CN114946368A - Accurate fertigation system and method for greenhouse - Google Patents
Accurate fertigation system and method for greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946368A CN114946368A CN202210666182.0A CN202210666182A CN114946368A CN 114946368 A CN114946368 A CN 114946368A CN 202210666182 A CN202210666182 A CN 202210666182A CN 114946368 A CN114946368 A CN 114946368A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 248
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003434 inspiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033772 system development Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/001—Sludge spreaders, e.g. liquid manure spreaders
- A01C23/002—Sludge spreaders, e.g. liquid manure spreaders provided with auxiliary arrangements, e.g. pumps, agitators, cutters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/007—Metering or regulating systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an accurate fertigation system and an accurate fertigation method for a greenhouse, wherein the accurate fertigation system comprises a fertilizer preparation system, an acid-base regulation system and a control system; the control system comprises a decision control system, wherein the decision control system is used for setting the water and fertilizer demand according to a crop growth model, a crop water and fertilizer demand model, a soil moisture content and greenhouse environment parameter module; the control system is electrically connected with the fertilizer preparation system and the acid-base regulation system, and the irrigation fertilization amount of the fertilizer preparation system and the acid-base regulation amount of the acid-base regulation system are controlled according to the water demand and fertilizer demand set by the decision control system. The water and fertilizer control is intelligent and personalized, a water and fertilizer management control strategy according with the growth stage of crops is formulated by establishing a crop growth model and a water and fertilizer demand model and combining information parameters such as greenhouse environment parameters and soil moisture content, and the precise control on the aspects of water and fertilizer concentration, water and fertilizer supply time, water and fertilizer supply period and the like is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an irrigation and fertilization system and an irrigation and fertilization method for a greenhouse, in particular to an accurate irrigation and fertilization system and an accurate irrigation and fertilization method for a greenhouse.
Background
The greenhouse crop planting needs to regularly apply fertilizers according to the growth vigor of crops, however, the fertilizer application in China still stays in the manual stage, different fertilizers are simply mixed in a rough mode and then applied to the crops through spraying and drip irrigation, and therefore the problems of unreasonable fertilizer formula, excessive water and fertilizer using amount, low utilization rate, soil acidification and other environmental pollution are easily caused.
Traditional fertilizer distributor uses fertilizer suction devices such as venturi, proportion fertilizer pump, can only be according to the suction of certain proportional control fertilizer, as patent CN216017776U discloses intelligent fertigation machine, connect the drain pipe on the fertilizer ratio case, be provided with flowmeter, solenoid valve and first suction pump on the connecting pipe, be provided with the second suction pump on the drain pipe, first suction pump is connected with first power unit, is connected with second power unit on the second suction pump, flowmeter, solenoid valve, first power unit and second power unit all are connected with PLC control system electricity, and the drain pipe passes through the flow divider and connects a plurality of shower nozzles, be provided with rotatory lift subassembly on the bottom plate, flow divider and rotatory lift subassembly fixed connection, the ratio proportion of control water and fertilizer stoste. The proposal can only control the proportion of water and the fertilizer stock solution according to parameters which are manually input, and can not intelligently regulate and control the fertilizing amount according to the characteristics of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide an accurate irrigation and fertilization system of a greenhouse, which can accurately absorb fertilizer, efficiently mix fertilizer, dynamically regulate and control rich water, acid and alkali and perform targeted water and fertilizer supply management on crops; the invention also aims to provide an irrigation and fertilization method by utilizing the accurate irrigation and fertilization system.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses an accurate fertigation system of a greenhouse, which comprises a fertilizer preparation system, an acid-base regulation system and a control system;
the fertilizer preparation system comprises a main pump, a plurality of fertilizer barrels for storing fertilizer and a fertilizer mixing pump, wherein the fertilizer barrels are connected with the input end of the fertilizer mixing pump, the output end of the fertilizer mixing pump is connected with the input end of the main pump, the input end of the main pump is also connected with a water source, and the output end of the main pump is connected with a plurality of branches for fertigation;
the acid-base regulation and control system comprises fertilizer barrels for respectively storing acid and base, and a pH sensor and an EC sensor which are respectively arranged on a pipeline at the output end of the main pump, wherein the pH sensor and the EC sensor are respectively used for detecting the pH value and the conductivity value of the mixed fertilizer output by the main pump and feeding back to the control system;
the control system comprises a decision control system, and the decision control system is used for setting the water and fertilizer demand according to a crop growth model, a crop water and fertilizer demand model, the soil moisture content and greenhouse environment parameter module; the control system is electrically connected with the fertilizer preparation system and the acid-base regulation system, and the irrigation fertilization amount of the fertilizer preparation system and the acid-base regulation amount of the acid-base regulation system are controlled according to the water demand and fertilizer demand set by the decision control system. Wherein the crop growth model is a universal and mature model system used: a DSSAT model. The application method of the module for the crop growth model, the crop water and fertilizer demand model, the soil moisture content and greenhouse environment parameters comprises the steps of installing DSSAT model software on a cloud server, then configuring crop model parameters, soil model parameters and greenhouse environment parameters in the model software, enabling the model software to make a response control decision, enabling a background to use the control decision as an influence factor of an automatic control system, making a control instruction meeting the field requirement by combining the current real-time environment and soil moisture content of a greenhouse, sending the control instruction to a field gateway through 4G information, and executing the control instruction by the gateway.
Further, fertilizer barrels in the fertilizer preparation system are a nitrogen fertilizer barrel, a phosphate fertilizer barrel and a potassium fertilizer barrel; the fertilizer barrel in the acid-base regulation system is an acid liquid barrel and an alkali liquid barrel.
Furthermore, mutually independent fertilizer electromagnetic valves are arranged between each fertilizer barrel and the fertilizer mixing pump, each fertilizer electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the control system, and each fertilizer electromagnetic valve is an opening-adjustable electromagnetic valve.
Furthermore, mutually independent branch electromagnetic valves are respectively arranged on each branch of the output end of the main pump, each branch electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the control system, and each branch electromagnetic valve is an opening-adjustable electromagnetic valve.
Further, fertilizer and/or acid-base of each fertilizer bucket output assemble in the fertilizer main line, and the fertilizer main line is connected with the input of muddy fertile pump, is equipped with the water flow sensor that links with control system electricity on the fertilizer main line for detect the total flow of each fertilizer bucket output and feed back to control system.
Further, control system includes the PLC with acid-base regulation and control system and join in marriage fertile system electricity and connect respectively, and PLC is connected with analog quantity module and switch, and the switch is connected with touch-sensitive screen and the PLC cloud gateway that are used for showing and control PLC respectively, and PLC cloud gateway is connected with the decision-making control system who is used for formulating the fertigation control strategy of current stage.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a fertigation method using the above-mentioned precision fertigation system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) an operator sets the fertilizer amounts of the three fertilizers, namely nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, through a touch screen, and the accurate irrigation and fertilization system automatically operates according to input information; firstly, starting a main pump, then starting a fertilizer mixing pump, opening a corresponding fertilizer electromagnetic valve, controlling the opening degree of the valve, and when fertilizer is sucked into a main pipeline from a fertilizer barrel, passing through a water flow sensor, and calculating and controlling the opening degree value of the electromagnetic valve by a control system to realize quantitative fertilizer suction;
(2) setting the pH value of the water fertilizer, monitoring the pH value of the solution in the main fertilizer outlet pipeline in real time through a pH sensor by the system and calculating the capacity of the absorbed pH solution through a water flow sensor, and dynamically adjusting the pH value of the fertilizer water through controlling an acid solution electromagnetic valve and an alkali solution electromagnetic valve;
(3) the method is characterized in that the requirements of crops on water and fertilizer in the growth stage, soil moisture and environmental parameters are combined, two operation modes of manual operation and automatic operation are selected through a touch screen, when the operation modes are switched to the manual mode, a water pump and an electromagnetic valve opening actuating mechanism can be automatically controlled to work, and when the operation modes are set to the automatic operation mode, a user inputs crop information, wherein the crop information comprises crop varieties and the current growth stage, and the system automatically starts a corresponding water and fertilizer regulation strategy according to a crop growth model and a crop water and fertilizer demand model.
Further, in the step (1), the environmental parameters include air temperature and humidity, illumination intensity and CO 2 And (4) concentration.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) accurately absorbing fertilizer and efficiently mixing fertilizer: the invention uses the electromagnetic valve with adjustable opening degree, calculates the fertilizer suction amount by adjusting the electromagnetic opening degree and combining the water flow sensor, thereby accurately controlling the fertilizer suction amount, and the traditional fertilizer applicator uses the fertilizer suction devices such as a Venturi, a proportional fertilizer pump and the like, and can only control the fertilizer suction amount according to a certain proportion;
(2) dynamically regulating and controlling the pH value of the fertilizer water: the system is provided with a PH dynamic adjustment system, when an operator starts the fertilizer applicator to operate, the PH value of the fertilizer water can be adjusted and controlled, the PH value of the water fertilizer is set, the system monitors the PH value of the solution in the main fertilizer outlet pipeline in real time through a PH sensor and calculates the volume of the sucked pH solution through a water flow sensor, and the PH value of the fertilizer water is dynamically adjusted by controlling an acid solution electromagnetic valve and an alkali solution electromagnetic valve, but the traditional fertilizer applicator cannot adjust the PH value of the fertilizer water;
(3) the liquid manure control is intelligent, and individualized: the intelligent decision control system is provided, a water and fertilizer management control strategy which accords with the growth stage of crops is formulated by establishing a crop growth model and a water and fertilizer demand model and combining information parameters such as greenhouse environment parameters and soil moisture content, and the accurate control on the aspects of water and fertilizer concentration, water and fertilizer supply time, water and fertilizer supply period and the like is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a fertilizer preparation system and an acid-base regulation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the control system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a human-machine interface of a touch screen in the control system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a pictorial view of FIG. 1 of the present invention;
reference numeral, 1, a main pump; 2. a fertilizer mixing pump; 3. a nitrogenous fertilizer barrel; 4. a phosphate fertilizer barrel; 5. a potash fertilizer barrel; 6. an acid liquid barrel; 7. an alkaline solution barrel; 8. a first fertilizer solenoid valve; 9. a second fertilizer solenoid valve; 10. a third fertilizer solenoid valve; 11. a fourth fertilizer solenoid valve; 12. a fifth fertilizer electromagnetic valve; 13. a pH sensor; 14. an EC sensor; 15. a first branch solenoid valve; 16. a second branch solenoid valve; 17. a PLC; 18. an analog quantity module; 19. a switch; 20. a touch screen; 21. a PLC cloud gateway; 22. a decision control system; 23. an operator; 24. a crop growth model; 25. a water and fertilizer demand model for crops; 26. soil moisture content; 27. a greenhouse environment parameter module; 28. a water flow sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, in one embodiment, the precision fertigation system for a greenhouse comprises a fertilizer preparation system, an acid-base regulation system and a control system.
The fertilizer preparation system comprises a main pump 1, a fertilizer mixing pump 2, a nitrogen fertilizer barrel 3, a phosphate fertilizer barrel 4, a potassium fertilizer barrel 5, a first fertilizer electromagnetic valve 8, a second fertilizer electromagnetic valve 9, a third fertilizer electromagnetic valve 10, a first branch electromagnetic valve 15, a second branch electromagnetic valve 16 and a water flow sensor 28.
Wherein, nitrogen fertilizer bucket 3, phosphorus fertilizer bucket 4, potash fertilizer bucket 5 assemble respectively through each branch road in the fertilizer main line and with mix fertile pump 2 and be connected, are equipped with water flow sensor 28 on the fertilizer main line for detect the total flow of each fertilizer bucket output and feed back to control system.
The mixed fertilizer pump 2 comprises an input end and an output end, wherein the input end of the mixed fertilizer pump is communicated with a fertilizer main pipeline and is used for receiving fertilizers conveyed by a nitrogen fertilizer barrel 3, a phosphate fertilizer barrel 4 and a potassium fertilizer barrel 5 and mixing the fertilizers in the mixed fertilizer pump 2, and the output end of the mixed fertilizer pump is used for conveying the mixed fertilizers to the main pump 1.
The main pump 1 comprises an input end and an output end, the output end is respectively communicated with the fertilizer mixing pump 2 and a water source, and the output end is connected with two branches for fertigation; the first fertilizer electromagnetic valve 8, the second fertilizer electromagnetic valve 9 and the third fertilizer electromagnetic valve 10 are respectively arranged on the branches of the nitrogen fertilizer barrel 3, the phosphate fertilizer barrel 4 and the potassium fertilizer barrel 5, each fertilizer electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with a control system, and the fertilizer electromagnetic valves are opening-adjustable electromagnetic valves. And a first branch electromagnetic valve 15 and a second branch electromagnetic valve 16 are respectively arranged on the branches for irrigation and fertilization, and the branch electromagnetic valves are all opening-adjustable electromagnetic valves and are electrically connected with a control system.
As shown in fig. 3, when the precision fertigation system of the greenhouse of the present invention works, an operator sets three fertilizer amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium through the touch screen 20. The system operates automatically based on the input information. The main pump 1 is started firstly, then the fertilizer mixing pump 2 is started, the corresponding fertilizer electromagnetic valve is opened, the valve opening degree is controlled, when fertilizer is sucked into a main pipeline from a fertilizer barrel, the fertilizer passes through the water flow sensor 28, and the quantitative fertilizer suction is realized by calculating and controlling the electromagnetic valve opening degree value by the system.
The acid-base regulation and control system comprises a pH sensor 13 and an EC sensor 14, wherein the pH sensor 13 and the EC sensor 14 are respectively arranged on a pipeline at the output end of the main pump 1 and are used for detecting the pH value and the conductivity value of the mixed fertilizer output by the main pump 1 and feeding back the pH value and the conductivity value to the control system, and the control system regulates the output quantity of each fertilizer barrel according to the feedback values.
Specifically, the acid-base regulation and control system comprises a main pump 1, a mixed fertilizer pump 2, an acid liquor barrel 6, an alkaline liquor barrel 7, a fourth fertilizer electromagnetic valve 11, a fifth fertilizer electromagnetic valve 12 and the like. Wherein, the acid liquor bucket 6 and the alkaline liquor bucket 7 are respectively gathered in the fertilizer main pipeline through each branch road and are connected with the fertilizer mixing pump 2, and the fertilizer main pipeline is provided with a water flow sensor 28 for detecting the total flow output by each fertilizer bucket and feeding back to the control system. The mixed fertilizer pump 2 comprises an input end and an output end, the input end of the mixed fertilizer pump is communicated with the fertilizer main pipeline and is used for receiving the fertilizers conveyed by the acid liquid barrel 6 and the alkaline liquid barrel 7 and mixing the fertilizers in the mixed fertilizer pump 2, and the output end of the mixed fertilizer pump is used for conveying the mixed fertilizers to the main pump 1; a fourth fertilizer electromagnetic valve 11 and a fifth fertilizer electromagnetic valve 12 are respectively arranged on the branch paths of the acid liquid barrel 6 and the alkaline liquid barrel 7, each fertilizer electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the control system, and the fertilizer electromagnetic valves are opening-adjustable electromagnetic valves.
When the fertilizer applicator is started for operation, an operator can regulate and control the pH value of the fertilizer water, the pH value of the water fertilizer is set, the system monitors the pH value of the solution in the main fertilizer outlet pipeline in real time through the pH sensor and calculates the capacity of the absorbed pH solution through the water flow sensor, and the pH value of the fertilizer water is dynamically adjusted by controlling the acid solution electromagnetic valve and the alkali solution electromagnetic valve, so that the pH value of the fertilizer water to the root of the crop is ensured to be the same as the set value.
The control system comprises a PLC17, an analog quantity module 18, a switch 19, a touch screen 20, a PLC cloud gateway 21 and a decision control system 22, the PLC17 is respectively and electrically connected with the acid-base regulation and control system and the fertilizer distribution system, and concretely, the PLC17 is electrically connected with the main pump 1, the first fertilizer electromagnetic valve 8, the second fertilizer electromagnetic valve 9, the third fertilizer electromagnetic valve 10, the fourth fertilizer electromagnetic valve 11, the fifth fertilizer electromagnetic valve 12, the first branch electromagnetic valve 15, the second branch electromagnetic valve 16 and the water flow sensor 28 and controls the main pump 1, the fertilizer mixing pump 2; wherein the pH sensor 13 and the EC sensor 14 of the acid-base regulation system are connected with the PLC17 through an analog quantity module 18; the touch screen 20 is connected with the PLC17 through the switch 19, and the decision control system 22 is connected with the PLC17 through the PLC cloud gateway 21 and the switch 19.
The decision control system 22 comprises a crop growth model 24, a crop water and fertilizer demand model 25, soil moisture 26 and a greenhouse environment parameter module 27, wherein the decision control system 22 is used for setting water and fertilizer demand according to the crop growth model 24, the crop water and fertilizer demand model 25, the soil moisture 26 and the greenhouse environment parameter module 27, and the PLC17 controls the irrigation fertilizer amount of the fertilizer distribution system and the acid-base regulation amount of the acid-base regulation system according to the water and fertilizer demand set by the decision control system 22.
Specifically, the control system is composed of a local control part and a cloud control part. Wherein local control system uses PLC17 as control core, the control command that the execution host computer was assigned, collect the numerical value of water flow sensor 28 and fertilizer solenoid valve, and to main pump 1, mix fertile pump 2, branch road solenoid valve and fertilizer solenoid valve control, gather the data of EC and PH sensor through analog quantity module 18, forward the appointed cloud server through 4G with data through PLC cloud gateway 21, operating personnel accessible local touch-sensitive screen 20 and computer WEB end real-time supervision inhale fertile volume, the EC value, the pH value, to actuating mechanisms such as water pump, the solenoid valve control.
Besides manual operation of the actuating mechanism through the touch screen and the WEB end, automatic operation can be realized. The cloud decision control system 22 executes the fertigation control strategy of the current stage of the crop by the crop growth model 24, the crop water and fertilizer demand model 25, the soil moisture content 26 and the greenhouse environment parameter module 27, and then synchronizes the control instruction into the PLC17 to perform fertigation operation.
A water and fertilizer management control strategy according with the crop growth stage is formulated by establishing a crop growth model 24 and a crop water and fertilizer demand model 25 and combining information parameters such as soil moisture 26 and a greenhouse environment parameter module 27, wherein the water and fertilizer management control strategy comprises water and fertilizer concentration, water and fertilizer supply time and a water and fertilizer supply period.
The crop growth model 24 and the crop water and fertilizer demand model 25 are both set by using the existing crop growth model and crop water and fertilizer demand model, and the parameters in the soil moisture content 26 and the greenhouse environment parameter module 27 are also set by using the existing parameters in the prior art. In particular, the crop growth model is a universal and mature model system used: a DSSAT model. The application method of the module for the crop growth model, the crop water and fertilizer demand model, the soil moisture content and greenhouse environment parameters comprises the steps of installing DSSAT model software on a cloud server, then configuring crop model parameters, soil model parameters and greenhouse environment parameters in the model software, enabling the model software to make a response control decision, enabling a background to use the control decision as an influence factor of an automatic control system, making a control instruction meeting the field requirement by combining the current real-time environment and soil moisture content of a greenhouse, sending the control instruction to a field gateway through 4G information, and executing the control instruction by the gateway.
In one embodiment, a method for precision fertigation of a facility greenhouse is provided, comprising the following steps:
(1) an operator sets the fertilizer amounts of the three fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium through a touch screen. The system automatically operates according to the input information. The main pump is started firstly, then the fertilizer mixing pump is started, the corresponding fertilizer electromagnetic valve is opened, the valve opening degree is controlled, when fertilizer is sucked into the main pipeline from the fertilizer barrel, the fertilizer passes through the water flow sensor, and the quantitative fertilizer suction is realized by calculating and controlling the electromagnetic valve opening degree value by the system.
(2) The PH requirement of partial crops on water and fertilizer is higher. The PH dynamic adjustment system has been designed in system development, operating personnel when starting the fertilizer distributor and carrying out the operation, can regulate and control the pH valve of rich water, set for the pH value of liquid manure, the system is through the pH valve of the solution in the pH sensor real-time supervision main pipeline and the inspiratory pH liquid capacity of discharge sensor calculation promptly, and through control acidizing fluid solenoid valve and alkali lye solenoid valve, the pH valve of dynamic adjustment rich water, guarantee that the pH valve of the rich water to the crop root is the same with the setting value, the at utmost provides the nutrient substance that suits to grow for the crop.
(3) A crop growth water and fertilizer regulation decision system. A water and fertilizer control strategy for multiple crops is systematically developed, and a water and fertilizer control strategy for strawberry and tomato crops in a facility greenhouse is developed at present, and the requirements of the crops on water and fertilizer in the growth stage and soil moisture and environmental parameters (including air temperature and humidity, illumination intensity and CO2 concentration) are combined. The user can select two kinds of operating modes of manual and automatic through on-the-spot touch-sensitive screen, when switching to manual mode, can the actuating mechanism work such as self-control water pump, solenoid valve opening, when setting for automatic operation mode, the user types crop information, including crop variety, current growth stage etc. when setting for automatic operation mode, and the system is automatic promptly according to this crop model, starts corresponding liquid manure regulation and control strategy.
As shown in fig. 4, in an embodiment, a real object diagram of the present invention is provided, and has two operation modes of manual operation and automatic control, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) and powering on the system.
(2) The operating mode is selected. And selecting two working modes of manual operation and automatic operation through a local touch screen or a WEB terminal. When switching to manual mode, can the actuating mechanism work such as self-control water pump, solenoid valve opening, when setting for automatic operation mode, the user types crop information, including crop variety, current growth stage etc. the system is automatic promptly according to this crop model, starts corresponding liquid manure regulation and control strategy, in with control command synchronous PLC17 afterwards, fertigation operation.
Claims (8)
1. An accurate irrigation and fertilization system of a facility greenhouse is characterized by comprising a fertilizer preparation system, an acid-base regulation system and a control system;
the fertilizer preparation system comprises a main pump (1), a plurality of fertilizer barrels for storing fertilizer and a fertilizer mixing pump (2), wherein the fertilizer barrels are connected with the input end of the fertilizer mixing pump (2), the output end of the fertilizer mixing pump (2) is connected with the input end of the main pump (1), the input end of the main pump (1) is also connected with a water source, and the output end of the main pump (1) is connected with a plurality of branches for fertigation;
the acid-base regulation and control system comprises fertilizer barrels for storing acid and base respectively, and a pH sensor (13) and an EC sensor (14) which are arranged on a pipeline at the output end of the main pump (1) respectively, wherein the pH sensor and the EC sensor are used for detecting the pH value and the conductivity value of the mixed fertilizer output by the main pump (1) and feeding back the pH value and the conductivity value to the control system respectively, and the control system regulates the output quantity of the fertilizer barrels for storing acid and base according to the feedback value;
the control system comprises a decision control system (22), wherein the decision control system (22) is used for setting water and fertilizer demand according to a crop growth model (24), a crop water and fertilizer demand model (25), soil moisture (26) and a greenhouse environment parameter module (27); the control system is electrically connected with the fertilizer preparation system and the acid-base regulation system, and the irrigation fertilizing amount of the fertilizer preparation system and the acid-base regulation amount of the acid-base regulation system are controlled according to the water-needed fertilizer requirement set by the decision control system (22).
2. The precision fertigation system of a greenhouse facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer barrels in the fertilizer preparation system are a nitrogen fertilizer barrel (3), a phosphate fertilizer barrel (4) and a potassium fertilizer barrel (5); the fertilizer barrel in the acid-base regulation system is an acid liquor barrel (6) and an alkali liquor barrel (7).
3. The precision fertigation system of a greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein fertilizer electromagnetic valves are arranged between each fertilizer barrel and the fertilizer mixing pump (2), each fertilizer electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the control system, and the fertilizer electromagnetic valves are opening-adjustable electromagnetic valves.
4. The precision fertigation system of a greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein each branch of the output end of the main pump (1) is provided with a branch electromagnetic valve which is independent from each other, each branch electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the control system, and each branch electromagnetic valve is an opening-adjustable electromagnetic valve.
5. The precision fertigation system of a greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer and/or acid and alkali output by each fertilizer barrel are gathered in a main fertilizer pipeline, the main fertilizer pipeline is connected with the input end of the fertilizer mixing pump (2), and a water flow sensor (28) electrically connected with the control system is arranged on the main fertilizer pipeline and used for detecting the total flow output by each fertilizer barrel and feeding back the total flow to the control system.
6. The precision fertigation system of a greenhouse with facilities according to claim 1, wherein the control system comprises a PLC (17) electrically connected with the acid-base regulation system and the fertilizer distribution system respectively, the PLC (17) is connected with an analog quantity module (18) and a switch (19), the switch (19) is connected with a touch screen (20) and a PLC cloud gateway (21) respectively for displaying and controlling the PLC (17), and the PLC cloud gateway (21) is connected with a decision control system (22) for making the fertigation control strategy of the current stage.
7. A fertigation method using the precision fertigation system of any of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of:
(1) an operator sets the fertilizer amounts of three fertilizers, namely nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, through a touch screen, and the accurate irrigation and fertilization system automatically operates according to input information; firstly, starting a main pump, then starting a fertilizer mixing pump, opening a corresponding fertilizer electromagnetic valve, controlling the opening degree of the valve, and when fertilizer is sucked into a main pipeline from a fertilizer barrel, passing through a water flow sensor, and calculating and controlling the opening degree value of the electromagnetic valve by a control system to realize quantitative fertilizer suction;
(2) setting the pH value of the water fertilizer, monitoring the pH value of the solution in the main fertilizer outlet pipeline in real time through a pH sensor by the system and calculating the capacity of the absorbed pH solution through a water flow sensor, and dynamically adjusting the pH value of the fertilizer water through controlling an acid solution electromagnetic valve and an alkali solution electromagnetic valve;
(3) the method is characterized in that the requirements of crops on water and fertilizer in the growth stage, soil moisture and environmental parameters are combined, two operation modes of manual operation and automatic operation are selected through a touch screen, when the operation modes are switched to the manual mode, a water pump and an electromagnetic valve opening actuating mechanism can be automatically controlled to work, and when the operation modes are set to the automatic operation mode, a user inputs crop information, wherein the crop information comprises crop varieties and the current growth stage, and the system automatically starts a corresponding water and fertilizer regulation strategy according to a crop growth model and a crop water and fertilizer demand model.
8. The fertigation method of claim 7, wherein in step (1), the environmental parameters comprise air temperature and humidity, illumination intensity, CO 2 And (4) concentration.
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| CN202210666182.0A CN114946368A (en) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Accurate fertigation system and method for greenhouse |
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| CN202210666182.0A CN114946368A (en) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Accurate fertigation system and method for greenhouse |
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