CN114951552B - Preparation method of aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material and mold thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material and mold thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114951552B CN114951552B CN202210484449.4A CN202210484449A CN114951552B CN 114951552 B CN114951552 B CN 114951552B CN 202210484449 A CN202210484449 A CN 202210484449A CN 114951552 B CN114951552 B CN 114951552B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/061—Materials which make up the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/082—Sprues, pouring cups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/081—Casting porous metals into porous preform skeleton without foaming
Abstract
A preparation method of aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material and a mold thereof are provided, wherein the mold comprises a pouring hopper, a casting mold cavity and a base; dividing the casting mould cavity into a vertical pouring channel and a sample forming cavity by a baffle plate; the mould cavity is arranged on the base, and the sprue hopper is arranged on the vertical pouring gate of the mould cavity. The preparation method comprises the following steps: assembling a die; calculating the number of required steel hollow spheres and filling the sample injection piece forming cavity; setting a heating and heat preserving program, melting aluminum alloy blocks, and heating the die; pouring molten aluminum alloy solution into a vertical pouring channel from a pouring hopper until the aluminum alloy solution completely submerges all the steel hollow spheres, stopping pouring, and cooling the die to room temperature; and taking out the casting, and machining to obtain the aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material sample. The mold can reduce the consumption of the metal solution and shorten the filling time of the aluminum alloy solution. The hollow sphere reinforced composite material prepared by the method has the characteristics of low density, good sphere-base combination effect and few matrix defects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hollow sphere reinforced composite materials, and relates to a preparation method of an aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material and a mold thereof.
Background
The hollow ball reinforced composite material consists of a hollow metal ball reinforcement body and a solid metal matrix, and hollow balls which are uniformly distributed enable the hollow ball reinforced composite material to be uniformly deformed under the action of compression load, and has isotropic mechanical properties, so that the formation of a collapse zone and premature failure are avoided. The presence of the ductile matrix promotes better bonding between the spheres, thereby improving the strength and energy absorbing capacity of the material. The hollow sphere reinforced composite material integrates the characteristics and advantages of metal foam, a metal hollow sphere structure and a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material, has small density, high porosity, high specific stiffness and large energy absorption per unit volume, and is a novel metal matrix porous material with excellent mechanical properties and integrated structure/function.
CN108796256a discloses a method for preparing hollow sphere and aluminum alloy base sound insulation material, wherein stainless steel hollow spheres are randomly distributed in aluminum alloy powder to form a preform, and the preform is subjected to vacuum hot-pressing sintering to prepare the composite metal foam material. CN111283174a discloses "a metal hollow sphere composite material with pore gradient", which is prepared by filling an aluminum alloy solution into a metal hollow sphere structure which is arranged in advance in a mold by a pressure casting method. The method can be used for manufacturing the hollow sphere-like reinforced composite material, but the composite metal foam prepared by the hot-press sintering method is easy to have the phenomena of insufficient matrix sintering strength, obvious granularity and the like because the matrix is limited by various factors such as the size, pressure, temperature and the like of matrix powder particles. By adopting the pressure casting method, partial gas can be wrapped by the metal solution flowing from top to bottom to form air resistance, so that the metal matrix of the cooled metal hollow sphere composite material has obvious defects, and the use of the material is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method and a die of an aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material, aiming at the problems of large porosity, low strength, low filling degree of a matrix between spheres, easiness in generating air holes and the like of the existing hollow sphere reinforced composite material.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical means:
a mould for preparing a hollow sphere reinforced composite material comprises a pouring hopper 1, a casting mould cavity 2 and a base 3. The base 3 is of a square structure with an opening at the upper end, the casting mould cavity 2 is arranged in the base 3, and the outer side surface of the casting mould cavity 2 is not contacted with the inner side surface of the base 3. The mould cavity 2 is of a quadrangular frustum pyramid structure with upper and lower openings. The pouring hopper 1 is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the casting mould cavity 2, and the lower part of the pouring hopper is penetrated into the casting mould cavity 2. And a vertical partition plate 6 is arranged in the casting mold cavity 2, the top of the partition plate 6 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the casting mold cavity 2 and is in contact with the pouring hopper 1, a gap is reserved between the bottom of the partition plate 6 and the lower surface of the casting mold cavity 2, the gap is an inner pouring gate 7, the casting mold cavity 2 is divided into a vertical pouring gate 4 and a sample forming cavity 5 by the partition plate 6, wherein the area below the pouring hopper 1 is the vertical pouring gate, namely, the pouring hopper 1 is arranged on the vertical pouring gate 4 of the casting mold cavity 2.
The clearance between the outer side surface of the bottom of the casting mould cavity 2 and the inner side surface of the base 3 is as follows:
wherein l b The unit mm is the side length of the inner side surface of the base 3; l (L) c The unit mm is the side length of the outer side surface of the bottom of the casting mold cavity 2; l (L) g The clearance between the outer side surface of the bottom of the mold cavity 2 and the inner side surface of the base 3 is in mm.
The distance between the baffle plate 6 of the vertical pouring gate 4 and the sample piece forming cavity 5 in the casting mould cavity 2 and the inner surface of the base 3 is the height of an in-gate 7, and the height h of the in-gate b The following should be satisfied:
wherein h is b The height of the inner gate is in mm; d, d hs The diameter of the hollow steel ball is in mm; when the sphere diameter specifications of the selected hollow spheres are different, h b The value range is determined according to the sphere with the smallest sphere diameter.
Furthermore, the pouring hopper 1, the casting mould cavity 2 and the base 3 are all made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel, including 316L stainless steel, 310S stainless steel and other brands of high-temperature resistant stainless steel.
Further, the mold cavity 2 is provided with a draft angle.
The preparation method of the hollow sphere reinforced composite material based on the die comprises the following steps:
(1) The gate hopper 1, the mold cavity 2, and the base 3 are assembled.
(2) Filling a certain number of steel hollow spheres into the assembled die sample piece forming cavity 5 in the step (1), wherein in order to ensure that the aluminum solution is fully poured, the upper part space of the sample piece forming cavity 5 is not filled with the steel hollow spheres, namely the total volume of the steel hollow spheres is not more than one half of the volume of the sample piece forming cavity 5 occupied by the steel hollow spheres, and the number of the hollow spheres can be estimated by the following formula:
wherein f i The volume fraction of the sample molding cavity 5 occupied by the i-th hollow sphere is represented by i=1, 2, …, k, and k represents a total of k hollow spheres. n is n k The number of the hollow balls is the number of the steel hollow balls of the k type; v (V) k The unit cm is the single volume of the hollow sphere of the kth steel 3 ；V c For the sample forming cavity 5 volume, unit cm 3 。
(3) Setting a heating and heat-preserving program, and putting the crucible filled with the aluminum alloy blocks into an aluminum melting furnace for heating and melting; the heating and heat preservation procedure is a two-stage heating and two-stage heat preservation mode. The first stage is: heating to 400-480 ℃ from room temperature, and preserving heat for 15-30 minutes; the second stage is as follows: continuously heating to 720-750 ℃ and preserving heat for 45-60 minutes.
(4) Setting a heating and heat preservation program, and putting a die provided with the steel hollow ball into a muffle furnace for heating; the heating and heat preservation mode is consistent with the step (3).
(5) The mould with the steel hollow sphere was removed from the muffle and placed on a flat ground.
(6) After the crucible containing the aluminum alloy solution is taken out of the aluminum melting furnace, the molten aluminum alloy solution is poured into the vertical pouring channel 4 from the pouring hopper 1 until the aluminum alloy solution completely submerges all the steel hollow spheres in the sample forming cavity 5, and then pouring is stopped, and the mold is waited for air cooling to the room temperature.
(7) And taking out the casting from the casting mould cavity 2, and machining to obtain the aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material sample.
The invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material and a mold thereof, in particular to a preparation method of an aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material and a mold thereof, which have the following advantages compared with the prior art:
1) The die assembly is simple, easy to process and assemble, convenient for demoulding of the sample piece and reusable.
2) The preparation method adopts a casting mould with metal solution flowing from bottom to top, and fills molten aluminum alloy solution between the steel hollow spheres to prepare the hollow sphere reinforced composite material with aluminum alloy as a matrix and steel hollow spheres as a reinforcing body. The bottom-up pouring filling method can fully fill gaps among hollow spheres with liquid aluminum alloy solution, and simultaneously discharge air to reduce matrix defects.
3) The preparation method is not limited by the hollow sphere material and the matrix material, as long as the melting point of the hollow sphere material is higher than that of the matrix material, the required hollow sphere is mostly steel hollow sphere, the required matrix is light metal, and aluminum alloy is mostly adopted.
4) The preparation method is not limited by the size of the hollow sphere, and has flexible designability so as to adapt to different application scenes and service environments.
5) The aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material prepared by the preparation method and the die has the characteristics of small density, high compression platform stress, large densification strain, excellent energy absorption performance and the like. Because the hollow spheres and the matrix materials are flexible to select, the cell size and the stacking mode of the hollow spheres are varied, the aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material has wide performance space, and can adapt to different load environments and application requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a positive three-axis view of the inventive mold structure.
Fig. 2 (a) is a right side view of the mold structure of the present invention, and fig. 2 (b) is a sectional view of a section A-A in the right side view of the mold.
Fig. 3 is a sample of ZL 101A-based SPCC steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a sample of ZL 101A-based SPCC-316L stainless steel hollow sphere reinforced composite obtained in example 2 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 gate hopper, 2 mould cavity, 3 base, 4 vertical pouring gate, 5 sample piece forming cavity, 6 baffle plates, 7 inner gate, 8SPCC hollow sphere, 9ZL101 aluminum alloy matrix, 10 316L stainless steel hollow sphere.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is further illustrative, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention:
as shown in fig. 1, a hollow sphere reinforced composite material preparation mold comprises a pouring hopper 1, a casting mold cavity 2 and a base 3. The base 3 is of a square structure with an opening at the upper end, the casting mould cavity 2 is arranged in the base 3, and the outer side surface of the casting mould cavity 2 is not contacted with the inner side surface of the base 3. The mould cavity 2 is of a quadrangular frustum pyramid structure with upper and lower openings. The pouring hopper 1 is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the casting mould cavity 2, and the lower part of the pouring hopper is penetrated into the casting mould cavity 2. And a vertical partition plate 6 is arranged in the casting mold cavity 2, the top of the partition plate 6 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the casting mold cavity 2 and is in contact with the pouring hopper 1, a gap is reserved between the bottom of the partition plate 6 and the lower surface of the casting mold cavity 2, the gap is an inner pouring gate 7, the casting mold cavity 2 is divided into a vertical pouring gate 4 and a sample forming cavity 5 by the partition plate 6, wherein the area below the pouring hopper 1 is the vertical pouring gate, namely, the pouring hopper 1 is arranged on the vertical pouring gate 4 of the casting mold cavity 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the clearance between the outer side surface of the bottom of the mold cavity 2 and the inner side surface of the base 3 should be as follows:
wherein l b Is the side length of the inner side surface of the base 3, unitmm；l c The unit mm is the side length of the outer side surface of the bottom of the casting mold cavity 2; l (L) g The clearance between the outer side surface of the bottom of the mold cavity 2 and the inner side surface of the base 3 is in mm.
As shown in fig. 2, the in-gate 7 should satisfy:
wherein h is b The height of the inner gate is in mm; d, d hs The diameter of the hollow steel ball is in mm; when the sphere diameter specifications of the selected hollow spheres are different, h b The value range is determined according to the sphere with the smallest sphere diameter.
As shown in FIG. 1, the pouring hopper 1, the casting mold cavity 2 and the base 3 are all made of high temperature resistant stainless steel, including 316L stainless steel, 310S stainless steel and other brands of high temperature resistant stainless steel.
As shown in fig. 2, the mold cavity 2 is provided with draft angles.
The preparation method of the hollow sphere reinforced composite material based on the die comprises the following steps:
(1) The tundish 1, the mold cavity 2 and the base 3 are assembled as shown in fig. 1.
(2) Filling a certain number of steel hollow spheres into the assembled die sample piece forming cavity 5 in the step (1), wherein in order to ensure that the aluminum solution is fully poured, the upper part space of the sample piece forming cavity 5 is not filled with the steel hollow spheres, namely the total volume of the steel hollow spheres is not more than one half of the volume of the sample piece forming cavity 5 occupied by the steel hollow spheres, and the number of the hollow spheres can be estimated by the following formula:
wherein f i Representing the volume fraction of the sample molding cavity 5 occupied by the i-th hollow sphere, whichI=1, 2, …, k, represents a total of k hollow spheres. n is n k The number of the hollow balls is the number of the steel hollow balls of the k type; v (V) k The unit cm is the single volume of the hollow sphere of the kth steel 3 ；V c For the sample forming cavity 5 volume, unit cm 3 。
(3) Setting a heating and heat-preserving program, and putting the crucible filled with the aluminum alloy blocks into an aluminum melting furnace for heating and melting; the heating and heat preservation procedure is a two-stage heating and two-stage heat preservation mode. The first stage is: heating to 400-480 ℃ from room temperature, and preserving heat for 15-30 minutes; the second stage is as follows: continuously heating to 720-750 ℃ and preserving heat for 45-60 minutes.
(4) Setting a heating and heat preservation program, and putting a die provided with the steel hollow ball into a muffle furnace for heating; the heating and heat preservation mode is consistent with the step (3).
(5) The mould with the steel hollow sphere was removed from the muffle and placed on a flat ground.
(6) After the crucible containing the aluminum alloy solution is taken out of the aluminum melting furnace, the molten aluminum alloy solution is poured into the vertical pouring channel 4 from the pouring hopper 1 until the aluminum alloy solution completely submerges all the steel hollow spheres in the sample forming cavity 5, and then pouring is stopped, and the mold is waited for air cooling to the room temperature.
(7) And taking out the casting from the casting mould cavity 2, and machining to obtain the aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material sample.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of an aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material, wherein a matrix material is ZL101A aluminum alloy, a reinforcement is an SPCC hollow sphere with the diameter of 8.27mm, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1, a die for preparing ZL 101A-based SPCC hollow sphere reinforced composite material comprises a pouring hopper 1, a casting die cavity 2 and a base 3, wherein the casting die cavity 2 has the following dimensions: the outer side surface of the bottom is 93mm long, the outer side surface of the bottom is 93mm wide, the height is 100mm, and the drawing angle of the casting mold cavity is 2 degrees; sample molding cavity 5 dimensions in mold cavity 2: the bottom is 80mm long, the bottom is 60mm wide and the height is 100mm; the inner side surface of the base 3 is 113mm long and 113mm wide.
1.2 the clearance l between the outer side surface of the bottom of the mould cavity 2 and the inner side surface of the base 3 g ：
Wherein l b The inner side surface of the base 3 is long, and the unit is mm; l (L) c Is the length of the outer side surface of the bottom of the casting mould cavity 2, and the unit is mm.
1.3 in-gate height h b ：
Wherein h is b The height of the inner gate is in mm; d, d hs The diameter of the SPCC hollow sphere is in mm.
1.4 the material of the tundish 1, the mould cavity 2 and the base 3 is 316L stainless steel.
1.5 the gate hopper 1, the mold cavity 2 and the base 3 are assembled.
1.6 SPCC hollow sphere of this example 8 diameter d hs =8.27 mm, structural dimension L of the mold sample molding cavity 5 x ＝60mm、L y ＝80mm、L z =100 mm; in order to ensure that the aluminum solution is fully poured, the upper part space of the sample forming cavity 5 is not filled with hollow spheres, namely the total volume of the steel hollow spheres is not more than one half of the volume of the sample forming cavity 5, and the number n of the required SPCC hollow spheres is 8:
810 SPCC hollow spheres 8 were filled into the assembled mold sample forming cavity 5.
1.7, putting a crucible filled with ZL101A aluminum alloy blocks into an aluminum melting furnace for heating and melting, wherein the heating and heat preservation procedure is a two-stage heating and two-stage heat preservation mode, and the first stage is as follows: heating from room temperature to 400 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 minutes; the second stage is as follows: heating to 720 deg.c and maintaining for 45 min.
1.8 the mould with the SPCC hollow sphere 8 is placed into a muffle furnace for heating, and the heating and heat preservation procedures are consistent with those of the step 1.7.
1.9 the mould with the SPCC hollow sphere 8 was removed from the muffle and placed on a flat ground.
1.10 after taking out the crucible containing ZL101A aluminum alloy solution from the muffle furnace, pouring the molten ZL101A aluminum alloy into the vertical pouring channel 4 from the pouring hopper 1 until the ZL101A aluminum alloy solution completely submerges all SPCC hollow spheres 8 in the sample forming cavity 5, stopping pouring, and waiting for the air cooling of the die to room temperature.
1.11, taking out the casting from the casting mould cavity 2, and cutting the casting to obtain the ZL 101A-based SPCC steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material sample.
Sample mass m=234 g, sample boundary occupied space V b ＝91.88cm 3 Sample density ρ=2.55 g/cm 3 Compressive strength 30.84MPa and platform stress 68.65MPa.
The cross section of the sample piece of the ZL 101A-based SPCC steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material is shown in fig. 3, the hollow spheres of the sample piece are uniformly distributed, the sphere base is tightly combined, the filling degree of the matrix is high, and no obvious defect exists.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of an aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material, wherein a matrix material is ZL101 aluminum alloy, a reinforcement is an SPCC hollow sphere with the diameter of 8.27mm and a 316L stainless steel hollow sphere with the diameter of 14.8mm, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1 preparing a mould for ZL 101A-based SPCC-316L stainless steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material, which comprises a pouring hopper 1, a casting mould cavity 2 and a base 3, wherein the casting mould cavity 2 has the following dimensions: the outer side surface of the bottom is 93mm long, the outer side surface of the bottom is 93mm wide, the height is 100mm, and the drawing angle of the casting mold cavity is 2 degrees; sample molding cavity 5 dimensions in mold cavity 2: the bottom is 80mm long, the bottom is 60mm wide and the height is 100mm; the inner side surface of the base 3 is 113mm long and 113mm wide.
2.2 die cavity 2 bottom outer side and base 3 inner side clearance l g ：
Wherein l b The inner side surface of the base 3 is long, and the unit is mm; l (L) c Is the length of the outer side surface of the bottom of the casting mould cavity 2, and the unit is mm.
2.3 in-gate height h b ：
Wherein h is b The height of the inner gate is in mm; d, d hs1 The diameter of the SPCC hollow sphere is in mm; the sphere diameter specifications of the selected hollow spheres are different, h b The value range is determined according to the sphere with the smallest sphere diameter, namely the SPCC hollow sphere.
2.4 the material of the tundish 1, the mould cavity 2 and the base 3 is 310s stainless steel.
2.5 the gate hopper 1, the mold cavity 2 and the base 3 are assembled.
2.6 SPCC hollow sphere of this example 8 diameter d hs1 =8.27mm, 316l stainless steel hollow sphere 10 diameter d hs2 The die forming cavity 5 is divided into a left cavity and a right cavity with the structural dimension L of each cavity with the diameter of 14.8mm x ＝60mm、L y ＝40mm、L z =100 mm; in order to ensure that the aluminum solution is fully poured, the upper part space of the sample piece forming cavity 5 is not filled with steel hollow balls, namely the total volume of the hollow balls is not more than one half of the volume of each cavity, and the number n of SPCC hollow balls 8 and 316L stainless steel hollow balls 10 is needed 1 、n 2 ：
405 SPCC hollow spheres 8 were filled into the right cavity of the assembled mold sample forming cavity 5 and 70 316L stainless steel hollow spheres 10 were filled into the left cavity of the assembled mold sample forming cavity 5.
2.7, putting the crucible filled with the ZL101A aluminum alloy blocks into an aluminum melting furnace for heating and melting, wherein the heating and heat preservation procedure is a two-stage heating and two-stage heat preservation mode, and the first stage is as follows: heating from room temperature to 450 ℃, and preserving heat for 15 minutes; the second stage is as follows: heating to 750 deg.c and maintaining for 60 min.
2.8 the mould with the SPCC hollow spheres 8 and 316L stainless steel hollow spheres 10 was placed in a muffle furnace for heating, and the heating and heat preservation procedure was consistent with step 2.7.
2.9 the mould with the SPCC hollow spheres 8 and 316L stainless steel hollow spheres 10 was removed from the muffle and placed on a flat ground.
2.10 taking out the crucible containing ZL101A aluminum alloy solution from the muffle furnace, pouring molten ZL101A aluminum alloy into the vertical pouring channel 4 from the pouring hopper 1 until the ZL101A aluminum alloy solution completely submerges all SPCC hollow spheres 8 and 316L stainless steel hollow spheres 10 in the sample forming cavity 5, stopping pouring, and waiting for the mold to air cool to room temperature;
and 2.11, taking out the casting from the casting mold cavity 2, and cutting the casting to obtain the ZL 101A-based SPCC-316L stainless steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material sample.
Sample mass m=280.5g, sample boundary occupied space V b ＝120.92cm 3 Sample density ρ=2.32 g/cm 3 The compressive strength is 35.8MPa, and the platform stress is 76.69MPa.
The cross section of the sample piece of the ZL 101A-based SPCC-316L stainless steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material is shown in fig. 4, the hollow spheres of the sample piece are uniformly distributed, the combination of the sphere bases is tight, the filling degree of the matrix is high, no obvious defect exists, and the size gradient of the sphere diameter is obvious.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation mold for the hollow sphere reinforced composite material is characterized by comprising a pouring hopper (1), a casting mold cavity (2) and a base (3); the base (3) is of an upper end opening structure, the casting mould cavity (2) is arranged in the base (3), and the outer side surface of the casting mould cavity (2) is not contacted with the inner side surface of the base (3); the casting mould cavity (2) is of an upper-lower opening structure; the pouring hopper (1) is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the casting mould cavity (2), and the lower part of the pouring hopper stretches into the casting mould cavity (2); a vertical partition plate (6) is arranged in the casting mould cavity (2), the top of the partition plate (6) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the casting mould cavity (2) and is in contact with the pouring hopper (1), a gap is reserved between the bottom of the partition plate (6) and the lower surface of the casting mould cavity (2), the gap is an inner pouring gate (7), the casting mould cavity (2) is divided into a vertical pouring gate (4) and a sample forming cavity (5) by the partition plate (6), and the area below the pouring hopper (1) is the vertical pouring gate;
the clearance between the outer side surface of the bottom of the casting mould cavity (2) and the inner side surface of the base (3) is as follows:wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,l b the side length of the inner side surface of the base (3) is in mm;l c the side length of the outer side surface of the bottom of the casting mold cavity (2) is in mm;l g the unit mm is the gap between the outer side surface of the bottom of the casting mold cavity (2) and the inner side surface of the base (3);
the height of the inner pouring gate (7)The method meets the following conditions: />Wherein (1)>The height of the inner gate is in mm;d hs the diameter of the hollow steel ball is in mm; when the sphere diameter specifications of the selected hollow spheres are different,h b the value range is determined according to the sphere with the smallest sphere diameter.
2. The hollow sphere reinforced composite material preparation mold according to claim 1, wherein the pouring hopper (1), the casting mold cavity (2) and the base (3) are all made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel.
3. A mould for the preparation of a hollow sphere reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the mould cavity (2) is provided with a draft angle.
4. A method for preparing a hollow sphere reinforced composite material based on the mould of claim 1 or 2 or 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) assembling a pouring hopper (1), a casting mould cavity (2) and a base (3);
(2) Filling a certain number of steel hollow balls into the assembled die sample forming cavity (5) in the step (1), wherein the upper part space of the sample forming cavity (5) is not filled with the steel hollow balls in order to ensure that the aluminum solution is fully poured; in the step (2), the total volume of the steel hollow spheres is not more than one half of the volume of the sample piece forming cavity (5), and the number of the hollow spheres is estimated by the following formula:wherein (1)>Represent the firstiThe hollow sphere-like part occupies the volume fraction of the sample forming cavity (5), whereini=1,2,…,kRepresenting a commonality ofkHollow-like balls;n k is the firstkThe number of the steel-like hollow balls;V k is the firstkSingle volume of hollow ball like steel, unit cm 3 ；V c The volume of the sample forming cavity (5) is unit cm 3 ；
(3) Setting a heating and heat-preserving program, and putting the crucible filled with the aluminum alloy blocks into an aluminum melting furnace for heating and melting; the heating and heat preservation program is a two-stage heating and two-stage heat preservation mode; the first stage is: heating to 400-480 ℃ from room temperature, and preserving heat for 15-30 minutes; the second stage is as follows: continuously heating to 720-750 ℃, and preserving heat for 45-60 minutes;
(4) Setting a heating and heat preservation program, and putting a die provided with the steel hollow ball into a muffle furnace for heating; the heating and heat preservation mode is consistent with the step (3);
(5) Taking out the die with the steel hollow ball from the muffle furnace and placing the die on a flat ground;
(6) Taking out the crucible filled with the aluminum alloy solution from the aluminum melting furnace, pouring the molten aluminum alloy solution into a vertical pouring channel (4) from a pouring hopper (1) until the aluminum alloy solution completely submerges all the steel hollow spheres in a sample piece forming cavity (5), stopping pouring, and waiting for air cooling of the die to room temperature;
(7) And taking out the casting from the casting mould cavity (2), and machining to obtain the aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material sample.
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| WO2006083375A2 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2006-08-10 | North Carolina State University | Metal foam comprising hollow metal spheres and solid matrix and methods of preparation thereof |
| AT12825U1 (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-12-15 | Ceratizit Austria Gmbh | FLOODABLE, POROUS OBJECT |
| CN103614586B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-04-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Al 2o 3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous |
| MX2018002444A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2018-08-24 | Ustav Materialov A Mech Strojov Sav | Method of production of component from metal foam, component produced by said method and mould for the realization of said method. |
| CN108796256B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-04-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Preparation method of hollow sphere and aluminum alloy based sound insulation material |
| US10913990B2 (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2021-02-09 | Korea Institute Of Machinery & Materials | Aluminum alloy foam and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN109513906A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-03-26 | 宁波赛孚新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of hollow sphere metal composite foam production method |
| CN110560668A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-13 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院洛阳先进制造产业研发基地 | Gravity casting method and equipment for ceramic hollow sphere/metal matrix composite foam material |
| CN110560657B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-02-09 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院洛阳先进制造产业研发基地 | Ceramic hollow sphere/titanium-based composite foam material and centrifugal casting method thereof |
| CN111283174A (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2020-06-16 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Hollow metal ball composite material with pore gradient |
| CN113560543B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2022-06-10 | 东北大学 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite porous material with gradient structure and controllable deformation |
| CN114231778A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material |
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