为1:2~3。
进一步,反应体系溶液选自DMF、二氯甲烷、甲苯中的一种或多种。
一种制备尼拉帕利的方法,步骤包括:
进一步,所述步骤II采用硼烷还原;所述步骤III采用L-苹果酸进行手性拆分后进行Boc酸酐保护;所述步骤VI采用溴化亚铜、8-羟基喹啉、碱的混合体系发生取代反应,随后脱保护获得尼拉帕利。
有益效果
采用本发明所提供一种制备尼拉帕利的中间体3-芳基取代二哌啶酮及该中间体的制备方法,同时间还提供一种制备尼拉帕利的方法。利用该中间体及相关制备尼拉帕利的方法,能够将现有技术中11步骤制备尼拉帕利的工艺缩短为以对溴苯乙酸甲酯为原料的4步主反应,大大提升了尼拉帕利的制备效率,简化了合成工艺流程,提升产物的整体收率。
进一步,合成方法以对溴苯乙酸甲酯、丙烯酰胺为初始原料,中间步骤采用高收率的羰基还原、取代反应获得最终产物,四步实验性反应的总收率即可可以达到60%以上。相比现有技术具有原料易得、收率高、工艺简介、反应和后处理步骤少、反应条件温和、操作方便,适合放大生产,具有显著的商业价值。
进一步,本合成工艺采用还原后的芳香取代哌啶化合物进行手性拆分,该分子手性中心位于分子结构的中心,苯环与哌啶取代基的分子尺寸相近,使得采用L-苹果酸以结晶方式进行手性分子拆分时,能够通过简单的工艺将中间体产物ee值提升至99%,进而很大程度上避免后续工艺因手性分离导致的收率降低问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例所制备化合物3-(4-溴苯基)-二哌啶酮的核磁共振氢谱;
图2为本发明实施例所制备化合物3-(4-溴苯基)-二哌啶酮的核磁共振碳谱;
图3为本发明实施例所制备化合物3-(4-溴苯基)-哌啶的核磁共振氢谱;
图4为本发明实施例所制备化合物3-(4-溴苯基)-哌啶的核磁共振碳谱;
图5为本发明实施例所制备化合物3-(4-溴苯基)-boc哌啶的核磁共振氢谱;
图6为本发明实施例所制备化合物3-(4-溴苯基)-boc哌啶的核磁共振碳谱;
图7为本发明实施例所制备化合物3-(4-溴苯基)-二哌啶酮的质谱;
图8为本发明实施例所制备化合物3-(4-溴苯基)-哌啶的质谱;
图9为本发明实施例所制备化合物3-(4-溴苯基)-boc哌啶的质谱;
图10为本发明制备化合物的路线图;
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图1~10,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
Step1:
对溴苯乙酸甲酯(40g,0.17mol,1.0eq)溶于1200ml DMF中,氮气保护下加入丙烯酰胺(12g,0.17mol,1.0eq)搅拌溶解,将19g叔丁醇钾溶于500ml DMF中,滴加到反应溶液中,15℃反应2h后补加叔丁醇钾8g,继续反应2h,检测反应后加水1500ml,乙酸乙酯700ml萃取三次,有机相干燥后旋蒸,得淡黄色粉末固体40.7g,产率87%。
Step2:
将1g 3-(4-溴苯基)-二哌啶酮溶于15ml超干THF中,在0℃N2保护搅拌下滴加14.8ml BH3-THF,之后转移到室温下反应两小时,检测反应完全后,加入6M盐酸搅拌至无气泡冒出,旋蒸除去溶剂,再添加5M氢氧化钠13ml加入乙酸乙酯10ml萃取三次,合并有机相旋蒸得0.8g淡黄色固体,产率89%。
手性拆分过程:
将38.15g原料溶解于热的异丙醇:乙酸乙酯(20:3)的溶液1150ml中,待完全溶解后加入等当量L-苹果酸,回流一小时后冷却,冷却至5℃过夜。将结晶沉淀过滤用100ml冰异丙醇洗涤,真空干燥,ee值99%。将固体盐加入300ml的NaOH溶液(1M)中,再加入400ml乙醚搅拌混匀,当所有固体溶解后对两相进行分液,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,旋干得到白色固体,产率99%。
Step3:
将2g 3-(4-溴苯基)哌啶溶于30ml无水乙醇中,加入Boc酸酐2.18g室温搅拌过夜,检测反应结束向反应液中加入30ml水,加20ml乙酸乙酯萃取三次,旋蒸得淡黄色油状液体,放置后结晶为白色固体2.82g,产率99%。
Step4:
在20-25℃将3-(4-溴苯基)-Boc哌啶(质量分数18.2%的DMAC溶液,0.26g)加入N-(叔丁基)-1H-吲唑-7-甲酰胺(0.14g)和碳酸钾(0.26g)冲氮气鼓泡一小时,加入溴化亚铜(44mg)和8-羟基喹啉(88mg)继续通氮气30分钟,之后加热到110℃,反应24小时,冷却到40℃后加入硅藻土14.5g,一小时后过滤,DMAC 5ml洗涤滤饼,合并滤液,升温到35℃,加入DMAC(5ml),10%柠檬酸水溶液3ml,加入286mg 5保温35℃两小时,之后20-25℃过夜,过滤,滤饼用2:1v/v DMAC/水(15ml)洗涤,再用15ml水洗涤,20℃下氮气干燥。得0.311g淡黄色固体,产率85%。
Step5:
向3-{4-[7-(氨基羰基)-2H-吲唑-2-基]苯基}哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(20g,41.2mmol)在二甲苯(40.0mL)中的搅拌溶液中添加MSA(60mL),且将反应混合物在40℃搅拌2.5h,然后在0℃下加水140ml。分液,甲苯洗涤水层。然后配制对甲苯磺酸水溶液(11.8g,61.9mmol)23.5ml,先加入6ml,然后加入产品晶体400mg,搅拌30分钟后加入剩余对甲苯磺酸溶液,搅拌过夜。过滤,滤饼真空干燥。得30.1g白色粉末。产率95%
实施例2
Step1:
对溴苯乙酸甲酯(40g,0.17mol,1.0eq)溶于1200ml DMF中,氮气保护下加入丙烯酰胺(24g,0.34mol,2.0eq)搅拌溶解,将25g叔丁醇钾溶于500ml DMF中,滴加到反应溶液中,15℃反应2h后补加叔丁醇钾12g,继续反应2h,检测反应后加水1500ml,乙酸乙酯700ml萃取三次,有机相干燥后旋蒸,得淡黄色粉末固体42.1g,产率90%。
Step2:
将1g 3-(4-溴苯基)-二哌啶酮溶于15ml超干THF中,在0℃N2保护搅拌下滴加14.8ml BH3-THF,之后转移到室温下反应两小时,检测反应完全后,加入6M盐酸搅拌至无气泡冒出,旋蒸除去溶剂,再添加5M氢氧化钠13ml加入乙酸乙酯10ml萃取三次,合并有机相旋蒸得0.8g淡黄色固体,产率89%。
手性拆分过程:
将38.15g原料溶解于热的异丙醇:乙酸乙酯(20:3)的溶液1150ml中,待完全溶解后加入等当量L-苹果酸,回流一小时后冷却,冷却至5℃过夜。将结晶沉淀过滤用100ml冰异丙醇洗涤,真空干燥,ee值99%。将固体盐加入300ml的NaOH溶液(1M)中,再加入400ml乙醚搅拌混匀,当所有固体溶解后对两相进行分液,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,旋干得到白色固体,产率99%。
Step3:
将2g 3-(4-溴苯基)哌啶溶于30ml无水乙醇中,加入Boc酸酐2.18g室温搅拌过夜,检测反应结束向反应液中加入30ml水,加20ml乙酸乙酯萃取三次,旋蒸得淡黄色油状液体,放置后结晶为白色固体2.82g,产率99%。
Step4:
在20-25℃将3-(4-溴苯基)-Boc哌啶(质量分数18.2%的DMAC溶液,0.26g)加入N-(叔丁基)-1H-吲唑-7-甲酰胺(0.18g)和碳酸钾(0.26g)冲氮气鼓泡一小时,加入溴化亚铜(44mg)和8-羟基喹啉(88mg)继续通氮气30分钟,之后加热到120℃,反应18小时,冷却到40℃后加入硅藻土14.5g,一小时后过滤,DMAC 5ml洗涤滤饼,合并滤液,升温到35℃,加入DMAC(5ml),10%柠檬酸水溶液3ml,加入286mg 5保温35℃两小时,之后20-25℃过夜,过滤,滤饼用2:1v/v DMAC/水(15ml)洗涤,再用15ml水洗涤,20℃下氮气干燥。得0.307g淡黄色固体,产率84%。
Step5:
向3-{4-[7-(氨基羰基)-2H-吲唑-2-基]苯基}哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(20g,41.2mmol)在二甲苯(40.0mL)中的搅拌溶液中添加MSA(60mL),且将反应混合物在40℃搅拌2.5h,然后在0℃下加水140ml。分液,甲苯洗涤水层。然后配制对甲苯磺酸水溶液(11.8g,61.9mmol)23.5ml,先加入6ml,然后加入产品晶体400mg,搅拌30分钟后加入剩余对甲苯磺酸溶液,搅拌过夜。过滤,滤饼真空干燥。得30g白色粉末。产率95%
讨论:
本实施例提供中间体3-芳基取代二哌啶酮及其制备尼拉帕利的方法,能够将现有技术中11步骤制备尼拉帕利的工艺缩短为以对溴苯乙酸甲酯为原料的3步主反应,大大提升了尼拉帕利的制备效率,简化了合成工艺流程,提升产物的整体收率,包含N保护在内的四步实验性反应的总收率可以达到60%以上。
并且,本合成工艺采用还原后的芳香取代哌啶化合物进行手性拆分,该分子手性中心位于分子结构的中心,苯环与哌啶取代基的分子尺寸相近,使得采用L-苹果酸以结晶方式进行手性分子拆分时,能够通过简单的工艺将中间体产物ee值提升至99%,进而很大程度上避免后续工艺因手性分离导致的收率降低问题。
Claims (2)
1.一种制备尼拉帕利的方法,其特征在于,步骤包括:
2.如权利要求1所述的制备尼拉帕利的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤II采用硼烷还原;和/或,所述步骤III采用L-苹果酸进行手性拆分后进行Boc酸酐保护;和/或,所述步骤VI采用溴化亚铜、8-羟基喹啉、碱的混合体系发生取代反应,随后脱保护获得尼拉帕利。
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