CN114231860B - Preparation method of nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
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- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
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Abstract
A preparation method of a nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum matrix composite relates to a preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite. The problems that the hollow glass beads are low in strength, and a porous aluminum-based composite material prepared from the hollow glass beads is low in strength and poor in energy absorption effect are solved. The method comprises the following steps: weighing hollow glass beads, a silicon carbide reinforcement, aluminum metal powder and an aluminum ingot, mixing the silicon carbide reinforcement and the hollow glass beads to obtain composite powder, mixing the dried composite powder with the aluminum metal powder to obtain mixed powder, and filling the mixed powder into a graphite mold to obtain a preheated preform; preparing molten aluminum metal; and finally, impregnating liquid aluminum. According to the invention, the nano silicon carbide and the hollow glass beads are mixed, the silicon carbide reinforcement can uniformly cover the surfaces of the glass beads, and the silicon carbide reinforcement and the glass beads form mechanical combination, so that the bearing capacity of the hollow glass beads is improved, and the composite material has higher porosity.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite
Background art:
the foam metal is a metal material containing a large number of pore structures, has the characteristics of large porosity, large specific surface area, large specific strength, large specific rigidity, good energy absorption, vibration and noise reduction, heat insulation, radiation shielding and the like, and has huge application prospects in the industries of aerospace, petrochemical industry, nuclear energy, building, automobiles and the like.
Aluminum foam, which is a representative of metal foams, is a novel porous metal material that has been widely studied in recent years. Foamed aluminum is light in weight and high in specific strength, can continuously change under almost unchanged platform stress to absorb energy, but because foamed aluminum is not high in strength and rigidity, the foamed aluminum is generally researched to be applied to various industries with the requirements of impact resistance and sound absorption as a sandwich structure. The foamed aluminum has the problems of relatively complex preparation process, difficult control of cost, low mechanical property and the like. In order to solve the problem, researchers take the hollow microspheres as holes to successfully prepare the aluminum-based porous composite material, and the mechanical property of the aluminum-based porous composite material is greatly improved compared with that of foamed aluminum. The hollow microspheres are used as fillers and are applied to high polymer materials at first, and a large number of researches show that the addition of the hollow microspheres subjected to surface modification into a rubber and plastic material can reduce the density of a matrix, improve the rigidity and the strength of the matrix, improve the dimensional stability and the insulativity of the material and reduce the material cost. Compared with the hollow microsphere reinforced epoxy resin porous material, the research of the hollow microsphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is late, and the wall thickness of the hollow microsphere reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is mainly limited to be thinner, so that the preparation process requirement is higher. The hollow glass beads are not high in strength and are easy to break in the preparation process, so that the performance of the composite material is lost.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of a nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material, aiming at solving the problems of low strength of hollow glass beads, low strength of a porous aluminum-based composite material prepared from the hollow glass beads and poor energy absorption effect.
The preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing materials
Weighing 20-65% of hollow glass beads, 0.5-2% of silicon carbide reinforcement, 0.5-48% of aluminum metal powder and 30-49% of aluminum ingot according to volume fraction;
the silicon carbide reinforcement is a silicon carbide nanowire or a silicon carbide whisker;
the average length of the silicon carbide nanowires is 5-20 microns, and the average diameter of the silicon carbide nanowires is 20-50 nm; the average length of the silicon carbide whisker is 5-10 mu m, and the average diameter is 50-100 nm;
the average particle size of the hollow glass beads is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder;
the average particle size of the hollow glass beads and the average particle size of the aluminum metal powder are 20-80 microns, and the wall thickness-to-radius ratio of the hollow glass beads is 0.043-0.064;
the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of the same material;
the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy is one or a combination of more of Al-Si alloy, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Zn-Cu alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Be alloy, Al-Li alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 0.5-25%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Mg in the Al-Mg alloy is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Mg alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Be in the Al-Be alloy is 0.5-20%; the mass fraction of Li in the Al-Li alloy is 0.5-35%; the mass fraction of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy Si is 0.5-25%, the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%;
secondly, mixing the materials
Mixing the silicon carbide reinforcement weighed in the step one with hollow glass beads in a solution and carrying out magnetic stirring, or mixing the silicon carbide reinforcement with the hollow glass beads and carrying out low-speed ball milling to obtain composite powder, then drying the composite powder, and mixing the dried composite powder with aluminum metal powder to obtain mixed powder; the silicon carbide reinforcement bodies can be uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the hollow glass beads by mixing in the solution and carrying out magnetic stirring or mixing and carrying out low-speed ball milling;
the solution is alcohol or water, the stirring speed is 250 rmp-500 rpm during magnetic stirring, and the stirring time is 6-24 h;
the ratio of the volume of the solution to the total mass of the silicon carbide reinforcement and the hollow glass beads is 100 mL: (1-10) g;
the low-speed ball milling process comprises the following steps: the ball material ratio is 5-10: 1, the rotating speed is 100-200 rpm, and the time is 2-6 h;
the drying temperature is 70-120 ℃, and the drying time is 12-36 h;
thirdly, preheating: filling the mixed powder obtained in the step two into a graphite mold, compacting, then moving the mold into a heating furnace, raising the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 550-650 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain a preheated preform; heating the aluminum ingot weighed in the step one to 50-400 ℃ above the melting point under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal; because the melting temperature is higher, the liquidity of the hydraulic aluminum is better, the wettability of the hydraulic aluminum with the hollow glass beads and the silicon carbide nanowires or whiskers is also improved, and the preparation of the composite material at the later stage is facilitated;
the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, argon or helium, and the pressure of the protective gas is 0.1MPa to 10 MPa;
the heat preservation time is 2-8 h;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: placing the preheated preform obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preform in a mold, and applying pressure to infiltrate the molten aluminum metal into the gap of the preform by the press machine; cooling at the speed of 15-45 ℃/min after infiltration, and demolding after cooling to obtain an ingot, namely the completion;
the pressure applied by the press is 5MPa to 25 MPa; the micron gap of the hollow glass microsphere can be fully infiltrated by controlling the pressure, and meanwhile, the hollow structure of the hollow glass microsphere is not damaged.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention takes the hollow glass beads as the pores of the porous material, the hollow glass beads are close to a regular sphere, the purity is higher, the impurities are less, and the defects of complete pore walls are less, so the prepared porous composite material has higher porosity, and meanwhile, the problem of difficult preparation caused by thin walls of the hollow glass beads is solved by controlling the pressure by using the pressure infiltration technology, and the light porous composite material with high porosity is prepared.
2. According to the invention, the nano silicon carbide and the hollow glass beads are mixed, the silicon carbide reinforcement can uniformly cover the surfaces of the glass beads, the silicon carbide reinforcement and the glass beads form mechanical combination, when the silicon carbide is stressed, the silicon carbide firstly bears load, the strength of the silicon carbide is far higher than that of the hollow glass beads, the bearing capacity of the hollow glass beads is obviously improved, the damage quantity of the hollow glass beads in the preparation process can be reduced, the composite material has higher porosity, and meanwhile, the nano silicon carbide covering the surfaces of glass positions in the composite material can bear more pressure, so that the damage of the hollow glass beads is delayed, and the strength and the energy absorption capacity of the composite material are improved. Meanwhile, the density of the composite material cannot be obviously changed by adding a small amount of nano silicon carbide, so that the specific energy absorption capacity of the composite material is obviously improved. The peak stress can reach up to 128.5MPa, and the energy absorption capacity is 59.0MJ/m 3 The specific energy absorption was 44.0J/g.
3. The invention provides a method for preparing a porous aluminum-based composite material with low cost, which has the advantages of simple process method, easy operation, excellent performance of the composite material and easy realization of industrialization and application, and can be used for preparing large-size materials.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a structural photograph of a nano-SiC and hollow glass bead hybrid reinforced porous Al-based composite obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing quasi-static compressive properties of porous aluminum matrix composites; in the figure, a curve a is the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material obtained in example 1, and b is the glass bead/Al composite material obtained in the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments is included.
The first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum matrix composite material is carried out according to the following steps:
weighing materials
Weighing 20-65% of hollow glass beads, 0.5-2% of silicon carbide reinforcement, 0.5-48% of aluminum metal powder and 30-49% of aluminum ingot according to volume fraction;
the silicon carbide reinforcement is a silicon carbide nanowire or a silicon carbide whisker;
the average particle size of the hollow glass beads is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder;
secondly, mixing the materials
Mixing the silicon carbide reinforcement weighed in the step one with hollow glass beads in a solution and carrying out magnetic stirring, or mixing the silicon carbide reinforcement with the hollow glass beads and carrying out low-speed ball milling to obtain composite powder, then drying the composite powder, and mixing the dried composite powder with aluminum metal powder to obtain mixed powder; the silicon carbide reinforcement bodies can be uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the hollow glass beads by mixing in the solution and carrying out magnetic stirring or mixing and carrying out low-speed ball milling;
the solution is alcohol or water, the stirring speed is 250 rmp-500 rpm during magnetic stirring, and the stirring time is 6-24 h;
the ratio of the volume of the solution to the total mass of the silicon carbide reinforcement and the hollow glass beads is 100 mL: (1-10) g;
the low-speed ball milling process comprises the following steps: the ball material ratio is 5-10: 1, the rotating speed is 100-200 rpm, and the time is 2-6 h;
thirdly, preheating: filling the mixed powder obtained in the step two into a graphite mold, compacting, then moving the mold into a heating furnace, raising the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 550-650 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain a preheated preform; heating the aluminum ingot weighed in the step one to 50-400 ℃ above the melting point under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal; because the melting temperature is higher, the liquidity of the hydraulic aluminum is better, the wettability of the hydraulic aluminum with the hollow glass beads and the silicon carbide nanowires or whiskers is also improved, and the preparation of the composite material at the later stage is facilitated;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: placing the preheated preform obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preform in a mold, and applying pressure to infiltrate the molten aluminum metal into the gap of the preform by the press machine; cooling at the speed of 15-45 ℃/min after infiltration, and demoulding after cooling to obtain the cast ingot.
The embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the embodiment, the hollow glass beads are used as the holes of the porous material, the hollow glass beads are close to a regular sphere, the purity is high, impurities are few, and the defects of complete hole walls are few, so that the prepared porous composite material has high porosity, and meanwhile, the problem of difficulty in preparation caused by the thin wall of the hollow glass beads is solved by controlling the pressure by using a pressure infiltration technology, and the light porous composite material with high porosity is prepared.
2. According to the embodiment, the nano silicon carbide and the hollow glass beads are mixed, the silicon carbide reinforcement can be uniformly covered on the surfaces of the glass beads, the silicon carbide reinforcement and the hollow glass beads form mechanical combination, when the silicon carbide is stressed, the silicon carbide firstly bears load, the strength of the silicon carbide is far higher than that of the hollow glass beads, the bearing capacity of the hollow glass beads is obviously improved, the damage quantity of the hollow glass beads in the preparation process can be reduced, the composite material has high porosity, and meanwhile, the nano silicon carbide covered on the surfaces of glass positions in the composite material can be borneMore pressure is applied, so that the damage of the hollow glass beads is delayed, and the strength and the energy absorption capacity of the composite material are improved. Meanwhile, the density of the composite material cannot be obviously changed by adding a small amount of nano silicon carbide, so that the specific energy absorption capacity of the composite material is obviously improved. The peak stress can reach up to 128.5MPa, and the energy absorption capacity is 59.0MJ/m 3 The specific energy absorption was 44.0J/g.
3. The embodiment provides a low-cost method for preparing the porous aluminum-based composite material, which has the advantages of simple process method, easiness in operation, capability of being used for preparing large-size materials, excellent performance of the composite material and easiness in realization of industrialization and application.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: step one, the average length of the silicon carbide nanowire is 5-20 mu m, and the average diameter of the silicon carbide nanowire is 20-50 nm; the average length of the silicon carbide whisker is 5-10 mu m, and the average diameter is 50-100 nm.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the average particle size of the hollow glass beads and the average particle size of the aluminum metal powder are 20-80 microns, and the wall thickness-to-radius ratio of the hollow glass beads is 0.043-0.064.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: and step one, the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of the same material.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: step one, the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy is one or a combination of more of Al-Si alloy, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Zn-Cu alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Be alloy, Al-Li alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 0.5-25%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Mg in the Al-Mg alloy is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Mg alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Be in the Al-Be alloy is 0.5-20%; the mass fraction of Li in the Al-Li alloy is 0.5-35%; the mass fraction of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy Si is 0.5-25%, the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and the drying temperature in the second step is 70-120 ℃, and the drying time is 12-36 h.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: and step three, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, argon or helium.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: and the pressure of the protective gas in the third step is 0.1 MPa-10 MPa.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: and step three, the heat preservation time is 2-8 h.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: and step four, the pressure applied by the press is 5MPa to 25 MPa. The micron gap of the hollow glass microsphere can be fully infiltrated by controlling the pressure, and meanwhile, the hollow structure of the hollow glass microsphere is not damaged.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
example 1:
the preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing materials
Weighing 60% of hollow glass beads, 1% of silicon carbide reinforcement, 2% of aluminum metal powder and 37% of aluminum ingot according to volume fraction;
the silicon carbide reinforcement is a silicon carbide nanowire;
the average length of the silicon carbide reinforcement body is 10 mu m, and the average diameter is 30 nm;
the average particle size of the hollow glass beads is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder;
the average particle size of the hollow glass beads and the average particle size of the aluminum metal powder are 40 micrometers, and the wall thickness-to-radius ratio of the hollow glass beads is 0.064;
the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of the same material; the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of pure aluminum;
secondly, mixing the materials
Mixing the silicon carbide reinforcement weighed in the step one with the hollow glass beads in a solution, performing magnetic stirring to obtain composite powder, drying the composite powder, and mixing the dried composite powder with aluminum metal powder to obtain mixed powder;
the solution is water, the stirring speed is 250rpm during magnetic stirring, and the stirring time is 6 hours;
the ratio of the volume of the solution to the total mass of the silicon carbide reinforcement and the hollow glass beads is 100 ml: 10g of a mixture;
the drying temperature is 80 ℃, and the drying time is 15 h;
thirdly, preheating: filling the mixed powder obtained in the step two into a graphite mold, compacting, then moving the mold into a heating furnace, raising the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 600 ℃, and preserving the temperature to obtain a preheated preform; heating the aluminum ingot weighed in the step one to 800 ℃ under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal;
the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, and the pressure is 0.1 MPa;
the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: placing the preheated preform obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preform in a mold, and applying pressure to infiltrate the molten aluminum metal into the gap of the preform by the press machine; cooling at the speed of 25 ℃/min after infiltration, and demolding after cooling to obtain an ingot, namely the completion;
the pressure applied by the press was 10 MPa.
Comparative example 1: this comparative example differs from example 1 in that: step one, 63% of hollow glass beads and 37% of aluminum ingot are weighed according to volume fraction, other process parameters are the same as those in example 1, and the glass bead/Al composite material is obtained in a comparative example.
Fig. 1 is a structural photograph of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material obtained in example 1, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the hollow glass beads are uniformly distributed in the matrix, and most of the hollow glass beads are kept intact without being broken.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing quasi-static compressive properties of porous aluminum matrix composites; in the figure, a curve a is the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material obtained in example 1, and b is a glass bead/Al composite material;
the density of the porous aluminum-based composite material prepared in example 1 is detected to be 1.34g/m 3 The peak stress is 127.6MPa, and the energy absorption capacity is 59.0MJ/m 3 The specific energy absorption is 44.0J/g, and compared with the comparative example 1, the energy absorption capacity of the example 1 is improved by 47.7 percent.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing materials
Weighing 60% of hollow glass beads, 0.5% of silicon carbide reinforcement, 5% of aluminum metal powder and 34.5% of aluminum ingot according to volume fraction;
the silicon carbide reinforcement is a silicon carbide nanowire;
the average length of the silicon carbide reinforcement body is 20 mu m, and the average diameter is 30 nm;
the average particle size of the hollow glass beads is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder;
the average particle size of the hollow glass beads and the average particle size of the aluminum metal powder are 40 micrometers, and the wall thickness-to-radius ratio of the hollow glass beads is 0.064;
the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of the same material; the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of pure aluminum;
secondly, mixing the materials
Mixing the silicon carbide reinforcement with the hollow glass beads, carrying out low-speed ball milling to obtain composite powder, drying the composite powder, and mixing the dried composite powder with aluminum metal powder to obtain mixed powder;
the low-speed ball milling process comprises the following steps: the ball material ratio is 10:1, the rotating speed is 100rpm, and the time is 2 h;
the drying temperature is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 24 hours;
thirdly, preheating: filling the mixed powder obtained in the step two into a graphite mold, compacting, then moving the mold into a heating furnace, heating the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 620 ℃, and preserving the temperature to obtain a preheated preform; heating the aluminum ingot weighed in the step one to 780 ℃ under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal;
the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, and the pressure is 1 MPa;
the heat preservation time is 6 hours;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: placing the preheated preform obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preform in a mold, and applying pressure to infiltrate the molten aluminum metal into the gap of the preform by the press machine; cooling at the speed of 20 ℃/min after infiltration, and demolding after cooling to obtain an ingot, namely the completion;
the pressure applied by the press was 15 MPa.
The density of the porous aluminum-based composite material prepared in the example 2 is detected to be 1.58g/m 3 The peak stress is 128.5MPa, and the energy absorption capacity is 60.7MJ/m 3 The specific energy absorption was 38.4J/g.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing materials
Weighing 65% of hollow glass beads, 1% of silicon carbide reinforcement, 1% of aluminum metal powder and 33% of aluminum ingot according to volume fraction;
the silicon carbide reinforcement is silicon carbide whisker;
the average length of the silicon carbide reinforcement body is 15 mu m, and the average diameter is 60 nm;
the average particle size of the hollow glass beads is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder;
the average particle size of the hollow glass beads and the average particle size of the aluminum metal powder are 40 micrometers, and the wall thickness-to-radius ratio of the hollow glass beads is 0.064;
the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of the same material; the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of pure aluminum;
secondly, mixing the materials
Mixing the silicon carbide reinforcement with the hollow glass beads, carrying out low-speed ball milling to obtain composite powder, drying the composite powder, and mixing the dried composite powder with aluminum metal powder to obtain mixed powder;
the low-speed ball milling process comprises the following steps: the ball-material ratio is 5:1, the rotating speed is 200rpm, and the time is 2 h;
the drying temperature is 120 ℃, and the drying time is 12 hours;
thirdly, preheating: filling the mixed powder obtained in the step two into a graphite mold, compacting, then moving the mold into a heating furnace, heating the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 640 ℃, and preserving the temperature to obtain a preheated preform; heating the aluminum ingot weighed in the step one to 900 ℃ under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal;
the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, and the pressure is 5 MPa;
the heat preservation time is 8 hours;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: placing the preheated preform obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preform in a mold, and applying pressure to infiltrate the molten aluminum metal into the gap of the preform by the press machine; cooling at the speed of 20 ℃/min after infiltration, and demolding after cooling to obtain an ingot, namely the completion;
the pressure applied by the press is 5 MPa.
The density of the porous aluminum-based composite material prepared in example 3 is detected to be 1.24g/m 3 The peak stress is 30.6MPa, and the energy absorption capacity is 14.5MJ/m 3 The specific energy absorption was 11.7J/g.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum matrix composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing materials
Weighing 20-65% of hollow glass beads, 0.5-2% of silicon carbide reinforcement, 0.5-48% of aluminum metal powder and 30-49% of aluminum ingot according to volume fraction;
the silicon carbide reinforcement is a silicon carbide nanowire or a silicon carbide whisker;
the average particle size of the hollow glass beads is the same as that of the aluminum metal powder;
step one, the average length of the silicon carbide nanowire is 5-20 mu m, and the average diameter of the silicon carbide nanowire is 20-50 nm; the average length of the silicon carbide whisker is 5-10 mu m, and the average diameter is 50-100 nm;
step one, the average particle size of the hollow glass beads and the average particle size of the aluminum metal powder are 20-80 microns, and the ratio of the wall thickness to the radius of the hollow glass beads is 0.043-0.064;
secondly, mixing the materials
Mixing the silicon carbide reinforcement weighed in the step one with hollow glass beads in a solution and carrying out magnetic stirring, or mixing the silicon carbide reinforcement with the hollow glass beads and carrying out low-speed ball milling to obtain composite powder, then drying the composite powder, and mixing the dried composite powder with aluminum metal powder to obtain mixed powder;
the solution is alcohol or water, the stirring speed is 250 rmp-500 rpm during magnetic stirring, and the stirring time is 6-24 h;
the ratio of the volume of the solution to the total mass of the silicon carbide reinforcement and the hollow glass beads is 100 mL: (1-10) g;
the low-speed ball milling process comprises the following steps: the ball material ratio is 5-10: 1, the rotating speed is 100-200 rpm, and the time is 2-6 h;
thirdly, preheating: filling the mixed powder obtained in the step two into a graphite mold, compacting, then moving the mold into a heating furnace, raising the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 550-650 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain a preheated preform; heating the aluminum ingot weighed in the step one to 50-400 ℃ above the melting point under a protective atmosphere to obtain molten aluminum metal;
fourthly, liquid aluminum infiltration: placing the preheated preform obtained in the third step on the table top of a press machine, pouring the molten aluminum metal obtained in the third step onto the preform in a mold, and applying pressure to infiltrate the molten aluminum metal into the gap of the preform by the press machine; and cooling at the speed of 15-45 ℃/min after infiltration, and demolding after cooling to obtain the ingot.
2. The preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step one, the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of the same material.
3. The preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: step one, the aluminum metal powder and the aluminum ingot are made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy is one or a combination of more of Al-Si alloy, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Zn-Cu alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Be alloy, Al-Li alloy and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 0.5-25%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy is 0.5% -53%; the mass fraction of Mg in the Al-Mg alloy is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Cu alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Si in the Al-Si-Mg alloy is 0.5-25%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Cu in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Zn in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is 0.5-55%, the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%, and the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%; the mass fraction of Be in the Al-Be alloy is 0.5-20%; the mass fraction of Li in the Al-Li alloy is 0.5-35%; the mass fraction of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy Si is 0.5-25%, the mass fraction of Cu is 0.5-53%, and the mass fraction of Mg is 0.5-38%.
4. The preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the drying temperature in the second step is 70-120 ℃, and the drying time is 12-36 h.
5. The preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step three, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, argon or helium.
6. The preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and thirdly, the pressure of the protective atmosphere is 0.1-10 MPa.
7. The preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step three, the heat preservation time is 2-8 h.
8. The preparation method of the nano silicon carbide and hollow glass bead mixed reinforced porous aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and fourthly, applying pressure of 5-25 MPa by using a press machine.
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| US9314996B1 (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2016-04-19 | Carol Ann Wedding | Metal foam containing hollow shells and methods of preparation |
| CN104498759A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-04-08 | 同济大学 | Preparation method of hybrid hollow sphere metal-matrix lightweight composite material |
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