CN114231778A - Preparation method of density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A preparation method of a density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material relates to a preparation method of a density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material. The method aims to solve the problems that the comprehensive performance of the homogeneous single-structure aluminum-based porous material is poor, and the strength of the gradient foamed aluminum cannot meet the application requirement. The method comprises the following steps: weighing alumina hollow spheres, fly ash hollow spheres or hollow glass beads; mixing aluminum metal powder and hollow spheres to prepare 2-5 kinds of mixed powder containing hollow spheres with different volume fractions or different particle sizes, and flatly paving the mixed powder in a mold layer by layer according to kinds to obtain a density gradient hollow sphere preform; preheating and liquid aluminum infiltration are carried out. According to the invention, the hollow spheres and the aluminum powder are mixed to control the volume fraction of each layer of hollow spheres, so that the density of the porous composite material is regulated and controlled, and the hollow sphere porous composite material with density gradient is obtained, and the controllability of density, toughness and energy absorption capacity is achieved, so that the comprehensive performance is good. The method is suitable for preparing the aluminum-based porous composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material.
Background
In recent years, with the development and progress of science and technology, the demand for armor weapons has been increasing due to the rapid development of anti-armor weapons. Therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the strength and shape of the porous composite material to provide better energy absorption and thus better reliability of the armored weapon.
The traditional foamed aluminum has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength and large compression deformation amount, but the problems of low strength, low rigidity and low impact load resistance are difficult to meet the increasing demand of armor weapons. Therefore, the energy absorption efficiency of the material can be improved by improving the strength of the porous material, scientists add the hollow spheres into an aluminum matrix as cavities or pores to prepare the porous aluminum matrix composite material, and the strength of the composite material is obviously improved compared with foamed aluminum.
Most of the existing aluminum-based porous materials are homogeneous single structures, and common hollow sphere pore-forming materials comprise aluminum oxide hollow spheres (aluminum oxide hollow microspheres), fly ash hollow spheres (fly ash hollow microspheres) and glass microsphere hollow spheres (hollow glass microspheres). The alumina cenospheres have high chemical purity, stable property, less defects and large thickness-radius ratio t/R, so that the porous composite material prepared from the cenospheres with the same volume fraction has higher density and lower porosity. The fly ash hollow ball is the residue after coal combustion, has complex chemical components and mainly contains SiO2And Al2O3. The fly ash hollow ball is extracted from the remainder after the coal is burnt for reutilization, so the cost is low; compared with the alumina hollow microspheres, the fly ash hollow spheres have low density, but the pore walls have the defects of small pores with uneven sizes and the like, and the strength is low. The geometric morphology of the glass microsphere hollow sphere is close to a regular sphere, the wall thickness is very thin and is only about 1 mu m, the strength of the glass microsphere hollow sphere with low density is strictly influenced by the wall thickness, the strength of the glass microsphere hollow sphere is increased along with the increase of the wall thickness, but when the wall thickness is increased, the porosity of the hollow sphere is influenced, the porosity of the composite material is reduced, and therefore the energy absorption capacity of the composite material is reduced. Therefore, the existing aluminum-based porous material with a homogeneous single structure has poor comprehensive performance. At present, researches on gradient aluminum-based porous materials mainly focus on researches on gradient foamed aluminum, but the strength of the gradient foamed aluminum cannot meet some practical application requirements due to the low strength of the foamed aluminum.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material.
The preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material is completed according to the following steps:
weighing hollow spheres and aluminum metal powder;
the hollow ball is an alumina hollow ball, a fly ash hollow ball or a hollow glass bead;
preparation of hollow sphere preform with density gradient
Mixing aluminum metal powder and hollow spheres to prepare 2-5 kinds of mixed powder containing hollow spheres with different volume fractions or different particle sizes, and flatly paving the prepared mixed powder in a mold layer by layer according to kinds to obtain a density gradient hollow sphere preform; weighing aluminum metal blocks;
the spreading thickness of each mixed powder is 2-20 mm;
the volume fraction of the hollow sphere in each mixed powder is 10-70%;
the average particle size of the hollow sphere in each mixed powder is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder; the average grain diameter of the aluminum metal powder and the average grain diameter of the hollow sphere in each mixed powder are 20-200 mu m;
the volume fraction of the aluminum metal blocks in the density gradient hollow sphere preform is 30-50%;
the aluminum metal is the same as the aluminum metal powder in material; the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum metal block are made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy is one or a combination of more of Al-Si alloy, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Zn-Cu alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Be alloy, Al-Li alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy. The mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 0.5-25%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Mg in the Al-Mg alloy is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Mg alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Be in the Al-Be alloy is 0.5-20%; the mass fraction of Li in the Al-Li alloy is 0.5-35%; the mass fraction of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy Si is 0.5-25%, the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%.
Thirdly, preheating: moving the density gradient hollow sphere preform obtained in the step two into a heating furnace with a mold, heating the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 350-700 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-8 h under the condition that the temperature is 350-700 ℃ to obtain a preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform; heating the aluminum metal block weighed in the second step to 50-400 ℃ above the melting point under the protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal; the melting temperature is higher, so that the fluidity of the hydraulic aluminum is better, the wettability of the hydraulic aluminum and the hollow sphere is improved, and the later-stage preparation of the composite material is facilitated;
the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, argon or helium;
the pressure of the protective atmosphere is 0.1MPa to 10 MPa;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: and (3) placing the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform belt mold obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform in the mold, performing pressure infiltration, and finally cooling and demolding to obtain the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material.
And applying pressure by a press machine in the pressure infiltration process to infiltrate molten aluminum metal into the gaps of the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform. In order to ensure that the liquid aluminum can fully infiltrate into the micron gaps of the hollow spheres without damaging the hollow structure of the hollow spheres, a low-pressure infiltration method is adopted.
The pressure during the pressure infiltration is 5-20 MPa;
the cooling speed of the cooling is 10-30 ℃/min;
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. prepressing is not needed in the preparation process of the preform. Meanwhile, low-pressure infiltration is adopted in the pressure infiltration, and the infiltration pressure is adjusted to improve the wetting and the fluidity of the molten metal aluminum, so that the molten metal aluminum is easy to infiltrate into the pores of the hollow spheres and the hollow structure of the hollow spheres is kept from being damaged;
2. according to the invention, the volume fraction of each layer of hollow spheres is controlled by mixing the hollow spheres and the aluminum powder, and the density of the porous composite material is regulated and controlled by adopting the volume fraction of the hollow spheres in each layer, so that the hollow sphere porous composite material with density gradient is obtained. Therefore, the characteristics of each layer are regulated and controlled through the volume fraction of the hollow spheres in each layer, each layer synergistically exerts advantages, the density, the toughness, the energy absorption capacity and the like are controllable, and a plurality of performances are perfectly matched, so that the comprehensive performance is good.
3. The preparation method is simple, easy to operate and easy to control; can be used for preparing large block composite materials. Meanwhile, the prepared density gradient hollow sphere porous aluminum matrix composite material is low in density and can be used in occasions with high quality requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a macroscopic structure photograph of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material obtained in example 2.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments is included.
The first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material is completed according to the following steps:
weighing hollow spheres and aluminum metal powder;
the hollow ball is an alumina hollow ball, a fly ash hollow ball or a hollow glass bead;
preparation of hollow sphere preform with density gradient
Mixing aluminum metal powder and hollow spheres to prepare 2-5 kinds of mixed powder containing hollow spheres with different volume fractions or different particle sizes, and flatly paving the prepared mixed powder in a mold layer by layer according to kinds to obtain a density gradient hollow sphere preform; weighing aluminum metal blocks;
the average particle size of the hollow sphere in each mixed powder is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder;
the aluminum metal is the same as the aluminum metal powder in material;
thirdly, preheating: moving the density gradient hollow sphere preform obtained in the step two into a heating furnace with a mold, heating the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 350-700 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-8 h under the condition that the temperature is 350-700 ℃ to obtain a preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform; heating the aluminum metal block weighed in the second step to 50-400 ℃ above the melting point under the protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal; the melting temperature is higher, so that the fluidity of the hydraulic aluminum is better, the wettability of the hydraulic aluminum and the hollow sphere is improved, and the later-stage preparation of the composite material is facilitated;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: and (3) placing the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform belt mold obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform in the mold, performing pressure infiltration, and finally cooling and demolding to obtain the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material.
And applying pressure by a press machine in the pressure infiltration process to infiltrate molten aluminum metal into the gaps of the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform. In order to ensure that the liquid aluminum can fully infiltrate into the micron gaps of the hollow spheres without damaging the hollow structure of the hollow spheres, a low-pressure infiltration method is adopted.
The embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. prepressing is not required in the preparation process of the preform in the embodiment. Meanwhile, low-pressure infiltration is adopted in the pressure infiltration, and the infiltration pressure is adjusted to improve the wetting and the fluidity of the molten metal aluminum, so that the molten metal aluminum is easy to infiltrate into the pores of the hollow spheres and the hollow structure of the hollow spheres is kept from being damaged;
2. in the embodiment, the volume fraction of each layer of hollow spheres is controlled by mixing the hollow spheres with aluminum powder, and the density of the porous composite material is controlled by adopting the volume fraction of the hollow spheres in each layer, so that the hollow sphere porous composite material with a density gradient is obtained. Therefore, the characteristics of each layer are regulated and controlled through the volume fraction of the hollow spheres in each layer, each layer synergistically exerts advantages, the density, the toughness, the energy absorption capacity and the like are controllable, and a plurality of performances are perfectly matched, so that the comprehensive performance is good.
3. The preparation method of the embodiment is simple, easy to operate and easy to control the process; can be used for preparing large block composite materials. Meanwhile, the prepared density gradient hollow sphere porous aluminum matrix composite material is low in density and can be used in occasions with high quality requirements.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: and in the second step, the spreading thickness of each mixed powder is 2-20 mm.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: in the second step, the volume fraction of the hollow sphere in each mixed powder is 10-70%.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: in the second step, the average grain diameter of the aluminum metal powder and the average grain diameter of the hollow spheres in each mixed powder are 20-200 μm.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: and secondly, the volume fraction of the aluminum metal blocks in the density gradient hollow sphere preform is 30-50%.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: secondly, the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum metal block are made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy is one or a combination of more of Al-Si alloy, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Zn-Cu alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Be alloy, Al-Li alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 0.5-25%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Mg in the Al-Mg alloy is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Mg alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Be in the Al-Be alloy is 0.5-20%; the mass fraction of Li in the Al-Li alloy is 0.5-35%; the mass fraction of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy Si is 0.5-25%, the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: and step three, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, argon or helium.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: and step three, the pressure of the protective atmosphere is 0.1 MPa-10 MPa.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: and fourthly, the pressure during the pressure infiltration is 5-20 MPa.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: and the cooling speed of the cooling in the fourth step is 10-30 ℃/min.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material is completed according to the following steps:
weighing hollow spheres and aluminum metal powder;
the hollow ball is a hollow glass bead;
preparation of hollow sphere preform with density gradient
Mixing aluminum metal powder and the hollow spheres to prepare 3 kinds of mixed powder containing hollow spheres with different volume fractions, and flatly paving the prepared mixed powder in a mold layer by layer according to kinds to obtain a density gradient hollow sphere preform; weighing aluminum metal blocks;
the spreading thickness of each mixed powder is 2 mm;
the volume fractions of the hollow spheres in the 3 kinds of mixed powder are 45%, 55% and 65% respectively;
the average particle size of the hollow sphere in each mixed powder is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder; the average grain diameter of the aluminum metal powder and the average grain diameter of the hollow spheres in each mixed powder are 80 mu m;
the volume of the aluminum metal block in the density gradient hollow sphere preform is 40%;
the aluminum metal is the same as the aluminum metal powder in material; the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum metal block are made of pure aluminum;
thirdly, preheating: moving the density gradient hollow sphere preform obtained in the step two into a heating furnace with a mold, heating the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 600 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours under the condition that the temperature is 600 ℃ to obtain a preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform; heating the aluminum metal block weighed in the second step to 800 ℃ under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal;
the protective atmosphere is nitrogen;
the pressure of the protective atmosphere is 2 MPa;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: and (3) placing the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform belt mold obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform in the mold, performing pressure infiltration, and finally cooling and demolding to obtain the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material.
The pressure during the pressure infiltration is 20 MPa; the cooling speed of the cooling is 30 ℃/min;
through detection, the density of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material obtained in example 1 is 1.13g/m3The peak stress is 44.7MPa, and the energy absorption capacity is 20.0MJ/m3The specific energy absorption was 17.7J/g.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material is completed according to the following steps:
weighing hollow spheres and aluminum metal powder;
the hollow ball is a fly ash hollow ball;
preparation of hollow sphere preform with density gradient
Mixing aluminum metal powder and the hollow spheres to prepare 2 kinds of mixed powder containing hollow spheres with different volume fractions, and flatly paving the prepared mixed powder in a mold layer by layer according to kinds to obtain a density gradient hollow sphere preform; weighing aluminum metal blocks;
the spreading thickness of each mixed powder is 20 mm;
the volume fraction of the hollow spheres in the 2 mixed powder is 65 percent;
the average particle size of the hollow sphere in each mixed powder is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder;
wherein the average particle size of the hollow spheres and the average particle size of the aluminum metal powder in the mixed powder are 75 micrometers; the average particle size of the hollow spheres and the average particle size of the aluminum metal powder in the other mixed powder are 200 mu m;
the volume of the aluminum metal block in the density gradient hollow sphere preform is 35 percent;
the aluminum metal is the same as the aluminum metal powder in material; the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum metal block are made of pure aluminum;
thirdly, preheating: moving the density gradient hollow sphere preform obtained in the step two into a heating furnace with a mold, heating the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 600 ℃, and preserving the heat for 4 hours under the condition that the temperature is 600 ℃ to obtain a preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform; heating the aluminum metal block weighed in the second step to 850 ℃ under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal;
the protective atmosphere is nitrogen;
the pressure of the protective atmosphere is 0.1 MPa;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: and (3) placing the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform belt mold obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform in the mold, performing pressure infiltration, and finally cooling and demolding to obtain the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material.
The pressure during the pressure infiltration is 5 MPa;
the cooling speed of the cooling is 10 ℃/min;
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the macrostructure of the density gradient composite obtained in example 2.
Through detection, the density of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material obtained in the embodiment 2 is 1.45g/m3The peak stress is 31.5MPa, and the energy absorption capacity is 20.1MJ/m3The specific energy absorption was 13.9J/g.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material is completed according to the following steps:
weighing hollow spheres and aluminum metal powder;
the hollow ball is a hollow glass bead;
preparation of hollow sphere preform with density gradient
Mixing aluminum metal powder and the hollow spheres to prepare 2 kinds of mixed powder containing hollow spheres with different volume fractions, and flatly paving the prepared mixed powder in a mold layer by layer according to kinds to obtain a density gradient hollow sphere preform; weighing aluminum metal blocks;
the spreading thickness of each mixed powder is 20 mm;
the volume fractions of the hollow spheres in the 2 kinds of mixed powder are 55% and 65% respectively;
the average particle size of the hollow sphere in each mixed powder is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder; the average grain diameter of the aluminum metal powder and the average grain diameter of the hollow sphere in each mixed powder are 20-200 mu m;
the volume of the aluminum metal block in the density gradient hollow sphere preform is 40%;
the aluminum metal is the same as the aluminum metal powder in material; the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum metal block are made of pure aluminum;
thirdly, preheating: moving the density gradient hollow sphere preform obtained in the step two into a heating furnace with a mold, heating the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 550 ℃, and preserving the heat for 8 hours under the condition that the temperature is 550 ℃ to obtain a preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform; heating the aluminum metal block weighed in the second step to 900 ℃ under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal;
the protective atmosphere is nitrogen;
the pressure of the protective atmosphere is 10 MPa;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: and (3) placing the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform belt mold obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform in the mold, performing pressure infiltration, and finally cooling and demolding to obtain the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material.
The pressure during the pressure infiltration is 10 MPa;
the cooling speed of the cooling is 20 ℃/min;
through detection, the density of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material obtained in example 3 is 1.18g/m3The peak stress is 102.5MPa, and the energy absorption capacity is 40.6MJ/m3The specific energy absorption was 34.4J/g.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material is completed according to the following steps:
weighing hollow spheres and aluminum metal powder;
the hollow ball is an alumina hollow ball, a fly ash hollow ball or a hollow glass bead;
preparation of hollow sphere preform with density gradient
Mixing aluminum metal powder and hollow spheres to prepare 2-5 kinds of mixed powder containing hollow spheres with different volume fractions or different particle sizes, and flatly paving the prepared mixed powder in a mold layer by layer according to kinds to obtain a density gradient hollow sphere preform; weighing aluminum metal blocks;
the average particle size of the hollow sphere in each mixed powder is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder;
the aluminum metal is the same as the aluminum metal powder in material;
thirdly, preheating: moving the density gradient hollow sphere preform obtained in the step two into a heating furnace with a mold, heating the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 350-700 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-8 h under the condition that the temperature is 350-700 ℃ to obtain a preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform; heating the aluminum metal block weighed in the second step to 50-400 ℃ above the melting point under the protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: and (3) placing the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform belt mold obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preheated density gradient hollow sphere preform in the mold, performing pressure infiltration, and finally cooling and demolding to obtain the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material.
2. The preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, the spreading thickness of each mixed powder is 2-20 mm.
3. The preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the volume fraction of the hollow sphere in each mixed powder is 10-70%.
4. The preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the average grain diameter of the aluminum metal powder and the average grain diameter of the hollow spheres in each mixed powder are 20-200 μm.
5. The preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and secondly, the volume fraction of the aluminum metal blocks in the density gradient hollow sphere preform is 30-50%.
6. The preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: secondly, the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum metal block are made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy is one or a combination of more of Al-Si alloy, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Zn-Cu alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Be alloy, Al-Li alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 0.5-25%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Mg in the Al-Mg alloy is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Mg alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Be in the Al-Be alloy is 0.5-20%; the mass fraction of Li in the Al-Li alloy is 0.5-35%; the mass fraction of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy Si is 0.5-25%, the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%.
7. The preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step three, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, argon or helium.
8. The preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step three, the pressure of the protective atmosphere is 0.1 MPa-10 MPa.
9. The preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and fourthly, the pressure during the pressure infiltration is 5-20 MPa.
10. The preparation method of the density gradient hollow sphere reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the cooling speed of the cooling in the fourth step is 10-30 ℃/min.
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| CN114951552A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-30 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method and mold of aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material |
| CN115029575A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-09-09 | 河北大学 | In-situ preparation method of gradient porous composite material |
| CN117089737A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-11-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Integrated forming method of metallurgically bonded aluminum-based porous composite sandwich structure |
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| CN111283174A (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2020-06-16 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Hollow metal ball composite material with pore gradient |
| CN113061770A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-07-02 | 广东省科学院材料与加工研究所 | Aluminum-based porous composite material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113560543A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-29 | 东北大学 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite porous material with gradient structure and controllable deformation |
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| CN111283174A (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2020-06-16 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Hollow metal ball composite material with pore gradient |
| CN113061770A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-07-02 | 广东省科学院材料与加工研究所 | Aluminum-based porous composite material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113560543A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-29 | 东北大学 | Preparation method of aluminum-based composite porous material with gradient structure and controllable deformation |
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| CN114951552A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-30 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method and mold of aluminum-based steel hollow sphere reinforced composite material |
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