CN114954824A - Drag reduction and pitching hydrofoil attached body device suitable for high-speed ship - Google Patents

Drag reduction and pitching hydrofoil attached body device suitable for high-speed ship Download PDF

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CN114954824A
CN114954824A CN202210785237.XA CN202210785237A CN114954824A CN 114954824 A CN114954824 A CN 114954824A CN 202210785237 A CN202210785237 A CN 202210785237A CN 114954824 A CN114954824 A CN 114954824A
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stern
appendage
attachment
bow
wing
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CN114954824B (en
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陈前
刘志华
刘文涛
赵港全
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Naval University of Engineering PLA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/005Equipment to decrease ship's vibrations produced externally to the ship, e.g. wave-induced vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/16Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
    • B63B1/24Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
    • B63B1/26Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type having more than one hydrofoil
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/32Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
    • B63B1/40Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by diminishing wave resistance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/06Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a drag reduction and pitching reduction hydrofoil appendage device suitable for a high-speed ship. The ship comprises at least one bow attachment, a stern vertical wing attachment and a stern horizontal wing attachment, wherein the bow attachment is arranged at a bow, the stern vertical wing attachment and the stern horizontal wing attachment are arranged at a stern and are all linear stretching objects with wing-shaped sections, the bow attachment, the stern vertical wing attachment and the stern horizontal wing attachment are all arranged below a waterline surface at a ship body when a ship floats under a normal displacement working condition, the stern vertical wing attachment is used for connecting the stern horizontal wing attachment with the ship body, and the longitudinal section of the bow attachment and the longitudinal section of the stern horizontal wing attachment are concave upwards. The invention reduces the sailing resistance by generating additional thrust on the ship body and reducing bow and stern wave making, reduces the response amplitude of the pitching and heaving motion of the ship body by increasing the vertical motion damping of the ship body, and is beneficial to improving the rapidity and sailing stability of a high-speed ship.

Description

Drag reduction and pitching hydrofoil attached body device suitable for high-speed ship
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resistance reduction and pitch reduction of ships, and particularly relates to a resistance reduction and pitch reduction hydrofoil attachment device suitable for high-speed ships.
Background
The rapidity and the seaworthiness are two important navigation performances of the ship, and the improvement of the rapidity of the ship can start from the reduction of the total navigation resistance of the ship. The total resistance of the ship mainly comprises friction resistance, wave-making resistance and viscous pressure resistance, and for a high-speed ship, the wave-making resistance accounts for more than 50% of the total resistance, so that the emphasis on reducing the motion resistance of the high-speed ship is to reduce the wave-making resistance. The wave-making resistance is reduced mainly by ship-shape optimization technology, bulb bow technology, wave-absorbing hydrofoil technology and the like. The bulbous bow technology is applied to a low-speed ship with the Froude number of the ship length less than 0.35 or a medium-low speed ship, can generate a good wave-making resistance reducing effect, and is difficult to obtain a resistance reducing effect on a high-speed ship; the effect of the wave absorbing hydrofoil on reducing wave making resistance can be only shown under the condition of extremely high speed sailing with the ship length Froude number more than 0.6. At present, the length Froude number of a displacement type high-speed ship is basically between 0.4 and 0.5, and after the ship shape is optimized, satisfactory drag reduction effect is difficult to obtain by further adopting the drag reduction technology, so that a key technology for breaking through drag reduction at high navigational speed is urgently needed.
When the ship sails in a windy and wavy sea condition, the ship body inevitably generates horizontal swing, longitudinal swing of the bow and the stern, vertical oscillation, excessive acceleration and the like, the motions of the ship bodies are mutually coupled, the action of the wind waves is superposed, the ship can generate the phenomena of bow upsurfing, deck flooding, bow slamming, personnel seasickness and the like, and the adverse effects are generated on the sailing safety of the ship, the comfort of the personnel and the working efficiency of equipment and equipment on the ship. In order to improve the seaworthiness of the ship, anti-rolling measures such as installation of bilge keels, anti-rolling fins, anti-rolling water tanks and the like are provided in the prior art. To date, mature technologies and products are applied to a large number of real ships in the research direction of ship rolling reduction, and compared with the research progress of pitch reduction, the research progress is slow.
In summary, in the aspect of drag reduction, great breakthrough is difficult to achieve aiming at the ship drag reduction with the ship length Froude number of 0.4 to 0.5; in the aspect of pitch reduction, the existing technology for pitch reduction of ships needs to be studied intensively. And the existing drag reduction technology can hardly produce the anti-rolling effect, and the anti-rolling technology can hardly produce the drag reduction effect, namely, the hull drag reduction technology and the anti-rolling technology are independent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the background technology and provide a drag reduction and pitching hydrofoil appendage device suitable for high-speed ships. The method is suitable for high-speed ships with Fr (Froude number) of 0.4-0.5, and improves the rapidity and the navigability of the high-speed ships.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the bow appendage, the stern vertical wing appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage are all linear stretching objects with wing-shaped sections, the bow appendage, the stern vertical wing appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage are all arranged below a water line surface at a ship body when the ship floats under a normal water discharge working condition, the stern vertical wing appendage is used for connecting the stern horizontal wing appendage with the ship body, and the longitudinal section of the bow appendage and the longitudinal section of the stern horizontal wing appendage are in an upward concave shape.
Establishing reference chord length C of bow appendage or stern horizontal airfoil appendage in modeling software according to airfoil equation r 100, the airfoil curves of the upper surface and the lower surface of the longitudinal section of the bow appendage or the stern horizontal appendage are corresponding, wherein the airfoil equation is as follows:
upper surface:
Figure BDA0003721159170000031
lower surface:
Figure BDA0003721159170000032
according to the actual required chord length C of the bow appendage or the stern horizontal wing appendage p And a reference chord length C r Ratio C of p /C r Zooming to obtain the actually required chord length C p The wing-shaped curves of the upper surface and the lower surface of the longitudinal section of the corresponding bow attachment or stern horizontal wing attachment.
After water flow flows through the bow attachment body and the stern horizontal wing attachment body, a lift force which is vertical to the streamline and upwards is generated on the bow attachment body and the stern horizontal wing attachment body and is decomposed to the advancing direction of the ship body, additional thrust can be generated on the ship body, and accordingly resistance is reduced. Meanwhile, according to Bernoulli's principle, when water flows through the bow attachment and the stern horizontal wing attachment, a low-pressure area is generated on the upper surface of the water, so that the wave height of the bow and stern wave making is reduced, and the wave making resistance is reduced. The wing profile with the upper concave section can increase the low pressure area of the upper surface of the wing profile appendage, so that the wave-making resistance is greatly reduced.
The rear edge of the stern horizontal wing appendage is longitudinally positioned behind the stern end surface of the ship body, and the length extending direction of the stern vertical wing appendage and the length direction of the chord length of the stern horizontal wing appendage form a certain included angle which is an acute angle. Namely, the extending direction of the stern vertical wing appendage is not vertical downward.
Compared with the installation mode that the rear edge of the stern horizontal wing appendage is aligned with the tail end surface of the ship body in the longitudinal direction of the ship body (namely, the T-shaped wing with the vertical downward extending direction of the stern vertical wing appendage), the rear edge of the stern horizontal wing appendage is positioned behind the stern plate, so that the low-pressure area on the upper surface of the stern horizontal wing appendage can be increased, and the wave-making resistance is greatly reduced.
The vertical wing appendage of the stern is a symmetrical wing type.
When the stern horizontal wing appendage changes different positions, the rear edge of the stern vertical wing appendage aligns with the bottom of the stern plate when the stern vertical wing appendage is connected with the stern.
The rear edge of the bow appendage is positioned in the range of 0.1-5.60% of the water line length behind the stem; the rear edge of the stern horizontal wing appendage is positioned in the range of 0-10% of the water line length behind the stern end face.
The vertical position of the stern horizontal wing appendage is as follows: the highest point of the appendage is not higher than the surface of the still water line, and the distance from the highest point of the appendage to the surface of the water line is less than 20 percent of the draught depth of the ship; the chord lengths of the bow appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage are as follows: 1.4% -10% of the water line length, the bow appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage are extended: the width of the water line is 30-100%.
The bow attachment is installed to be matched with the shape of the head of the ship body; when the stern vertical wing appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage are installed, the joint of the stern vertical wing appendage and the stern is aligned, and the lower end surface of the stern vertical wing appendage is matched with the upper surface of the stern horizontal wing appendage in shape.
The invention reduces the sailing resistance by generating additional thrust on the ship body and reducing bow and stern wave making, reduces the response amplitude of the pitching and heaving motion of the ship body by increasing the vertical motion damping of the ship body, and is beneficial to improving the rapidity and sailing stability of a high-speed ship.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention utilizes the trend that the fore and the stern flow lines of the ship are bent upwards, the hydrofoil appendage is arranged below a waterline, when water flows through the hydrofoil appendage, the appendage generates a lifting force vertical to the flow line, the component force of the lifting force in the horizontal direction enables the ship body to generate additional thrust, namely, the resistance is reduced, and the component force of the lifting force in the vertical direction enables the ship body to increase the pitching damping. Meanwhile, the wave making height can be reduced by the low-pressure area on the upper surface of the hydrofoil, so that the wave making resistance is reduced.
(2) And the hydrofoil appendage is additionally arranged to increase the contact area of the ship and water, so that the vertical motion damping of the ship body is increased, and the response amplitude of the pitching and heaving motion of the ship body is reduced.
(3) The invention has the effects of improving the rapidity and the seaworthiness of the ship, has simple structure and convenient use, does not need an additional control device, can be directly installed on the existing ship and can also be added in the design scheme of the newly designed ship, is convenient to implement and has strong engineering applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the bow appendage;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a vertical wing appendage and a horizontal wing appendage of a stern;
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal section of the bow appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage.
In the figure, 1-ship body, 2-bow appendage, 3-stern vertical wing appendage and 4-stern horizontal wing appendage.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention, but are for clear understanding.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present invention includes at least one bow attachment 2, a stern vertical wing attachment 3 and a stern horizontal wing attachment 4, which are respectively installed at the bow, the bow attachment 2, the stern vertical wing attachment 3 and the stern horizontal wing attachment 4 are all linearly stretched objects with airfoil section, the bow attachment 2, the stern vertical wing attachment 3 and the stern horizontal wing attachment 4 are all installed below the water line plane of the ship body when the ship floats under the normal displacement condition, the stern vertical wing attachment 3 is used for connecting the stern horizontal wing attachment 4 and the ship body 1, and the longitudinal section of the bow attachment 2 and the longitudinal section of the stern horizontal wing attachment 4 are concave upwards (as shown in fig. 4).
The invention also provides a method for calculating the concave-up airfoil profile curve of the longitudinal section of the bow appendage and the longitudinal section of the stern horizontal airfoil appendage, which comprises the following steps:
establishing a reference chord length C of the bow appendage 2 or the stern horizontal appendage 4 in modeling software according to an airfoil equation r Profile curves of the upper and lower surfaces of the longitudinal section (shown in fig. 4) of the corresponding bow appendage or stern horizontal appendage at 100, wherein the profile equation is:
upper surface:
Figure BDA0003721159170000061
lower surface:
Figure BDA0003721159170000062
according to the actual required chord length C of the bow appendage or the stern horizontal wing appendage p And a reference chord length C r Ratio C of p /C r Zooming to obtain the actually required chord length C p The wing-shaped curves of the upper surface and the lower surface of the longitudinal section of the corresponding bow attachment or stern horizontal wing attachment.
The rear edge of the stern horizontal wing appendage 4 is longitudinally positioned behind the stern end surface of the ship body, and the length direction of the stern vertical wing appendage 3 and the length direction of the chord of the stern horizontal wing appendage 4 form a certain included angle which is an acute angle.
The stern vertical wing appendage 3 is a symmetrical wing type.
When the stern horizontal wing appendage 4 changes different positions, the rear edge of the stern vertical wing appendage 3 aligns with the bottom of the stern plate when being connected with the stern.
The rear edge of the bow appendage 2 is positioned in the range of 0.1-5.60% of the water line length behind the stem; the rear edge of the stern horizontal wing appendage 4 is positioned in the range of 0-10% of the water line length behind the stern end face.
The vertical position of the stern horizontal wing appendage is as follows: the highest point of the appendage is not higher than the surface of the still water line, and the distance from the highest point of the appendage to the surface of the water line is less than 20 percent of the draught depth of the ship; the chord lengths of the bow appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage are as follows: 1.4% -10% of the water line length, the bow appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage are extended: the width of the water line is 30-100%.
The bow attachment 2 is installed to be matched with the shape of the head of the ship body 1; when the stern vertical wing appendage 3 and the stern horizontal wing appendage 4 are installed, the joint of the stern vertical wing appendage 3 and the stern is aligned, and the lower end surface of the stern vertical wing appendage 3 is matched with the upper surface of the stern horizontal wing appendage 4 in shape.
Example 1:
the method is characterized in that the design of an attached body for reducing drag and pitch is carried out aiming at a scale model (model water line length L is 5.72m, water line width B is 0.76m, draught T is 0.248m) of a certain high-speed ship type, and the calculation of the effects of reducing drag and pitch is carried out through a numerical simulation method, so that an attached body scheme with excellent effects of reducing drag and pitch is obtained, and the calculation result is as follows:
resistance calculation in still water (no wave):
Figure BDA0003721159170000071
the flight speed is 3.071m/s, and the pitching calculation when the Froude number Fr is 0.41 is carried out:
Figure BDA0003721159170000072
at the moment, the bow appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage have the same size, the chord length is 2.80 percent of the water line length, and the spread length is 73.68 percent of the water line width; the vertical position of the horizontal wing appendage of the stern is 26.22 percent T away from the waterline plane, the longitudinal position is 4.37 percent L away from the stern of the appendage, the vertical position of the bow appendage is 4.04 percent T away from the waterline plane, and the longitudinal position is 0.31 percent L away from the stem of the trailing edge.
Example 2:
because the airfoil equations of the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil of the fore appendage or the stern horizontal wing appendage include several different powers, the airfoil curve corresponding to all chord lengths cannot be expressed by the same equation, the upper and lower surface equations corresponding to the fore appendage or the stern horizontal wing appendage with the reference chord length of 100 are given as reference equations, and the embodiment takes the airfoil curve corresponding to the actual required chord length of 30 as an example for explanation; according to the equation provided by the invention, the airfoil curve corresponding to the reference chord length of 100 is established in modeling software, and then the established airfoil curve is scaled according to the proportion of 30/100, so that the airfoil curve corresponding to the actually required chord length 30 can be obtained.
The corresponding airfoil equations of the upper surface and the lower surface when the reference chord length is 100 are as follows:
upper surface:
Figure BDA0003721159170000081
lower surface:
Figure BDA0003721159170000082
those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a drag reduction pitching hydrofoil attaches body device suitable for high-speed boats and ships which characterized in that: the ship comprises at least one bow attachment, a stern vertical wing attachment and a stern horizontal wing attachment, wherein the bow attachment is arranged at the bow, the stern vertical wing attachment and the stern horizontal wing attachment are arranged at the stern respectively, the bow attachment, the stern vertical wing attachment and the stern horizontal wing attachment are all linear stretching objects with wing-shaped sections, the bow attachment, the stern vertical wing attachment and the stern horizontal wing attachment are all arranged below the waterline surface of the ship body when the ship floats under the working condition of normal displacement, the stern vertical wing attachment is used for connecting the stern horizontal wing attachment and the ship body, and the longitudinal section of the bow attachment and the longitudinal section of the stern horizontal wing attachment are concave upwards.
2. The drag reduction and pitch reduction hydrofoil appendage device suitable for high speed vessels of claim 1 wherein: establishing a reference chord length C of a bow appendage or a stern horizontal appendage in modeling software according to an airfoil equation r 100, the airfoil curves of the upper surface and the lower surface of the longitudinal section of the bow appendage or the stern horizontal appendage are corresponding, wherein the airfoil equation is as follows:
upper surface:
Figure FDA0003721159160000011
lower surface:
Figure FDA0003721159160000012
according to the actual required chord length C of the bow appendage or the stern horizontal wing appendage p And a reference chord length C r Ratio C of p /C r Zooming to obtain the actually required chord length C p The wing-shaped curves of the upper surface and the lower surface of the longitudinal section of the corresponding bow attachment or stern horizontal wing attachment.
3. The drag reduction and pitch reduction hydrofoil appendage device suitable for high speed vessels of claim 1 wherein: the rear edge of the stern horizontal wing appendage is longitudinally positioned behind the stern end surface of the ship body, and the length extending direction of the stern vertical wing appendage and the length direction of the chord length of the stern horizontal wing appendage form a certain included angle which is an acute angle.
4. The drag reduction and pitch reduction hydrofoil appendage device suitable for high speed vessels of claim 1 wherein: the vertical wing appendage of the stern is a symmetrical wing type.
5. The drag reduction and pitching hydrofoil appendage device suitable for high-speed ships according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the stern horizontal wing appendage changes different positions, the rear edge of the stern vertical wing appendage aligns with the bottom of the stern plate when the stern vertical wing appendage is connected with the stern.
6. The drag reduction and pitch reduction hydrofoil appendage device suitable for high speed vessels of claim 1 wherein: the rear edge of the bow appendage is positioned in the range of 0.1-5.60% of the water line length behind the stem; the rear edge of the stern horizontal wing appendage is positioned in the range of 0-10% of the water line length behind the stern end face.
7. The drag reduction and pitch reduction hydrofoil appendage device suitable for high speed vessels of claim 1 wherein: the vertical position of the stern horizontal wing appendage is as follows: the highest point of the appendage is not higher than the surface of the still water line, and the distance from the highest point of the appendage to the surface of the water line is less than 20% of the ship draft; the chord lengths of the bow appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage are as follows: 1.4% -10% of the water line length, the bow appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage are extended: the width of the water line is 30-100%.
8. The drag reduction and pitch reduction hydrofoil appendage device suitable for high speed vessels of claim 1 wherein: the bow attachment is installed to be matched with the shape of the head of the ship body; when the stern vertical wing appendage and the stern horizontal wing appendage are installed, the joint of the stern vertical wing appendage and the stern is aligned, and the lower end surface of the stern vertical wing appendage is matched with the upper surface of the stern horizontal wing appendage in shape.
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