CN110479959B - Method for preparing magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting - Google Patents
Method for preparing magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN110479959B CN110479959B CN201910850142.XA CN201910850142A CN110479959B CN 110479959 B CN110479959 B CN 110479959B CN 201910850142 A CN201910850142 A CN 201910850142A CN 110479959 B CN110479959 B CN 110479959B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A method for preparing magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting belongs to the manufacturing technology of metal-based composite material; the magnesium-based composite material prepared by lost foam casting is obtained by pre-dispersing the mixture in the magnesium alloy scraps through high-entropy alloy particles, mixing the pre-dispersed mixture and a magnesium alloy ingot, smelting, rotationally stirring, rotationally blowing and mechanically vibrating in the vertical direction to prepare a melt and casting the lost foam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a preparation technology of a metal matrix composite, and mainly relates to a method for preparing a magnesium matrix composite by lost foam casting.
Background
Magnesium alloy is the structural material with the lowest density in production and application, has the advantages of high specific strength, good damping and shock absorbing performance, good castability, recyclability and the like, and is increasingly widely applied to the fields of automobiles, electronic products, aerospace and the like. However, the magnesium alloy has low room temperature strength and plasticity, and the application of the magnesium alloy is limited to a great extent. The particle reinforced phase added in the magnesium alloy, such as ceramic particle SiC, has higher melting point and hardness, can improve the wear resistance and hardness of the magnesium alloy, and is widely applied at present. However, ceramic particles are brittle and have poor interface bonding with the magnesium matrix, and the selection of metal particles such as high-entropy alloy particles can improve the wettability of the particles and the matrix, and the interface bonding of the metal particles and the matrix is better than that of the ceramic particles due to the natural compatibility between the metal and the metal. Therefore, the prepared high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite material can improve the performance of the magnesium alloy and improve the application range and the application potential of the magnesium alloy. The lost foam casting technology is a pollution-free, low-cost and environment-friendly precise metal casting technology, the casting design is flexible and various, the drawing is not required to be considered, and the lost foam casting technology is suitable for producing and molding aluminum and magnesium alloy parts with complex shapes. Compared with the processes such as extrusion casting and the like, the lost foam casting has the advantages of low investment, low cost, simple process and the like. However, the lost foam casting is easy to generate casting defects such as slag inclusion, air holes, cold shut and the like in the pouring process, and the product quality is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and researches a method for preparing a magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting in combination with the actual need of preparing the magnesium-based composite material, so as to achieve the purposes of greatly improving the compressive strength and Vickers hardness of the magnesium-based composite material and reducing the friction coefficient.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the method for preparing the magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a pre-dispersed mixture of high-entropy alloy particles in magnesium alloy scraps: placing high-entropy alloy particles with a weight ratio of 1: 1-2 and magnesium alloy scraps with a size of 0.1-2 mm in a beaker of an electromagnetic stirrer, electromagnetically stirring for 1-5h at a rotating speed of 50-500r/min under a normal temperature condition, and drying for 1-5h at a temperature of 50-150 ℃ to prepare a pre-dispersed mixture;
② melt preparation: dividing the pre-dispersion mixture prepared in the step I into two parts according to the weight ratio of 50%, wherein 50% of the pre-dispersion mixture and a magnesium alloy ingot are placed into a resistance furnace together, smelting is carried out at the furnace temperature of 680-750 ℃ under the protection of protective gas, after the magnesium alloy ingot is molten and the pre-dispersion mixture enters the magnesium alloy melt, the remaining 50% of the pre-dispersion mixture is added into the magnesium alloy melt in a mode of adding and stirring in a peripheral rotation mode, the adding speed of the pre-dispersion mixture is 1-40 g/min, the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt is 600-720 ℃ during stirring, the stirring speed is 500rpm, and the stirring time is 5-30 min; after the adding operation is finished, synchronously carrying out rotary blowing and mechanical vibration treatment on the magnesium alloy melt, wherein the flow rate of rotary blowing gas is 10-300ml/min, the vibration frequency is 50Hz, the mechanical vibration direction is the vertical direction, after the vibration time is 5-30min, the rotary blowing is stopped, and then the vertical vibration is continued for 10-600S, so that high-entropy alloy particles and the magnesium alloy melt are obtained;
and thirdly, lost foam casting: coating a 0.8-1.2mm thick non-ferrous metal coating on the outer surface of a casting model prepared by a foam material, drying the casting model at 50-100 ℃ for 5-10h, putting the casting model into a sand box, filling sand for molding, vibrating and compacting, stopping vibration, covering a layer of plastic film on the top of the sand box, mounting a sprue cup on the plastic film, vacuumizing the sand box, controlling the vacuum degree to be 0.03-0.10MPa, starting vibration, controlling the vibration direction to be the vertical direction and the vibration frequency to be 50Hz, pouring the high-entropy alloy particles and the magnesium alloy melt in the step II into an evaporative pattern casting sand box under the protection of protective gas, pouring the temperature to be 600-740 ℃, controlling the vibration time to be 20-120S, and solidifying the high-entropy alloy particles and the magnesium alloy melt to obtain the evaporative pattern casting magnesium-based composite material.
The invention has the advantages that:
in the preparation process, magnesium alloy scraps and high-entropy alloy particles are subjected to electromagnetic stirring pre-dispersion, and then are added into a metal melt in two parts, so that the dispersion of the particles in a matrix is facilitated.
The invention belongs to a liquid method for preparing composite materials, and the interface bonding between particles and matrix alloy is better.
According to the invention, the high-entropy alloy particles with a certain particle size are added, so that the crystal grains can be obviously refined, and the hardness and the strength are improved.
The invention adds the dispersion into the metal melt in two parts, and reduces the time for adding particles by rotary stirring.
The invention is beneficial to floating and discharging slag inclusion and gas through rotary blowing and mechanical vibration, achieves the aims of removing gas and slag, eliminating cold shut defects, is beneficial to melt purification and plays a refining role.
The invention carries out mechanical vibration while carrying out rotary blowing treatment, and continues mechanical vibration after the rotary blowing is finished, thereby avoiding the problem of high content of air holes caused by long-time stirring and rotary blowing ventilation.
The invention adopts the lost foam casting method, has high casting precision and flexible and diverse casting design, and meets the requirement of industrialized mass production.
The invention adopts the lost foam casting method under the vibration condition, and the vibration can crush the long and big dendritic crystals in the solidification process, so as to refine the grains, make the structure uniform and reduce the residual stress of the casting.
The invention adopts the vibration direction as the vertical direction, and the vertical vibration can achieve the effect of obviously improving the performance.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. A method for preparing magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a pre-dispersed mixture of high-entropy alloy particles in magnesium alloy scraps: placing high-entropy alloy particles with a weight ratio of 1: 1-2 and magnesium alloy scraps with a size of 0.1-2 mm in a beaker of an electromagnetic stirrer, electromagnetically stirring for 1-5h at a rotating speed of 50-500r/min under a normal temperature condition, and drying for 1-5h at a temperature of 50-150 ℃ to prepare a pre-dispersed mixture;
② melt preparation: dividing the pre-dispersion mixture prepared in the step I into two parts according to the weight ratio of 50%, wherein 50% of the pre-dispersion mixture and a magnesium alloy ingot are placed into a resistance furnace together, smelting is carried out at the furnace temperature of 680-750 ℃ under the protection of protective gas, after the magnesium alloy ingot is molten and the pre-dispersion mixture enters the magnesium alloy melt, the remaining 50% of the pre-dispersion mixture is added into the magnesium alloy melt in a rotary stirring mode while adding, the adding speed of the pre-dispersion mixture is 1-40 g/min, the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt is 600-720 ℃ during stirring, the stirring speed is 500rpm, and the stirring time is 5-30 min; after the adding operation is finished, synchronously carrying out rotary blowing and mechanical vibration treatment on the magnesium alloy melt, wherein the flow rate of rotary blowing gas is 10-300ml/min, the vibration frequency is 50Hz, the mechanical vibration direction is the vertical direction, after the vibration time is 5-30min, the rotary blowing is stopped, and then the vertical vibration is continued for 10-600S, so that high-entropy alloy particles and the magnesium alloy melt are obtained;
and thirdly, lost foam casting: coating a 0.8-1.2mm thick non-ferrous metal coating on the outer surface of a casting model prepared by a foam material, drying the casting model at 50-100 ℃ for 5-10h, putting the casting model into a sand box, filling sand for molding, vibrating and compacting, stopping vibration, covering a layer of plastic film on the top of the sand box, mounting a sprue cup on the plastic film, vacuumizing the sand box, controlling the vacuum degree to be 0.03-0.10MPa, starting vibration, controlling the vibration direction to be the vertical direction and the vibration frequency to be 50Hz, pouring the high-entropy alloy particles and the magnesium alloy melt in the step II into an evaporative pattern casting sand box under the protection of protective gas, pouring the temperature to be 600-740 ℃, controlling the vibration time to be 20-120S, and solidifying the high-entropy alloy particles and the magnesium alloy melt to obtain the evaporative pattern casting magnesium-based composite material.
The protective gas is one or two mixed gases of sulfur hexafluoride, carbon dioxide and inert gas, preferably the mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide according to the volume ratio of 1: 20 or 1: 100.
The rotary blowing gas is one or two mixed gases of inert gases.
The high-entropy alloy particles are one of CoCrFeNi series, AlCoCrFeNi series, AlCoCrCuFeNi series and AlCoCuFeNi series.
The magnesium alloy ingot is one of Mg-Al series, Mg-Zn series, Mg-Mn series or Mg-Li series.
The magnesium-based composite material obtained by the preparation method has the advantages of improved Vickers hardness and compressive strength, reduced friction coefficient (see the following table), and remarkable and outstanding technical effect.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a pre-dispersed mixture of high-entropy alloy particles in magnesium alloy scraps: placing high-entropy alloy particles with a weight ratio of 1: 1-2 and magnesium alloy scraps with a size of 0.1-2 mm in a beaker of an electromagnetic stirrer, electromagnetically stirring for 1-5h at a rotating speed of 50-500r/min under a normal temperature condition, and drying for 1-5h at a temperature of 50-150 ℃ to prepare a pre-dispersed mixture;
② melt preparation: dividing the pre-dispersion mixture prepared in the step I into two parts according to the weight ratio of 50%, wherein 50% of the pre-dispersion mixture and a magnesium alloy ingot are placed into a resistance furnace together, smelting is carried out at the furnace temperature of 680-750 ℃ under the protection of protective gas, after the magnesium alloy ingot is molten and the pre-dispersion mixture enters the magnesium alloy melt, the remaining 50% of the pre-dispersion mixture is added into the magnesium alloy melt in a rotary stirring mode while adding, the adding speed of the pre-dispersion mixture is 1-40 g/min, the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt is 600-720 ℃ during stirring, the stirring speed is 500rpm, and the stirring time is 5-30 min; after the adding operation is finished, synchronously carrying out rotary blowing and mechanical vibration treatment on the magnesium alloy melt, wherein the flow rate of rotary blowing gas is 10-300ml/min, the vibration frequency is 50Hz, the mechanical vibration direction is the vertical direction, after the vibration time is 5-30min, the rotary blowing is stopped, and then the vertical vibration is continued for 10-600S, so that high-entropy alloy particles and the magnesium alloy melt are obtained;
and thirdly, lost foam casting: coating a 0.8-1.2mm thick non-ferrous metal coating on the outer surface of a casting model prepared by a foam material, drying the casting model at 50-100 ℃ for 5-10h, putting the casting model into a sand box, filling sand for molding, vibrating and compacting, stopping vibration, covering a layer of plastic film on the top of the sand box, mounting a sprue cup on the plastic film, vacuumizing the sand box, controlling the vacuum degree to be 0.03-0.10MPa, starting vibration, controlling the vibration direction to be the vertical direction and the vibration frequency to be 50Hz, pouring the high-entropy alloy particles and the magnesium alloy melt in the step II into an evaporative pattern casting sand box under the protection of protective gas, pouring the temperature to be 600-740 ℃, controlling the vibration time to be 20-120S, and solidifying the high-entropy alloy particles and the magnesium alloy melt to obtain the evaporative pattern casting magnesium-based composite material.
2. The method for preparing the magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the protective gas is one or two mixed gases of sulfur hexafluoride, carbon dioxide and inert gas.
3. The method for preparing the magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rotary blowing gas is one or two mixed gases of inert gases.
4. The method for preparing the magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-entropy alloy particles are one of CoCrFeNi series, AlCoCrFeNi series, AlCoCrCuFeNi series and AlCoCuFeNi series.
5. The method for preparing the magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the magnesium alloy ingot is one of Mg-Al series, Mg-Zn series, Mg-Mn series or Mg-Li series.
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| CN111804886B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2021-06-18 | 哈尔滨吉星机械工程有限公司 | Preparation method of magnesium-based composite material applied to automobile differential support |
| CN111719074A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-09-29 | 哈尔滨吉星机械工程有限公司 | Preparation method for high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite lost foam casting |
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