CN114956225A - Solar energy and natural evaporation based salt-containing wastewater treatment system and method - Google Patents
Solar energy and natural evaporation based salt-containing wastewater treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114956225A CN114956225A CN202210484729.5A CN202210484729A CN114956225A CN 114956225 A CN114956225 A CN 114956225A CN 202210484729 A CN202210484729 A CN 202210484729A CN 114956225 A CN114956225 A CN 114956225A
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/046—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation under vacuum produced by a barometric column
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/10—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
- C02F1/12—Spray evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for treating salt-containing wastewater based on solar energy and natural evaporation, and belongs to the field of low-carbon treatment of salt-containing wastewater. The invention is composed of four parts of a reverse evaporation cooling system, a solar heating system, an evaporation system and a waste heat pump system, and the main parts of the invention comprise a feeding box, a cooling tower, a solar heat collector, a material pipe, an evaporator, a waste heat collector, a waste heat evaporator and a condenser. The system is based on a natural evaporation technology, hot air is utilized to evaporate salt-containing wastewater in advance to form a concentrated solution, and the heat required by the evaporation of a subsequent evaporator is reduced; the clean energy solar energy is utilized to heat the salt-containing wastewater, so that the consumption of high-temperature heat energy such as steam generation is reduced; for steam generated by evaporation, the waste heat pump is utilized to raise the steam temperature and is used as a heat source to continue evaporating the salt-containing wastewater, so that the power consumption of the compressor is reduced. The system reduces the consumption of raw steam and electric energy on the whole, reduces the carbon emission in the operation process, and realizes the low-carbon emission in the salt-containing wastewater treatment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a method for treating salt-containing wastewater based on solar energy and natural evaporation, and belongs to the field of low-carbon treatment of salt-containing wastewater.
Background
With the continuous approaching of the realization date of realizing the double-carbon target in China, the low-carbon emission gradually becomes the key point of the development of different industries. Although the mechanical vapor recompression technology can recover secondary vapor and reduce the consumption of fresh vapor, links such as compressor power consumption and primary operation of raw vapor still need electric energy in the actual operation process. The main power generation mode in China is thermal power generation, so the carbon emission is not negligible. A system for applying renewable clean energy as a salt-containing wastewater evaporation heat source needs to be designed, and low-carbon emission is realized in the technical field of wastewater treatment.
Some patents propose the application of low-carbon operation of mechanical vapor recompression technology for treating salt-containing wastewater. Patent CN106044905A proposes a method for treating high-salt organic wastewater by using a waste heat evaporator and a submerged combustion evaporator, and evaporating by using secondary steam generated by different evaporators as a heat source. However, in the operation process, fresh steam and fuel gas still need to be introduced into the system, and high-energy-consumption equipment such as a steam compressor needs to be arranged, so that the carbon emission of the system is increased. Patent CN109179832A proposes a different temperature waste heat utilization form for utilizing high temperature waste heat evaporation and low temperature waste heat to preheat materials, so as to realize the segmented recycling of waste heat resources. However, in a specific operation process, power consumption equipment such as a boiler and a steam turbine need to be started, and although the recycling of steam of the power consumption equipment is designed, the power consumption of multiple power consumption equipment cannot be avoided, and the low-carbon emission of the system cannot be realized.
The invention provides a saline wastewater treatment system and method based on solar energy and natural evaporation. The system adopts a mechanical vapor recompression technology to evaporate the salt-containing wastewater, and a coupling reverse evaporation cooling technology is adopted to evaporate the salt-containing wastewater into a concentrated solution in advance, so that the heat required by the subsequent evaporator evaporation is reduced; the solar heat collector is used for exchanging heat with the salt-containing wastewater, so that the consumption of high-temperature heat energy to heat materials is avoided; meanwhile, low-temperature waste heat is recycled to drive the heat pump, the temperature of secondary steam is raised, the secondary steam is used as a heat source to continue evaporation, and the electric energy consumption of equipment such as a compressor is reduced; the system utilizes renewable clean energy to replace traditional fuel in three aspects of pre-evaporation, material heating and secondary steam heating, reduces the whole carbon emission of the system, and really realizes the low-carbon emission in the salt-containing wastewater treatment process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for treating salt-containing wastewater based on solar energy and natural evaporation, and the system and the method are beneficial to promoting the application of a low-carbon technology in the field of evaporating salt-containing wastewater by using a thermal method.
The embodiment of the application provides a saline wastewater treatment system based on solar energy and natural evaporation, which consists of a reverse evaporation cooling system, a solar heating system, an evaporation system and a waste heat pump system;
the reverse evaporative cooling system comprises a feeding box, a feeding pump and a cooling tower, wherein a spray pipe, a filler and a hot air zone are sequentially arranged in the cooling tower from top to bottom; the feeding box is connected with the inlet of the feeding pump, and the outlet of the feeding pump is connected with the spraying pipe; the discharge hole of the cooling tower is positioned at the bottom of the side surface of the cooling tower;
the solar heating system comprises a check valve, a solar heat collector, a first material pipe, a second material pipe, a third material pipe, a three-way valve, a first flow regulating valve, a second flow regulating valve and a third flow regulating valve; the outlet of the three-way valve is respectively connected with a first flow regulating valve, a second flow regulating valve and a third flow regulating valve, and the first flow regulating valve, the second flow regulating valve and the third flow regulating valve are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the inlets of a first material pipe, a second material pipe and a third material pipe; the first material pipe, the second material pipe and the third material pipe are all positioned on the surface of the solar heat collector, and outlets of the first material pipe, the second material pipe and the third material pipe are respectively connected with three inlets of the check valve;
the evaporation system comprises an evaporator, a pressure gauge, a vacuum pump, a fourth flow regulating valve, a flowmeter, a circulating pump, a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a crystallization device, a condensate water tank and a gas-liquid separator; wherein the surface of the evaporator is provided with a steam outlet, a secondary steam inlet, a salt-containing wastewater inlet, a crystallization outlet, a condensed water outlet and a concentrated solution outlet; wherein the secondary steam inlet is positioned at the top of the evaporator; the crystallization outlet is positioned at the bottom end of the side surface of the evaporator; the condensed water outlet is positioned at the bottom of the evaporator;
the outlet of the check valve is connected with the inlet of the first stop valve, and the outlet of the first stop valve is connected with the saline wastewater inlet; the steam outlet is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator, the outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser side is connected with the secondary steam inlet, and the crystallization outlet is connected with the crystallization device; the condensed water outlet is connected with the condensed water tank; the concentrated solution outlet is connected with the inlet of a fourth flow regulating valve, the outlet of the fourth flow regulating valve is connected with the inlet of a flowmeter, the outlet of the flowmeter is connected with the inlet of a circulating pump, and the outlet of the circulating pump is connected with a second inlet of a three-way valve; the evaporator is connected with an inlet of a pressure gauge, an outlet of the pressure gauge is connected with an inlet of a vacuum pump, and an outlet of the vacuum pump is connected with the evaporator;
the waste heat pump system comprises a waste heat evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device and a waste heat collector; the outlet of the waste heat collector is connected with the inlet at the side of the waste heat evaporator, and the outlet at the right side of the waste heat evaporator is connected with the inlet of the waste heat collector; the top outlet of the waste heat evaporator is connected with the inlet of the compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected with the top inlet of the condenser, the bottom outlet of the condenser is connected with the inlet of the throttling device, and the outlet of the throttling device is connected with the bottom inlet of the waste heat evaporator.
The circulating working medium in the waste heat pump system is R134A.
The pipeline materials in the system are all metal pipes, and heat insulation materials are laid outside the metal pipes.
The material in the system is salt-containing wastewater.
The invention discloses a method of a saline wastewater treatment system based on solar energy and natural evaporation, which comprises the following steps during operation:
before treatment, the feeding pump is opened, the first flow regulating valve, the second flow regulating valve, the third flow regulating valve, the fourth flow regulating valve and the first stop valve are opened, and the second stop valve is closed; opening a vacuum pump, and pumping the interior of the evaporator to a vacuum state;
when the treatment is started, firstly, a reverse evaporation cooling process is carried out: opening the cooling tower and drawing hot air into the cooling tower; after the salt-containing wastewater is put into the feeding box, the feeding pump is started, the salt-containing wastewater flows into the spraying pipe through the feeding pump, the material is sprayed onto the filler through the spraying pipe, and the filler and the hot air area are subjected to heat exchange evaporation to generate a concentrated solution with higher concentration;
the second step is to carry out a solar heating process: the concentrated solution with higher concentration generated in the reverse evaporative cooling process flows into a three-way valve through a discharge hole of a cooling tower, flows out of the three-way valve, is divided, and respectively enters a first material pipe, a second material pipe and a third material pipe through a first flow regulating valve, a second flow regulating valve and a third flow regulating valve; the concentrated solution with higher concentration exchanges heat with heat generated by the solar heat collector in the first material pipe, the second material pipe and the third material pipe in a convection way, and the concentrated solution in the pipes absorbs the solar energy to increase the temperature;
the third step is to carry out the evaporation process of the evaporator: the concentrated solution generated in the solar heating process after temperature rise flows into an evaporator through a check valve, a first stop valve and a salt-containing wastewater inlet, and is evaporated in the evaporator under the negative pressure state, and evaporation products comprise crystals, condensed water, steam and concentrated solution; crystals generated after evaporation flow into the crystallization device through a crystallization outlet, and generated condensed water flows into a condensed water tank through a condensed water outlet; opening a three-way valve, enabling concentrated solution generated after evaporation to sequentially flow into the three-way valve through a concentrated solution outlet, a fourth flow regulating valve, a flow meter and a circulating pump, mixing the concentrated solution and concentrated solution with higher concentration in the three-way valve, shunting the mixed concentrated solution to enter a first material pipe, a second material pipe and a third material pipe, and repeating the solar heating process and the evaporator evaporation process; steam generated after evaporation flows into a gas-liquid separator through a steam outlet;
and finally, carrying out a waste heat pump heat exchange process: opening a waste heat collector and a compressor, exchanging heat between the working medium in the waste heat collector and a waste heat source to heat, and allowing the heated working medium to flow into a waste heat evaporator; the circulating working medium in the heat pump is compressed by the compressor and then flows into the condenser to release heat; in the evaporation process of the evaporator, the steam after gas-liquid separation flows into the condenser, exchanges heat with the circulating working medium in the condenser to heat up, and the secondary steam after heating up enters the evaporator through the secondary steam inlet to be used as a heat source to continue evaporation;
after all the salt-containing wastewater is treated, closing the feeding pump; when the salt-containing wastewater does not drip behind any more, the cooling tower is closed; when no more salt-containing wastewater flows into the salt-containing wastewater inlet, closing the circulating pump and the three-way valve, and closing the first stop valve, the second stop valve, the third stop valve and the fourth stop valve; when no steam flows out from the steam outlet, the vacuum pump, the waste heat collector and the compressor are closed; and opening the second stop valve, discharging condensed water in the condensed water tank, opening the gas-liquid separator to discharge liquid separated from the condensed water tank, recovering crystals in the crystallization device and residual concentrated solution in a concentrated solution outlet, and closing the system.
The material flow entering the first material pipe, the second material pipe and the third material pipe is respectively controlled in a one-to-one correspondence manner by adjusting the first flow regulating valve, the second flow regulating valve and the third flow regulating valve.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
reference designations in fig. 1: 1. the system comprises a feeding box, 2-1 feeding pumps, 2-2 circulating pumps, 3-1 cooling towers, 3-2 fillers, 3-3 hot air zones, 3-4 spray pipes, 3-5 cooling tower discharge ports, 4-1 check valves, 4-2 solar heat collectors, 4-3 first material pipes, 4-4 second material pipes, 4-5 third material pipes, 4-6 three-way valves, 5-1 first flow regulating valves, 5-2 second flow regulating valves, 5-3 third flow regulating valves, 5-4 fourth flow regulating valves, 6 flow meters, 7-1 evaporators, 7-2 salt-containing wastewater inlets, 7-3 secondary steam inlets, 7-4 steam outlets, 7-5 of a crystallization outlet, 7-6 of a condensed water outlet, 7-7 of a concentrated solution outlet, 7-8 of a pressure gauge, 7-9 of a vacuum pump, 8 of a crystallization device, 9 of a condensed water tank, 10 of a gas-liquid separator, 11-1 of a condenser, 11-2 of a compressor, 11-3 of a waste heat evaporator, 11-4 of a throttling device, 12 of a waste heat collector, 13-1 of a first stop valve, and 13-2 of a second stop valve.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the salt-containing wastewater treatment system based on solar energy and natural evaporation mainly comprises a feeding box 1, a feeding pump 2-1, a cooling tower 3-1, a filler 3-2, a hot air zone 3-3, a spray pipe 3-4, a cooling tower discharge port 3-5, a check valve 4-1, a solar heat collector 4-2, a first material pipe 4-3, a second material pipe 4-4, a third material pipe 4-5, a three-way valve 4-6, a first flow regulating valve 5-1, a second flow regulating valve 5-2, a third flow regulating valve 5-3, an evaporator 7-1, a steam outlet 7-4, a secondary steam inlet 7-3, a salt-containing wastewater inlet 7-2, a crystallization outlet 7-5, a condensate outlet 7-6, 7-7 parts of concentrated solution outlet, 7-8 parts of pressure gauge, 7-9 parts of vacuum pump, 5-4 parts of fourth flow regulating valve, 6 parts of flowmeter, 2-2 parts of circulating pump, 13-1 parts of first stop valve, 13-2 parts of second stop valve, 8 parts of crystallizing device, 9 parts of condensed water tank, 10 parts of gas-liquid separator, 11-3 parts of waste heat evaporator, 11-2 parts of compressor, 11-1 parts of condenser, 11-4 parts of throttling device and 12 parts of waste heat collector.
The treatment of sodium sulfate high-salt wastewater is taken as an example. When the system is operated for the first time, before the system is operated, the first flow regulating valve 5-1, the second flow regulating valve 5-2, the third flow regulating valve 5-3, the fourth flow regulating valve 5-4 and the first stop valve 13-1 are opened, and the second stop valve 13-2 and the branch pipe of the three-way valve 4-6 are closed; and (3) opening a vacuum pump 7-9, pumping the interior of the evaporator 7-1 to a vacuum state, adjusting the vacuum degree according to the set evaporation temperature of the sodium sulfate high-salt wastewater, then opening a feeding pump 2-1, and starting the system to process the feeding at the moment.
Firstly, carrying out a reverse evaporation cooling process: the feeding material is pumped into a spray pipe 3-4 in a cooling tower 3-1 by a feeding pump 2-1, the cooling tower 3-1 is opened, at the moment, hot air is pumped into the cooling tower 3-1 from the bottom of the cooling tower 3-1 by a hot air area 3-3, sodium sulfate salt-containing wastewater in the spray pipe 3-4 is sprayed on the surface of a filler 3-2, the sodium sulfate salt-containing wastewater is evaporated at the filler 3-2 by the hot air area 3-3, the salt-containing wastewater is evaporated into a concentrated solution with higher concentration, and the concentrated solution is divided into three branches by a main pipe 4-6 of a three-way valve.
The second step is to carry out a solar heating process: after a concentrated solution with higher concentration generated in the reverse evaporative cooling process flows out of a discharge port 3-5 of a cooling tower, the concentrated solution is divided into three branches and flows into a first flow regulating valve 5-1, a second flow regulating valve 5-2 and a third flow regulating valve 5-3 respectively, and the material flow entering a first material pipe 4-3, a second material pipe 4-4 and a third material pipe 4-5 is regulated in a one-to-one correspondence manner by controlling the first flow regulating valve 5-1, the second flow regulating valve 5-2 and the third flow regulating valve 5-3; the first material pipe 4-3, the second material pipe 4-4 and the third material pipe 4-5 are all tightly connected with the surface of the solar heat collector 4-2, concentrated solution with higher concentration exchanges heat with heat absorbed in the solar heat collector 4-2 in the material pipes, then the temperature is raised, and the concentrated solution is sent to the evaporator 7-1 after the temperature is raised.
The third step is to carry out the evaporation process of the evaporator: before the system starts to operate, the inside of the evaporator 7-1 is pumped to a negative pressure state by using the vacuum pump 7-9, and the inside of the evaporator 7-1 reaches the boiling point of the concentrated solution, so that the concentrated solution heated by solar heat can be directly evaporated, steam, concentrated solution which cannot be completely evaporated and crystals are generated after evaporation, and the crystals directly enter the crystallizing device 8.
Concentrated solution generated after evaporation enters a circulating pump 2-2 through a fourth flow regulating valve 5-4 and a flow meter 6, is sucked by the circulating pump 2-2 and enters a branch pipe 4-6 of a three-way valve, at the moment, the branch pipe 4-6 of the three-way valve is opened, the concentrated solution and the concentrated solution generated in the reverse evaporation cooling process are mixed in the three-way valve 4-6, mixed solution is shunted and enters a first material pipe 4-3, a second material pipe 4-4 and a third material pipe 4-5, and the solar heating process and the evaporator evaporation process are repeated until the concentrated solution is completely evaporated.
The steam generated after evaporation flows into a gas-liquid separator 10, and the steam after gas-liquid separation is sent into a condenser 11-1.
And finally, carrying out a waste heat pump heat exchange process: and opening the waste heat collector 12 and the compressor 11-2, exchanging heat between the working medium in the waste heat collector 12 and a waste heat source to heat, and allowing the heated working medium to flow into the waste heat evaporator 11-3. The circulating working medium in the heat pump is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the compressor 11-2, at the moment, steam obtained after gas-liquid separation in the evaporation process of the evaporator flows into the condenser 11-1 to perform heat convection with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the heat absorption temperature of the steam is increased, the heated steam is sent into the evaporator 7-1 again to serve as a heat source to continuously evaporate salt-containing wastewater from the first material pipe 4-3, the second material pipe 4-4 and the third material pipe 4-5.
The circulating working medium in the heat pump flows into the throttling device 11-4 for pressure reduction after heat exchange with steam is completed in the condenser 11-1 in a high-temperature high-pressure gas state, the circulating working medium after pressure reduction flows into the waste heat evaporator 11-3 to exchange heat with the high-temperature working medium in the waste heat collector 11-3 for temperature rise, the high-temperature circulating working medium after temperature rise flows into the compressor 11-2 to be compressed into a high-temperature high-pressure state and flows into the condenser 11-1, the high-temperature high-pressure working medium exchanges heat with steam generated by evaporation in the condenser 11-1 again, and the heat pump circulating process is repeated.
When all the sodium sulfate high-salinity wastewater is treated, closing the feed pump 2-1; when the salt-containing waste water drops behind no longer in the spray pipes 3-4, the cooling tower 3-1 is closed, hot air is not sucked any more at the moment, and the reverse evaporative cooling is stopped; when the salt-containing wastewater does not flow into the salt-containing wastewater inlet 7-2 any more, closing the circulating pump 2-2 and the three-way valve 4-6, and closing the first stop valve 5-1, the second stop valve 5-2, the third stop valve 5-3 and the fourth stop valve 5-4; when the steam outlet 7-4 does not flow out any more, the vacuum pump 7-9, the waste heat collector 12 and the compressor 11-2 are closed; opening the second stop valve 13-2, discharging the condensed water in the condensed water tank 9, opening the gas-liquid separator 10 to discharge the liquid separated therein, recovering the crystals in the crystallization device 8 and the residual concentrated solution in the concentrated solution outlet 7-7, and closing the system.
According to the saline wastewater treatment system based on solar energy and natural evaporation, the saline wastewater is evaporated in advance to be a concentrated solution by utilizing hot air, so that the heat required by the subsequent evaporator evaporation is reduced; the clean energy solar energy and the salt-containing wastewater are utilized for heat exchange and temperature rise, the salt-containing wastewater after temperature rise enters a negative pressure evaporator for direct evaporation, and the consumption of high-temperature heat energy such as steam generation is reduced; for steam generated by evaporation, the temperature of the steam is raised by using a waste heat pump and is continuously sent into an evaporator as a heat source to evaporate salt-containing wastewater, so that the power consumption of a compressor is reduced; the system reduces the consumption of raw steam and electric energy on the whole, reduces the carbon emission in the operation process, and realizes the low-carbon emission in the salt-containing wastewater treatment process.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a contain salt effluent disposal system based on solar energy and natural evaporation which characterized in that:
the system consists of a reverse evaporative cooling system, a solar heating system, an evaporation system and a waste heat pump system;
the reverse evaporative cooling system comprises a feeding box (1), a feeding pump (2-1) and a cooling tower (3-1), wherein spray pipes (3-4), fillers (3-2) and a hot air zone (3-3) are sequentially arranged in the cooling tower (3-1) from top to bottom; the feeding box (1) is connected with the inlet of a feeding pump (2-1), and the outlet of the feeding pump (2-1) is connected with a spray pipe (3-4); the discharge hole (3-5) of the cooling tower is positioned at the bottom of the side surface of the cooling tower (3-1);
the solar heating system comprises a check valve (4-1), a solar heat collector (4-2), a first material pipe (4-3), a second material pipe (4-4), a third material pipe (4-5), a three-way valve (4-6), a first flow regulating valve (5-1), a second flow regulating valve (5-2) and a third flow regulating valve (5-3); a discharge port (3-5) of the cooling tower is connected with a first inlet of a three-way valve (4-6), an outlet of the three-way valve (4-6) is respectively connected with a first flow regulating valve (5-1), a second flow regulating valve (5-2) and a third flow regulating valve (5-3), and the first flow regulating valve (5-1), the second flow regulating valve (5-2) and the third flow regulating valve (5-3) are respectively and correspondingly arranged at inlets of a first material pipe (4-3), a second material pipe (4-4) and a third material pipe (4-5); the first material pipe (4-3), the second material pipe (4-4) and the third material pipe (4-5) are all positioned on the surface of the solar heat collector (4-2), and outlets of the first material pipe, the second material pipe and the third material pipe are respectively connected with three inlets of the check valve (4-1);
the evaporation system comprises an evaporator (7-1), a pressure gauge (7-8), a vacuum pump (7-9), a fourth flow regulating valve (5-4), a flow meter (6), a circulating pump (2-2), a first stop valve (13-1), a second stop valve (13-2), a crystallization device (8), a condensate water tank (9) and a gas-liquid separator (10); wherein the surface of the evaporator is provided with a steam outlet (7-4), a secondary steam inlet (7-3), a salt-containing wastewater inlet (7-2), a crystallization outlet (7-5), a condensed water outlet (7-6) and a concentrated solution outlet (7-7); wherein the secondary steam inlet (7-3) is positioned at the top of the evaporator (7-1); the crystallization outlet (7-5) is positioned at the bottom end of the side surface of the evaporator (7-1); the condensed water outlet (7-6) is positioned at the bottom of the evaporator (7-1);
the outlet of the check valve (4-1) is connected with the inlet of a first stop valve (13-1), and the outlet of the first stop valve (13-1) is connected with a salt-containing wastewater inlet (7-2); the steam outlet (7-4) is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator (10), the outlet of the gas-liquid separator (10) is connected with the inlet at the side of the condenser (11-1), the outlet at the side of the condenser (11-1) is connected with the secondary steam inlet (7-3), and the crystallization outlet (7-5) is connected with the crystallization device (8); the condensed water outlet (7-6) is connected with a condensed water tank (9); a concentrated solution outlet (7-7) is connected with an inlet of a fourth flow regulating valve (5-4), an outlet of the fourth flow regulating valve (5-4) is connected with an inlet of a flow meter (6), an outlet of the flow meter (6) is connected with an inlet of a circulating pump (2-2), and an outlet of the circulating pump (2-2) is connected with a second inlet of a three-way valve (4-6); the evaporator (7-1) is connected with an inlet of a pressure gauge (7-8), an outlet of the pressure gauge (7-8) is connected with an inlet of a vacuum pump (7-9), and an outlet of the vacuum pump (7-9) is connected with the evaporator (7-1);
the waste heat pump system comprises a waste heat evaporator (11-3), a compressor (11-2), a condenser (11-1), a throttling device (11-4) and a waste heat collector (12); an outlet of the waste heat collector (12) is connected with a side inlet of the waste heat evaporator (11-3), and a right side outlet of the waste heat evaporator (11-3) is connected with an inlet of the waste heat collector (12); the top end outlet of the waste heat evaporator (11-3) is connected with the inlet of the compressor (11-2), the outlet of the compressor (11-2) is connected with the top end inlet of the condenser (11-1), the bottom end outlet of the condenser (11-1) is connected with the inlet of the throttling device (11-4), and the outlet of the throttling device (11-4) is connected with the bottom end inlet of the waste heat evaporator (11-3).
2. The solar and natural evaporation based salt-containing wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, wherein:
the circulating working medium in the waste heat pump system is R134A.
3. The solar and natural evaporation based salt-containing wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, wherein:
the pipeline materials in the system are all metal pipes, and heat insulation materials are laid outside the metal pipes.
4. The saline wastewater treatment system based on solar energy and natural evaporation according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the material in the system is salt-containing wastewater.
5. The method of claim 1 for a solar and natural evaporation based saline wastewater treatment system, wherein:
the system is used for treating salt-containing wastewater; before treatment, a feeding pump (2-1) is opened, a first flow regulating valve (5-1), a second flow regulating valve (5-2), a third flow regulating valve (5-3), a fourth flow regulating valve (5-4) and a first stop valve (13-1) are opened, and the second stop valve (13-2) is closed; turning on a vacuum pump (7-9) to pump the interior of the evaporator (7-1) to a vacuum state;
when the treatment is started, firstly, a reverse evaporation cooling process is carried out: opening the cooling tower (3-1) and drawing the hot air zone (3-3) into the cooling tower (3-1); after the salt-containing wastewater is put into the feeding box (1), the feeding pump (2-1) is started, the salt-containing wastewater flows into the spraying pipe (3-4) through the feeding pump (2-1), the material is sprayed onto the filler (3-2) through the spraying pipe (3-4), and the filler (3-2) and the hot air area (3-3) are subjected to heat exchange and evaporation to generate a concentrated solution with higher concentration;
the second step is to carry out a solar heating process: the concentrated solution with higher concentration generated in the reverse evaporative cooling process flows into a three-way valve (4-6) through a discharge hole (3-5) of a cooling tower, flows out of the three-way valve (4-6), is divided, and enters a first material pipe (4-3), a second material pipe (4-4) and a third material pipe (4-5) through a first flow regulating valve (5-1), a second flow regulating valve (5-2) and a third flow regulating valve (5-3); the concentrated solution with higher concentration is subjected to heat convection and heat exchange with the heat generated by the solar heat collector (4-2) in the first material pipe (4-3), the second material pipe (4-4) and the third material pipe (4-5), and the temperature of the concentrated solution in the pipes is increased by absorbing solar energy;
the third step is to carry out the evaporation process of the evaporator: the concentrated solution generated in the solar heating process after temperature rise flows into an evaporator (7-1) through a check valve (4-1), a first stop valve (13-1) and a salt-containing wastewater inlet (7-2), and is evaporated in the evaporator under the negative pressure state, and the evaporation product comprises crystals, condensed water, steam and concentrated solution; crystals generated after evaporation flow into a crystallization device (8) through a crystallization outlet (7-5), and generated condensed water flows into a condensed water tank through a condensed water outlet (7-6); opening a three-way valve (4-6), enabling concentrated solution generated after evaporation to sequentially flow into the three-way valve (4-6) through a concentrated solution outlet (7-7), a fourth flow regulating valve (5-4), a flow meter (6) and a circulating pump (2-2), mixing the concentrated solution and concentrated solution with higher concentration in the three-way valve (4-6), shunting the mixed concentrated solution to enter a first material pipe (4-3), a second material pipe (4-4) and a third material pipe (4-5), and repeating the solar heating process and the evaporator evaporation process; steam generated after evaporation flows into a gas-liquid separator (10) through a steam outlet (7-4);
and finally, carrying out a waste heat pump heat exchange process: opening the waste heat collector (12) and the compressor (11-2), exchanging heat between the working medium in the waste heat collector (12) and a waste heat source to heat, and allowing the heated working medium to flow into the waste heat evaporator (11-3); circulating working media in the heat pump flow into the condenser (11-1) to release heat after being compressed by the compressor (11-2); in the evaporation process of the evaporator, the vapor after gas-liquid separation flows into the condenser (11-1), exchanges heat with the circulating working medium in the condenser (11-1) to raise the temperature, and the raised secondary vapor enters the evaporator (7-1) through the secondary vapor inlet (11-3) to be used as a heat source for continuous evaporation;
when all the salt-containing wastewater is treated, closing the feed pump (2-1); when the spraying pipes (3-4) do not drop behind the saline wastewater any more, closing the cooling tower (3-1); when the salt-containing wastewater inlet (7-2) does not have salt-containing wastewater to flow in any more, closing the circulating pump (2-2) and the three-way valve (4-6), and closing the first stop valve (5-1), the second stop valve (5-2), the third stop valve (5-3) and the fourth stop valve (5-4); when the steam outlet (7-4) does not flow out any more, the vacuum pump (7-9), the waste heat collector (12) and the compressor (11-2) are closed; and opening a second stop valve (13-2), discharging condensed water in a condensed water tank (9), opening a gas-liquid separator (10) to discharge liquid separated from the condensed water, recovering crystals in a crystallization device (8) and residual concentrated solution in a concentrated solution outlet (7-7), and closing the system.
6. The method of claim 5 for a saline wastewater treatment system based on solar energy and natural evaporation, characterized in that:
the material flows entering the first material pipe (4-3), the second material pipe (4-4) and the third material pipe (4-5) are respectively controlled in a one-to-one correspondence manner by adjusting the first flow regulating valve (5-1), the second flow regulating valve (5-2) and the third flow regulating valve (5-3).
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