CN114946578A - 一种山区苗木种植方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种山区苗木种植方法,属于人工种植技术领域;包括以下步骤:对种植区域进行整理,得到种植穴;将苗木的根用水浸泡,将保水剂与生根粉混合并加水搅拌后得到蘸根液,将用水浸泡后的苗木置于蘸根液中进行蘸根处理,然后将苗木植入所述种植穴中。本发明在对苗木进行种植前,首先对苗木进行水浸泡处理,使得苗木根系能够吸收较多的水分;同时在种植前,以保水剂和生根液配制的蘸根液对苗木进行蘸根处理,能够显著提高苗木的生根能力和根系保水效果,从而提高苗木抗旱能力,提高苗木成活率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于人工种植技术领域,具体涉及一种山区苗木种植方法。
背景技术
山区一般是指山地、丘陵分布地区,山区与平原相比,最大的区别就是地势不平,因此,山区通常不适合发展大规模机械化种植。在山区种植苗木可以为山区带来经济收益,并且也能起到保持水土、防风固沙、净化空气的作用,因此,目前很多山区都在大力推进山区造林。
山区造林面临的最大问题就是水资源的缺乏,由于山区一般交通不发达,因此,在人工造林时,一般也难以将水运往造林区域,因而,山区造林通常选择春季顶浆造林,即在春季土壤解冻返浆、含水率相对较高时进行苗木种植。但是,北方的雨季都在夏季,在春季造林后,将面临很长一段时间的干旱,而在人工造林后,尤其是在大面积进行人工造林后,一般难以对苗木按需进行浇水,所以导致苗木的成活率较低,因此,如何提高山区苗木种植的成活率,是山区造林过程中亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的上述问题,本发明提供了一种山区苗木种植方法,通过采用保水剂和生根粉对苗木进行蘸根处理,有效提高了苗木的抗旱能力,从而提高了山区苗木种植的成活率。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种山区苗木种植方法,包括以下步骤:对种植区域进行整理,得到种植穴;将苗木的根用水浸泡,将保水剂与生根粉混合并加水搅拌后得到蘸根液,将用水浸泡后的苗木置于所述蘸根液中进行蘸根处理,然后将苗木植入所述种植穴中。
进一步地,所述苗木选自针叶树和/或阔叶树;所述针叶树包括长白落叶松、樟子松或红松,所述阔叶树为杨树。
进一步地,所述苗木为针叶树时,种植穴的穴径为40±2cm,深度为30±2cm;所述苗木为阔叶树时,种植穴的穴径为50±2cm,深度为40±2cm。
进一步地,所述苗木的种植时间为3月15日~4月15日;所述浸泡时间为2~3h;所述蘸根时间为10~15min。
进一步地,所述保水剂的制备方法为:将丙烯酸单体加水稀释并中和,之后加入丙烯酰胺单体、交联剂及引发剂,聚合反应得到所述保水剂。
进一步地,所述丙烯酸单体加水稀释至浓度为40wt%,所述中和采用浓度为40wt%的NaOH溶液,丙烯酸单体的中和度为50~60%。
进一步地,所述交联剂为N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,所述引发剂为过硫酸铵;所述丙烯酸单体、丙烯酰胺单体、交联剂及引发剂的质量比为100∶(10~20)∶(0.1~0.2)∶(0.2~0.5)。
进一步地,所述聚合反应的温度为70~80℃,时间为4~6h。
进一步地,所述生根粉的原料按重量份计包括:EDTA二钠5~10份、甘露醇5~10份、萘乙酸15~20份、葡萄糖7~12份、吲哚乙酸5~8份及硫酸锌1~3份。
进一步地,所述蘸根液中,保水剂、生根粉与水的质量比为1∶(3~4)∶(100~200);每千克所述蘸根液蘸根处理400~600棵苗木。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明在对苗木进行种植前,首先对苗木进行水浸泡处理,使得苗木根系能够吸收较多的水分;同时在种植前,以保水剂和生根液配制的蘸根液对苗木进行蘸根处理,能够显著提高苗木的生根能力和根系保水效果,从而提高苗木抗旱能力,提高苗木成活率。
采用本发明的种植方法能够克服山区春季造林后因干旱造成的苗木成活率较低的问题,为山区造林提供了科学的技术指导。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。
另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
本发明中所述的“份”如无特别说明,均按重量份计。
实施例1
保水剂的制备,步骤如下:
将丙烯酸单体加水稀释至浓度为40wt%,之后加入浓度为40wt%的NaOH溶液对丙烯酸单体进行中和,使丙烯酸单体的中和度为55%;之后向丙烯酸溶液中加入丙烯酰胺单体、交联剂N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺及引发剂过硫酸铵,其中丙烯酸单体、丙烯酰胺单体、N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺及过硫酸铵的质量比为100∶15∶0.15∶0.35;将所得混合溶液置于氮气氛围中,在75℃下搅拌反应5h,将所得固体粉碎过60目筛,得到保水剂。
实施例2
生根粉的制备:将8份EDTA二钠、8份甘露醇、17份萘乙酸、8份葡萄糖、6.5份吲哚乙酸及2份硫酸锌混合,得到生根粉。
实施例3
生根粉的制备:将8份EDTA二钠、8份甘露醇、5份海带多酚、17份萘乙酸、8份葡萄糖、6.5份吲哚乙酸及2份硫酸锌混合,得到生根粉。
效果验证
1、室内种植模拟:
(1)取长势无显著差异的一级樟子松树苗和杨树苗各150棵,并将其根系均在水中浸泡2.5h,之后将樟子松苗和杨树苗都随机均分为5组,分别命名为A~E及a~e组;
(2)按照下述方法配制4组不同的蘸根液:
Ⅰ组:将实施例1制备的保水剂、实施例2制备的生根粉与水按照质量比为1∶3.5∶150混合并搅拌,得到蘸根液;
Ⅱ组:将实施例1制备的保水剂、实施例3制备的生根粉与水按照质量比为1∶3.5∶150混合并搅拌,得到蘸根液;
Ⅲ组:将实施例1制备的保水剂、实施例3制备的生根粉、碳酸丙烯酯与水按照质量比为1∶3.5∶5∶150混合并搅拌,得到蘸根液;
Ⅳ组:将实施例1制备的保水剂、实施例3制备的生根粉、碳酸丙烯酯、榕树气生根水提液与水按照质量比为1∶3.5∶5∶20∶150混合并搅拌,得到蘸根液;其中,榕树气生根水提液的制备方法为:取榕树气生根,洗净并晾干,之后将其粉碎,向所得粉末中加水,使得粉末与水的质量比为1∶60,加热至80℃,搅拌并保温2h,过滤,所得滤液即为榕树气生根水提液;
(3)将步骤(1)经水浸泡好的樟子松树苗和杨树苗分别在步骤(2)配制的蘸根液中进行蘸根处理,其中A、B、C、D组樟子松树苗的蘸根液分别为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组,按照每千克蘸根液中的树苗数量为500棵进行蘸根12min,E组樟子松作为空白对照组,在水中蘸根12min;a、b、c、d组杨树苗的蘸根液分别为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组,按照每千克蘸根液中的树苗数量为500棵进行蘸根12min,E组杨树苗作为空白对照组,在水中蘸根12min;
(4)在室内进行种植模拟,将步骤(3)蘸根完毕后的樟子松树苗和杨树苗植入室内土壤中,土壤含水率为10wt%,樟子松种植穴的深度为30±2cm,株行距为1×1.5m,杨树种植穴的深度为40±2cm,株行距为1×1.5m,植入后不浇水,室内给予光照,强度为5wlx,白天温度保持为25℃,夜间温度为18℃。30天后,统计各组成活率及平均生根数量,结果如表1所示:
表1
由表1可以看出,以蘸根液进行蘸根处理的樟子松和杨树苗的成活率较空白组均显著提高,且其生根数量也明显比空白组多,从表1中还可以看出,适量的海带多酚以及榕树气生根水提液能够进一步促进苗木生根,同时,在蘸根液中加入适量的碳酸丙烯酯,能够提高苗木成活率,这可能是由于碳酸丙烯酯的加入能够和保水剂一同发挥更好的保水作用,减少土壤水分的散失。
2、山区种植实验:种植时间为3月20日,土壤解冻深度达到45cm,为顶浆造林。
取长势无显著差异的一级樟子松树苗和杨树苗各500棵,并将其根系均在水中浸泡2.5h,之后将樟子松苗和杨树苗都随机均分为5组,分别命名为A~E及a~e组;蘸根液的配制及蘸根处理均同效果验证1中的步骤(2)~(3),在光照情况相同的同一片山区进行苗木种植,樟子松的种植穴的穴径为40±2cm,深度为30±2cm;杨树的种植穴的穴径为50±2cm,深度为40±2cm。樟子松的株行距为2*1.5m,杨树的株行距为3*2m,将樟子松苗和杨树苗植入后,不浇水,2个月后,统计各组树苗的成活率(2个月期间,不进行人工干预,2个月期间当地降水量较少,仅出现2次降水,降水量分别为5mm和10mm,白天最高温度平均为23℃),结果如表2所示:
表2
组别 | 成活率/% | 组别 | 成活率/% |
A | 64 | a | 67 |
B | 71 | b | 78 |
C | 80 | c | 85 |
D | 88 | d | 91 |
E | 46 | e | 43 |
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种山区苗木种植方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:对种植区域进行整理,得到种植穴;将苗木的根用水浸泡,将保水剂与生根粉混合并加水搅拌后得到蘸根液,将用水浸泡后的苗木置于所述蘸根液中进行蘸根处理,然后将苗木植入所述种植穴中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的山区苗木种植方法,其特征在于,所述苗木选自针叶树和/或阔叶树;所述针叶树包括长白落叶松、樟子松或红松,所述阔叶树为杨树。
3.根据权利要求2所述的山区苗木种植方法,其特征在于,所述苗木为针叶树时,种植穴的穴径为40±2cm,深度为30±2cm;所述苗木为阔叶树时,种植穴的穴径为50±2cm,深度为40±2cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的山区苗木种植方法,其特征在于,所述苗木的种植时间为3月15日~4月15日;所述浸泡时间为2~3h;所述蘸根时间为10~15min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的山区苗木种植方法,其特征在于,所述保水剂的制备方法为:将丙烯酸单体加水稀释并中和,之后加入丙烯酰胺单体、交联剂及引发剂,聚合反应得到所述保水剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的山区苗木种植方法,其特征在于,所述丙烯酸单体加水稀释至浓度为40wt%,所述中和采用浓度为40wt%的NaOH溶液,丙烯酸单体的中和度为50~60%。
7.根据权利要求5所述的山区苗木种植方法,其特征在于,所述交联剂为N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,所述引发剂为过硫酸铵;所述丙烯酸单体、丙烯酰胺单体、交联剂及引发剂的质量比为100∶(10~20)∶(0.1~0.2)∶(0.2~0.5)。
8.根据权利要求5所述的山区苗木种植方法,其特征在于,所述聚合反应的温度为70~80℃,时间为4~6h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的山区苗木种植方法,其特征在于,所述生根粉的原料按重量份计包括:EDTA二钠5~10份、甘露醇5~10份、萘乙酸15~20份、葡萄糖7~12份、吲哚乙酸5~8份及硫酸锌1~3份。
10.根据权利要求1所述的山区苗木种植方法,其特征在于,所述蘸根液中,保水剂、生根粉与水的质量比为1∶(3~4)∶(100~200);每千克所述蘸根液蘸根处理400~600棵苗木。
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