CN114951231A - Continuous fly ash harmless treatment method and system - Google Patents
Continuous fly ash harmless treatment method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114951231A CN114951231A CN202210915583.5A CN202210915583A CN114951231A CN 114951231 A CN114951231 A CN 114951231A CN 202210915583 A CN202210915583 A CN 202210915583A CN 114951231 A CN114951231 A CN 114951231A
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 275
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000185 dioxinlike effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/38—Stirring or kneading
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous fly ash harmless treatment method and system. The method comprises introducing inert gas into the fly ash detoxification device, heating the reaction chamber to decompose dioxin in the fly ash by heating; the flue gas after reaction is sent into a heavy metal collecting device, heavy metals are collected through cooling water, and the flue gas after heavy metal collection returns to a fly ash detoxification device; and metering and feeding the fly ash subjected to dioxin removal to a continuous fly ash stabilizing device through a fly ash metering and feeding device, stirring and mixing the fly ash with a stabilizing agent in the continuous fly ash stabilizing device by adopting a shaft type stirring device in the continuous fly ash stabilizing device, and driving a harmless product subjected to mixing reaction to run to an outlet and discharge under the pushing action of the shaft type stirring device. The method can continuously remove the dioxin in the fly ash and stabilize the heavy metal, and has the advantages of low equipment investment, energy consumption saving, low operation cost, continuous and stable operation, simple and reliable operation, manpower saving, no flushing wastewater generation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of incineration fly ash treatment, in particular to a continuous fly ash harmless treatment method and system.
Background
The incineration treatment of the garbage becomes the mainstream treatment technology of the household garbage and is widely applied in China. But the garbage incineration process inevitably produces secondary pollution, especially dioxin and heavy metal substances which have great harm to the environment. At present, the waste incineration process mainly adopts activated carbon to adsorb dioxin and heavy metals, and more than 90% of dioxin and heavy metal substances generated by the waste incineration after treatment are transferred to incineration fly ash, so the treatment of the incineration fly ash is very important.
At present, the fly ash dioxin treatment technology can really realize the application of methods such as a high-temperature melting technology, a low-temperature heat treatment and an alkaline chemical decomposition method, but the methods are not applied in a large scale. The high-temperature melting technology can thoroughly decompose dioxin in the fly ash and has a good effect on solidification of heavy metals, but the technology needs to heat the fly ash to more than 1400 ℃, the system energy consumption is huge, smoke generated after treatment contains various pollutants, a complex smoke treatment process needs to be arranged, the equipment investment and the operation investment are huge, and common enterprises cannot bear the technology. The alkaline chemical decomposition method is mainly applied to harmless treatment of soil, has high dioxin removal rate, is relatively complex, and is not applied to the fly ash treatment industry at present. The low-temperature heat treatment method has ideal treatment effect on the dioxin in the incineration fly ash, the equipment investment is low, the process system is simple to operate, the dioxin in the fly ash treated by the method is mainly continuous batch type at present, the continuous operation cannot be realized, equipment needs to be continuously restarted, the manual intervention degree is high, and the construction requirement of an automatic factory is not favorable.
The heavy metal treatment process in fly ash, the conventional stabilization process that adopts cement as the stabilization substrate, matches with chelating agent and cement and mixes, its core treatment equipment mixing stirrer generally adopts the discontinuous operation mode, and the fly ash can only be treated in batches, therefore must set up bigger fly ash storage bin in this process anterior segment, in order to meet the requirement of intermittent feeding.
In conclusion, the existing dioxin low-temperature heat treatment technology and the fly ash stabilization treatment technology both adopt an intermittent working mechanism, are not beneficial to the continuous operation of a factory and have higher requirements on the operation of personnel; the dioxin and the stable heavy metal cannot be effectively removed at the same time, wherein the low-temperature heat treatment only can decompose the dioxin, no treatment measure is provided for the heavy metal, the treated gas can be discharged after being purified by flue gas, a flue gas treatment system is required to be added, and meanwhile, the energy consumption of inert gas is high, so that the operation cost is increased; the fly ash stabilizing treatment technology can not continuously operate, a fly ash transfer bin needs to be additionally arranged at the front end of the system, so that the equipment investment is increased, and the process system is more complex.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, an object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method and a system for harmless treatment of fly ash in a continuous manner, which can continuously remove dioxins in fly ash and simultaneously realize stabilization treatment of heavy metals, and have the advantages of low equipment investment, energy consumption saving, low operation cost, continuous and stable operation, simple and reliable operation, manpower saving, no generation of washing wastewater, and the like. The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a continuous fly ash harmless treatment method, which comprises the following steps: introducing inert gas into the fly ash detoxification device, and heating the reaction chamber to decompose dioxin in the fly ash by heating; the flue gas after reaction is sent into a heavy metal collecting device, heavy metals are collected through cooling water, and the flue gas after heavy metal collection is returned to a fly ash detoxification device; and metering and feeding the fly ash subjected to dioxin removal to a continuous fly ash stabilizing device through a fly ash metering and feeding device, stirring and mixing the fly ash with a stabilizing agent in the continuous fly ash stabilizing device by adopting a shaft type stirring device in the continuous fly ash stabilizing device, and operating a harmless product after mixing reaction to an outlet under the pushing action of the shaft type stirring device and discharging the harmless product.
Optionally, the oxygen content in the reaction chamber is controlled to be less than or equal to 1% by introducing inert gas.
Optionally, the reaction temperature in the reaction chamber is brought to 250 ℃ to 450 ℃ by heating the reaction chamber.
Optionally, in the fly ash detoxification device, the reaction time is 0.5h to 3 h.
Alternatively, the decomposition rate of dioxin in the fly ash is 95% or more.
Optionally, the method further comprises: the fly ash in the fly ash storage bin is fed to a fly ash detoxification device in a sealing way.
Optionally, the method further comprises: preparing a stabilizing agent, and feeding the prepared stabilizing agent to a continuous fly ash stabilizing device after metering.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and (4) periodically discharging the heavy metal trapped in the heavy metal trapping device.
Optionally, in the heavy metal capturing device, the cooling water captures heavy metals in the flue gas in a downward spraying manner.
Optionally, the inert gas and the flue gas after heavy metal capture are sent into a fly ash detoxification device through a fan.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a continuous fly ash innocent treatment system comprising: the device comprises a fly ash detoxification device, a fly ash metering and feeding device, a continuous fly ash stabilizing device and a heavy metal collecting device connected with the fly ash detoxification device, which are sequentially arranged; wherein the fly ash detoxification device comprises: the device comprises a reaction chamber, a heating device for heating the reaction chamber and a gas supply device for supplying inert gas to the reaction chamber; the reaction chamber is provided with a fly ash inlet, a fly ash outlet, a gas output port and a gas input port, and the gas supply device is communicated with the reaction chamber through the gas input port; the fly ash metering and feeding device is arranged at a fly ash outlet and is used for metering and feeding detoxified fly ash to the continuous fly ash stabilizing device; the continuous fly ash stabilizing device is connected with a stabilizing agent supply device, and stabilizing treatment is carried out on the fly ash after detoxification treatment by a stabilizing agent supplied by the stabilizing agent supply device; wherein, a shaft type stirring device is arranged in the continuous fly ash stabilizing device and is used for mixing materials and pushing the materials to run; the heavy metal trapping device is provided with a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a cooling water inlet for introducing cooling water; the gas inlet is connected with a gas outlet of the fly ash detoxification device, and the gas outlet is connected with a gas inlet of the fly ash detoxification device.
Optionally, the method further comprises: the device comprises a fly ash storage bin and a sealed feeding device, wherein the sealed feeding device is arranged at a fly-back inlet and is positioned at an outlet of the fly ash storage bin and used for feeding fly ash discharged from the fly ash storage bin to a fly ash detoxification device in a sealed manner.
Optionally, in the fly ash detoxification device, a fly ash inlet and a gas outlet are located at one end of the reaction chamber, and a fly ash outlet and a gas inlet are located at the other end of the reaction chamber; the heating equipment adopts one or a combination of more of electric heating equipment, steam heating equipment and natural gas heating equipment.
Optionally, the cooling water inlet is located above the heavy metal capture device.
Optionally, the heavy metal trapping device further comprises a product outlet, wherein the product outlet is arranged below the heavy metal trapping device.
Optionally, the pipeline at the gas input port is further connected with a fan, and the fan is used for feeding inert gas and/or flue gas subjected to heavy metal capture into the fly ash detoxification device.
Optionally, the gas outlet is connected to a gas inlet of the fly ash detoxification device via a gas supply device, and the fan is connected to the pipe between the gas supply device and the gas inlet.
Optionally, the stabilizing agent supply device comprises an agent storage tank, a stabilizing agent preparation device, a conveying device and a metering device which are sequentially arranged, wherein the conveying device conveys the prepared stabilizing agent to the metering device for metering, and the metered stabilizing agent is fed to the continuous fly ash stabilizing device for stabilizing treatment.
Has the advantages that: according to the embodiment of the invention, dioxin substances in the fly ash can be effectively removed, meanwhile, heavy metals are stabilized, the system can continuously and stably operate, and the system has good matching performance for a garbage incineration power plant which continuously operates for a long time every year (such as continuous operation for 8000 h). Has the advantages of less equipment investment, energy consumption saving, low operation cost, continuous and stable operation, simple and reliable operation, labor saving, no flushing wastewater generation and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a continuous fly ash innocent treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a continuous fly ash innocent treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a continuous fly ash innocent treatment method according to the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1 fly ash storage bin, 2 ash discharge valves, 3 sealed feeding devices, 4 fly ash detoxification devices, 5 heating devices, 6 heavy metal capture devices, 7 gas supply devices, 8 centrifugal fans, 9 fly ash metering and feeding devices, 10 continuous fly ash stabilization devices, 11 packing machines, 12 stabilization agent storage tanks, 13 stabilization agent preparation devices, 14 agent conveying devices and 15 agent metering devices.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a continuous fly ash innocent treatment system according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a continuous fly ash harmless treatment system, comprising: a fly ash detoxification device 4, a fly ash metering and feeding device 9, a continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10 and a heavy metal collecting device 6 connected with the fly ash detoxification device 4 are sequentially arranged.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart showing a continuous fly ash harmless treatment method according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the continuous fly ash harmless treatment method provided by the present invention comprises: step S10, introducing inert gas into the fly ash detoxification device 4, heating the reaction chamber, and carrying out heating decomposition reaction on dioxin in the fly ash in the reaction chamber; step S20, part of volatile heavy metals carried in the reacted flue gas enter a heavy metal collecting device 6, the heavy metals are collected by introducing cooling water, and the flue gas after collecting the heavy metals returns to the fly ash detoxification device 4 for recycling; and step S30, metering and feeding the fly ash after dioxin removal to a continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10 through a fly ash metering and feeding device 9, stirring and mixing the fly ash with a stabilizing agent in the continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10 by adopting an inner shaft type stirring device of the continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10, and running harmless products after mixed reaction to an outlet under the pushing action of the shaft type stirring device and discharging the harmless products.
The invention effectively removes dioxin-like substances in the fly ash and simultaneously stabilizes heavy metals, and the system can continuously and stably run. The heavy metal collecting device 6 is arranged to separate volatile heavy metals in the gas discharged after the reaction, and then the gas after the reaction (i.e. the gas without the volatile heavy metals) can be sent to the fly ash detoxification device 4 by the fan for recycling, so that the consumption of inert gas can be reduced by more than 80%, and the operation cost is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the temperature of the recycled inert gas is high, the waste heat of the gas can be utilized, the heating power of the fly ash detoxification device is reduced, and the energy consumption is saved. The continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10 can continuously run for 24 hours, thereby avoiding the back washing of the continuous batch stirrer after each batch is finished, avoiding the generation of a large amount of harmful washing wastewater, saving subsequent wastewater treatment and recycling devices, having a simple and reliable system and saving manpower; and a transfer bin is not required to be arranged in front of the device, so that the equipment investment is saved.
FIG. 2 schematically shows the structure of the continuous fly ash innocent treatment system in one embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, the continuous fly ash harmless treatment system includes: the device comprises a fly ash storage bin 1, an ash discharge valve 2, a sealed feeding device 3, a fly ash detoxification device 4, a heating device 5, a heavy metal capture device 6, a gas supply device 7, a centrifugal fan 8, a fly ash metering and feeding device 9, a continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10, a packing machine 11, a stabilizing agent storage tank 12, a stabilizing agent preparation device 13, an agent conveying device 14 and an agent metering device 15. The bottom of the fly-back storage bin 1 is conical, the ash discharge valve 2 is arranged at the bottom outlet, the material is discharged to the sealed feeding device 3 through the ash discharge valve 2, the sealed feeding device 3 is connected with the fly ash inlet of the fly ash detoxification device 4, and the fly ash is conveyed into the fly ash detoxification device 4 in a sealed mode.
The fly ash detoxification device 4 decomposes and removes dioxin in fly ash under the atmosphere of heating and inert gas. As shown in fig. 2, the fly ash detoxification device 4 comprises a reaction chamber, a heating device 5 for heating the reaction chamber, and a gas supply device for supplying inert gas to the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is provided with a fly ash inlet, a fly ash outlet, a gas output port and a gas input port, and the gas supply device is communicated with the reaction chamber through the gas input port. Furthermore, the fly ash inlet is positioned on the end face of one end of the reaction chamber, the fly ash outlet is positioned at the bottom of the other end of the reaction chamber, the gas outlet is positioned at the top of one end of the fly ash inlet, and the gas inlet is positioned at the top of one end of the fly ash outlet. The heating device 5 heats the reaction chamber to provide reaction temperature for the reaction in the heating device 5, and the heating device 5 can adopt various heating modes such as electric heating, steam heating or natural gas heating, wherein the electric heating is stable and reliable; the steam heating can effectively utilize the heat energy of the residual steam generated by the waste incineration power plant, the energy utilization rate is high, and the operation cost is low; the natural gas heating efficiency is high, the natural gas heating device is suitable for regions with sufficient natural gas resources, and the operation cost is low. One or more heating modes can be flexibly applied according to actual conditions in the actual project execution process.
The heavy metal collecting device 6 is used for collecting the gas from the fly ash detoxification device 4, collecting the heavy metal in the gas through cooling water, and then returning the gas to the fly ash detoxification device 4 for recycling. As shown in fig. 2, the heavy metal trap device 6 has a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a cooling water inlet for introducing cooling water. The gas inlet is communicated with a gas outlet of the fly ash detoxification device 4 through a pipeline, and the gas outlet is communicated with the gas inlet through a pipeline. Further, gas inlet and gas outlet are located the both ends of heavy metal entrapment device 6 respectively, and the cooling water entry is located the top of gas inlet one end and adopts the mode of spraying downwards to cool down the entrapment with the heavy metal in the gas to just getting into to improve the entrapment efficiency. And a product outlet can be arranged at the bottom of one end of the gas outlet to discharge the trapped heavy metal. The collected gas enters the fly ash detoxification device through the gas outlet and the gas inlet for utilization, for example, the collected gas can be directly connected to the gas supply device 7, mixed with inert gas and sent into the fly ash detoxification device 4, and can be sent in through a fan; for example, a fan, preferably a centrifugal fan 8, may be installed on the pipe connecting the gas outlet with the gas inlet of the fly ash detoxification device 4; for another example, as shown in fig. 2, the end of the pipeline of the blower may be installed on the pipeline of the gas supply device 7 connected to the gas input port, and the mixed gas is fed through the blower, so as to realize the recycling of the trapped gas, thereby saving the gas supply of the gas supply device 7 and reducing the energy consumption of the inert gas. According to the invention, the dioxin in the fly ash is decomposed by adopting a low-temperature pyrolysis method, the decomposition efficiency of the dioxin can reach more than 95%, meanwhile, the inert gas after reaction can be recycled after the volatile heavy metal is separated by cooling water through the heavy metal trapping device 6, the consumption of the inert gas in the treatment process can be reduced by more than 80%, and the operation cost is reduced to a great extent.
The fly ash metering and feeding device 9 is used for metering and feeding the detoxified fly ash to the continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10. As shown in fig. 2, the fly ash metering and feeding device 9 is disposed below the fly ash outlet of the fly ash detoxification device 4, and the fly ash metering and feeding device 9 meters and feeds detoxified fly ash into the continuous fly ash stabilization device 10 located below the fly ash metering and feeding device.
The continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10 is used for receiving detoxified and metered fly ash and stabilizing heavy metals in the fly ash by adopting a stabilizing agent. The inlet of the continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10 is positioned at the top of one end, the outlet is positioned at the bottom of the other end, a stirring device is arranged in the continuous fly ash stabilizing device, and the fly ash and the stabilizing agent are stirred and mixed under the driving of a motor to be fully reacted and simultaneously pushed to the outlet. As shown in fig. 2, the continuous fly ash stabilizing device is used for stirring and simultaneously pushing the material to move to an outlet, a shaft type stirring device (arranged along the central shaft of the device) is arranged in the middle, the stirring device is operated while the raw material is added, on one hand, the stirring and mixing functions are realized, on the other hand, the material is pushed to move forwards, and the material is directly discharged after the stirring is completed, so that the continuous feeding and continuous discharging processing operation mode is realized, and in addition, the phenomenon of material hardening cannot occur due to the continuous operation. The shaft type stirring device is arranged, so that the problems of an intermittent fly ash stabilizing device are solved, for example, a mode that a stirrer is arranged in a hopper, materials are emptied after a stirring period is completed, then the materials in the device are cleaned and are put into a close state, and then the next period is carried out is adopted intermittently, continuous feeding and discharging cannot be realized, the inside of the device is easily hardened, and the treatment period is long. The baler 11 may be arranged at the outlet, the baler 11 being connectable to a harmless production pipe. The continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10 is connected with a stabilizing agent supply device for supplying stabilizing agent for the continuous fly ash stabilizing device; the stabilizing agent supply device comprises a stabilizing agent storage tank 12, a stabilizing agent preparation device 13, an agent conveying device 14 and an agent metering device 15 which are sequentially arranged, wherein the stabilizing agent storage tank 12 can be a liquid or solid agent, the liquid or solid agent is conveyed to the stabilizing agent preparation device 13 for preparation, for example, industrial water is added to adjust the concentration of the liquid or solid agent, the liquid or solid agent is stirred and mixed to obtain a prepared stabilizing agent, and then the prepared stabilizing agent is conveyed to the continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10 through the agent metering device 15 by the agent conveying device 14 for stabilizing. Wherein, can set up two or many parallelly connected pipelines among the medicament conveyor to still can guarantee the continuous steady operation of system when certain pipeline trouble, all can set up medicament metering device and delivery pump on the pipeline, the delivery pump both ends all set up the valve, and medicament metering device is in order to adjust the medicament flow. The stabilizing agent can be mixed, stirred and diluted by liquid or solid agent and process water, and the working mechanism is flexible. The fly ash stabilizing treatment adopts a continuous device, the device can continuously and stably operate for 24 hours, the continuous operation can realize full-automatic operation without excessive manual intervention, and simultaneously, the fly ash stabilizing treatment is matched with a front-end continuous process without arranging a fly ash transfer storage device; the sequencing batch type device can not continuously operate, a fly ash storage device is required to be arranged in front of the sequencing batch type device, the fly ash storage device is consistent with an operation mechanism of an incineration plant, the matching performance is good, and meanwhile, the continuous operation does not require frequent cleaning of a stirring device midway, so that the generation of waste water is avoided.
The method and principle of the present invention for harmless treatment of continuous fly ash will be described with reference to FIG. 2: the fly ash in the fly ash storage bin is sent into a fly ash detoxification device 4 through an ash discharge valve 2 and a sealed feeding device 3, reactants in a reaction chamber are heated to 250-450 ℃ in the fly ash detoxification device 4 through a heating device 5, meanwhile, inert gas is introduced through a gas supply device 7 to keep a certain inert reaction gas atmosphere in the reaction chamber, and dioxin in the fly ash is decomposed under the condition of medium and low temperature so as to be removed; meanwhile, partial volatile heavy metals are transferred into gas from the fly ash under the temperature condition, the reacted flue gas enters the heavy metal collecting device 6, the heavy metals are collected by introducing cooling water, and the gas after the volatile heavy metals in the flue gas are separated enters the fly ash detoxification device 4 through the centrifugal fan 8 for cyclic utilization. The detoxified fly ash is metered by a fly ash metering and feeding device 9 and then enters a continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10 to be continuously mixed, stirred and reacted with a stabilizing agent, so that the residual heavy metal substances in the fly ash are stably solidified, and the reacted materials enter a packaging machine for packaging. The fly ash detoxification device 4 needs to heat the fly ash to 250-450 ℃, so that heating equipment 5 is arranged, and particularly, the heating equipment 5 in various heating modes such as electric heating, steam heating or natural gas heating can be selected according to the conditions of project sites.
The principle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly controlling the reaction temperature to be 250-450 ℃ by adopting a heating device 5 in a fly ash detoxification device 4, introducing inert gas to maintain the oxygen content in a reaction chamber to be less than or equal to 1%, decomposing dioxin substances in the fly ash under the reaction condition, volatilizing part of volatile heavy metals such as Hg and the like into reaction gas, discharging the reacted gas to a heavy metal trapping device 6, trapping the volatile heavy metal substances in the heavy metal trapping device 6 by cooling water to remove and discharge, and re-introducing the rest of the reaction gas into the fly ash detoxification device 4 through a centrifugal fan 8 for recycling. The fly ash after reaction is metered by the fly ash metering and feeding device 9 and then directly enters the continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10, the fly ash and a stabilizing agent (which can be a liquid or solid agent) are mixed and stirred in a certain proportion in the continuous fly ash stabilizing device 10, and cement is added as a curing agent if necessary, so that the heavy metal in the fly ash is stabilized.
The system can effectively remove dioxin-like substances in the fly ash, meanwhile, heavy metals are stabilized, the system can be continuously and stably operated, the system has good matching performance for the waste incineration power plant continuously operating for 8000h every year, the system is low in energy consumption and good in stability compared with other similar processes, and the fly ash can be thoroughly treated in a harmless mode. The stabilized fly ash solidified body meets the following requirements: firstly, the water content is less than 30%; ② the content of dioxin is lower than 100 ngTEQ/kg; thirdly, the concentration of harmful components in the leachate prepared according to HJ/T300 'solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method acetic acid buffer solution method' is lower than the limit value specified in table 1 in 'pollution control Standard for domestic refuse landfill' GB16889, the stabilized fly ash mixture can be directly sent to a fly ash landfill area of the domestic refuse landfill for landfill by using a closed vehicle, and the mass concentration limit values of the leachate pollutants are specifically described in the following table 1:
the technical scheme and the treatment effect of the invention are further explained by combining the application examples and the comparative examples of the invention as follows:
comparative example 1
The fly ash I of a certain household garbage incineration plant is treated, and the parameters of the fly ash I when not treated are shown in the table 2:
TABLE 2 fly ash parameter of household garbage incineration plant
This comparative example uses a conventional stabilization process to treat fly ash. The method comprises the steps of preparing a chelating agent solution with the concentration of 5% by using a liquid chelating agent as a stabilizing agent, adding 10% of cement as a curing substrate to perform chelating and curing reaction by using a common mixing stirrer, processing one batch every 10min, and performing back flushing on the stirrer after each batch is finished to prevent a stabilizing product from being bonded in the stirrer, wherein the waste water generated by flushing contains harmful substances, so that the waste water needs to be further processed or recycled.
After the comparative example was stabilized, the cured stabilized product achieved the following criteria: firstly, the water content is less than 30%; ② the content of dioxin is lower than 3 mu gTEQ/kg; ③ the concentration of hazardous components in the leachate prepared according to HJ/T300 'solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method acetic acid buffer solution method' is lower than the limit value specified in table 1 in GB16889 'domestic refuse landfill pollution control Standard'.
Example 1
The fly ash treated in comparative example 1 was the same batch, and the specific fly ash parameters are shown in table 2: in this example, the continuous fly ash harmless treatment system of the present invention was used for the treatment. The fly ash in the fly ash storage bin enters a fly ash detoxification device through an ash discharge valve, the fly ash in the fly ash storage bin is heated to 350 ℃ by adopting electric heating, meanwhile, nitrogen is introduced to keep the oxygen content value in the device at about 0.5%, the reaction time is 1.5h, the treated fly ash is directly weighed by a fly ash metering and feeding device and then enters a continuous fly ash stabilization device, the treated fly ash is mixed and stirred with a prepared liquid chelating agent with the concentration of 4% for reaction, and the reacted fly ash enters a subsequent procedure after being packed by a packing machine and then packed. Compared with the sequential equipment which needs to be stopped, discharged and flushed every 10min, the whole system can continuously operate without frequent starting and stopping processes, and the stirring device does not need to be flushed frequently in the stabilization treatment process, so that no harmful wastewater is generated, and no additional measures are needed for wastewater treatment. After the continuous fly ash harmless treatment of the invention, the fly ash product reaches the following standard: firstly, the water content is less than 30%; ② the content of dioxin is lower than 100 ngTEQ/kg; ③ the concentration of harmful components in the leachate prepared according to HJ/T300 & lt acetic acid buffer solution method for leaching toxicity of solid wastes & lt/EN & gt, Standard for pollution control of landfill site for domestic waste & lt/EN & gt, GB16889 & lt/EN & gt, limit value specified in Table 1.
Example 2
The treated fly ash of a certain household garbage incineration plant is II, and the parameters of the fly ash when not treated are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 fly ash two parameters of a household garbage incineration plant
This example was conducted by using the continuous fly ash innocent treatment system of the present invention. The fly ash in the fly ash storage bin enters a fly ash detoxification device through an ash discharge valve, the fly ash is heated to 300 ℃ by adopting natural gas, meanwhile, nitrogen is introduced to keep the oxygen content value in the device at about 0.3%, the reaction time is 2 hours, the treated fly ash is directly weighed by a fly ash metering and feeding device and then enters a continuous fly ash stabilizing device, a stabilizing agent adopts a solid powder agent and is mixed with process water to prepare a liquid agent with about 8%, the liquid agent is mixed and stirred with the fly ash by the metering device and reacts with the fly ash, and the reacted fly ash enters a subsequent procedure after being packaged by a bagging machine. This embodiment entire system can continuous operation, need not frequently to open and stop the process, need not frequently wash agitating unit among the stabilization treatment process, consequently no harmful waste water produces, so need not increase extra measure and carry out waste water treatment. After the harmless treatment of the embodiment, the fly ash product meets the following standards: firstly, the water content is less than 30%; ② the content of dioxin is lower than 50 ngTEQ/kg; ③ the concentration of hazardous components in the leachate prepared according to HJ/T300 'solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method acetic acid buffer solution method' is lower than the limit value specified in table 1 in GB16889 'domestic refuse landfill pollution control Standard'.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (13)
1. A continuous fly ash harmless treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps: introducing inert gas into the fly ash detoxification device, and heating the reaction chamber to decompose dioxin in the fly ash by heating; the flue gas after reaction is sent into a heavy metal collecting device, heavy metals are collected through cooling water, and the flue gas after heavy metal collection is returned to a fly ash detoxification device; and metering and feeding the fly ash subjected to dioxin removal to a continuous fly ash stabilizing device through a fly ash metering and feeding device, stirring and mixing the fly ash with a stabilizing agent in the continuous fly ash stabilizing device by adopting a shaft type stirring device in the continuous fly ash stabilizing device, and operating a harmless product after mixing reaction to an outlet under the pushing action of the shaft type stirring device and discharging the harmless product.
2. The continuous fly ash innocent treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen content in the reaction chamber is controlled to be less than or equal to 1% by introducing inert gas.
3. The continuous fly ash harmless treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature in the reaction chamber is 250 to 450 ℃ by heating the reaction chamber.
4. The continuous fly ash innocent treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction time in the fly ash detoxification device is 0.5 h-3 h; the decomposition rate of dioxin in the fly ash is more than 95%.
5. The continuous fly ash harmless treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising: the fly ash in the fly ash storage bin is fed to a fly ash detoxification device in a sealing way.
6. The continuous fly ash harmless treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising: preparing a stabilizing agent, and feeding the prepared stabilizing agent to a continuous fly ash stabilizing device after metering.
7. The continuous fly ash innocent treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising: the heavy metal trapped in the heavy metal trapping device is discharged periodically; in the heavy metal catching device, cooling water is used for catching heavy metals in flue gas in a downward spraying mode.
8. The continuous fly ash innocent treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas and the flue gas after heavy metal capture are sent into a fly ash detoxification device through a fan.
9. A continuous fly ash innocent treatment system is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a fly ash detoxification device, a fly ash metering and feeding device, a continuous fly ash stabilizing device and a heavy metal capturing device connected with the fly ash detoxification device, which are sequentially arranged; wherein the fly ash detoxification device comprises: the device comprises a reaction chamber, a heating device for heating the reaction chamber and a gas supply device for supplying inert gas to the reaction chamber; the reaction chamber is provided with a fly ash inlet, a fly ash outlet, a gas output port and a gas input port, and the gas supply device is communicated with the reaction chamber through the gas input port; the fly ash metering and feeding device is arranged at a fly ash outlet and is used for metering and feeding detoxified fly ash to the continuous fly ash stabilizing device; the continuous fly ash stabilizing device is connected with a stabilizing agent supply device, and stabilizing treatment is carried out on the fly ash after detoxification treatment by a stabilizing agent supplied by the stabilizing agent supply device; wherein, a shaft type stirring device is arranged in the continuous fly ash stabilizing device and is used for mixing materials and pushing the materials to run; the heavy metal trapping device is provided with a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a cooling water inlet for introducing cooling water; the gas inlet is connected with a gas outlet of the fly ash detoxification device, and the gas outlet is connected with a gas inlet of the fly ash detoxification device.
10. The continuous fly ash innocent treatment system according to claim 9, further comprising: the fly ash recycling device comprises a fly ash storage bin and a sealed feeding device, wherein the sealed feeding device is arranged at a fly-back inlet and is positioned at an outlet of the fly ash storage bin and used for hermetically feeding fly ash discharged from the fly ash storage bin to a fly ash detoxification device; in the fly ash detoxification device, a fly ash inlet and a gas outlet are positioned at one end of a reaction chamber, and a fly ash outlet and a gas inlet are positioned at the other end of the reaction chamber; the heating equipment adopts one or a combination of more of electric heating equipment, steam heating equipment and natural gas heating equipment.
11. The continuous fly ash innocent treatment system according to claim 9, wherein the cooling water inlet is positioned above the heavy metal capture device; the heavy metal trapping device is also provided with a product outlet, wherein the product outlet is arranged below the heavy metal trapping device.
12. The continuous fly ash innocent treatment system of claim 9, wherein the gas input pipeline is further connected with a fan, and the fan is used for feeding inert gas and/or flue gas after heavy metal capture into a fly ash detoxification device.
13. The continuous fly ash innocent treatment system of claim 9, wherein the stabilizing agent supply device comprises an agent storage tank, a stabilizing agent preparation device, a conveying device and a metering device which are arranged in sequence, wherein the conveying device conveys the prepared stabilizing agent to the metering device for metering, and the metering device feeds the metered stabilizing agent to the continuous fly ash stabilizing device for stabilizing treatment.
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