CN113950924A - Water-fertilizer coupling precise regulation and control system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Water-fertilizer coupling precise regulation and control system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water and fertilizer coupling accurate regulation and control system and a control method thereof. The invention can monitor and collect water and nutrient information in the matrix of the seedling root zone in real time, compare the information with a set target threshold value, analyze and decide whether water and fertilizer are needed to be supplemented or not, control the opening or closing of a pump and an electromagnetic valve on a water-fertilizer coupling device, realize that the current water and nutrient content in the matrix of the seedling root zone is taken as an input quantity, the water and fertilizer quantity needed to be supplemented is taken as an output quantity, the lower limit value of the target threshold value is a starting judgment reference, and ensure that the water and nutrient content in the matrix of the seedling root zone is within the range of the controlled target threshold value in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry seedling raising, and particularly relates to a water-fertilizer coupling precise regulation and control system and a control method thereof.
Background
In the current seedling production process, a water and fertilizer management mode of manual spray irrigation, base fertilizer application and additional fertilizer is basically adopted, the manual spray irrigation is large in workload, water quantity is not easy to control, local water quantity distribution is unbalanced, a place with too little water quantity cannot meet the requirement of crops for water, nutrient concentration is too high to cause seedling burning, and nutrients can leak along with excessive irrigation water in places with too much water quantity so that the nutrients are lost; the plants have different nutrient types and nutrient demands in different growth periods, particularly the nutrient demands in the early growth period of the seedling period are less, the nutrient stress environment can be created for the seedlings by applying excessive nutrients in the period, the growth and development of the seedlings are not facilitated, the base fertilizer application and the top dressing are reasonable, but the fertilizing time, the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing times are determined by subjective consciousness of people. The traditional water and fertilizer management mode has low working efficiency and low water and nutrient control and utilization rate.
Compared with the traditional manual irrigation and fertilization, the water and fertilizer integrated equipment has intellectualization, realizes automatic irrigation and fertilization, saves manpower and labor force, and can also operate on a large scale, but the equipment only embodies 'quantity feeding and intellectualization', namely, the irrigation quantity and the fertilization quantity are manually set on a control panel of the intelligent irrigation and fertilizer application machine, and the water and fertilizer integrated machine automatically finishes the set water quantity and fertilizer quantity. However, the subjectivity of people still dominates in the water and fertilizer integrated equipment, only the water and fertilizer are applied, and whether irrigation and fertilization are carried out is judged no matter whether nursery stocks need to be irrigated or not or whether water and nutrients in the matrix need to be added or not. Therefore, the problem to be solved by the invention is how to supply and accurately control the water and nutrient contents of the growing environment of the seedling root zone as required, stabilize the growing environment of the seedling or accurately supply the seedling in time as required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a water-fertilizer coupling accurate regulation and control system and a control method thereof, which are simple to operate and can accurately control the growth environment of a seedling root zone.
The invention comprises a monitoring unit, a control center and a liquid manure coupling device, wherein the monitoring unit is connected with the control center in a data communication way, the control output end of the control center is connected with the control input end of the liquid manure coupling device,
the control center comprises an integrated control cabinet and an SCADA operating platform, and is used for receiving water, nutrients, temperature and humidity and pipe circulation flow information which are monitored by a water sensor, a nutrient sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an electromagnetic flowmeter in real time, analyzing and deciding and controlling the water-fertilizer coupling device to work;
the monitoring unit comprises a water sensor, a nutrient sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an electromagnetic flow meter arranged on the water-fertilizer coupling device, wherein the water sensor, the nutrient sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are used for collecting water and nutrient contents in a matrix of a seedling root zone and temperature and humidity information of a growing environment in real time, and the electromagnetic flow meter is used for collecting liquid flow flowing in a pipe on the water-fertilizer coupling device;
the water and fertilizer coupling device is used for realizing independent output of fertilizer and a water path and coupled output of water and fertilizer.
Furthermore, a power management module, a control and calculation module, a data input module, a data output module, a relay module, a data acquisition serial communication management module and a network management module are arranged in the integrated control cabinet body; the control and calculation module, the data input module, the data output module and the data acquisition serial communication management module are connected through a parallel communication interface;
the data input module is used for connecting the moisture sensor and the electromagnetic flowmeter and transmitting information obtained by monitoring to the control and calculation module;
the data acquisition serial communication management module is used for connecting the nutrient sensor and transmitting information obtained by monitoring to the control and calculation module;
the data output and relay module is used for executing the instruction sent by the control and calculation module, driving a pump and an electromagnetic valve on the water and fertilizer coupling device, and realizing independent output of the fertilizer and a water path and coupled output of the water and fertilizer;
the power supply management module is used for supplying power to the control and calculation module, the data input module, the data acquisition serial communication management module and other modules and the SCADA operating platform; the power supply has multiple protection functions of short circuit, overcurrent, electric leakage, fault output alarm and the like, provides conversion from AC100V V to 240V to DC18V V to 28V, and can achieve the effect of stably supplying power to equipment by the output voltage of an output direct-current voltage regulator on a power supply;
the network management module is used for communication between the SCADA operating platform and the control and calculation module and is connected by adopting Haiwell PLC-TCP;
the SCADA operating platform software takes a configuration king as a development platform, adopts a Haiwell PLC-TCP protocol to be in communication connection with a control and calculation module, and realizes data storage, data viewing, report inquiry, report generation, man-machine interaction and the like; the SCADA operating platform can issue instructions to the control and calculation module; the control instruction is provided with automatic control and manual control;
the control and calculation module compares the content of water and nutrients in the current matrix of the root zone of the nursery stock acquired in real time with the upper and lower limit values of a set target threshold value, analyzes and decides whether water and fertilizer are needed to be supplemented or not, if so, the calculation module can intelligently calculate the water and fertilizer amount which is needed to be supplemented when the upper limit value of the target threshold value of the water and nutrients is reached according to a model imported by programming, and automatically distributes the water supplementing and irrigating amount into two parts according to a preset distribution coefficient, one part is used for coupling output of water and fertilizer liquid, the other part is used for flushing a pipe, particularly, the control and calculation module does not distribute the water irrigating amount when only water is not watered and fertilized, when a series of preparations are ready, an instruction sent by the control and calculation module drives a corresponding pump and an electromagnetic valve on a water and fertilizer coupling device to be opened through an output module, meanwhile, the corresponding electromagnetic flow meter detects the flow of liquid flowing in the pipe at any moment and sends information to the control and calculation module, when the control and calculation module monitors that the flow of the liquid flowing in the pipe is equal to the calculated flow, the control and calculation module sends an instruction to drive the corresponding electromagnetic valve to be closed; the current water and nutrient contents in the matrix of the seedling root zone are used as input quantity, the required supplemented irrigation quantity and fertilization quantity are used as output quantity, the lower limit value of a target threshold value is used as a starting judgment reference, the water and nutrient contents in the matrix of the seedling root zone are regulated and controlled by adopting a timely and quantitative supplementing irrigation and fertilization mode, and the water and nutrient contents in the matrix of the seedling root zone are ensured to be within the controlled threshold value range in real time;
further, a water sensor, a nutrient sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor are used for monitoring water and nutrients in the seedling root matrix and temperature and humidity information of a seedling growing environment in real time;
furthermore, the electromagnetic flowmeter is used for monitoring the liquid flow circulating in the upper pipe of the water-fertilizer coupling device in real time;
furthermore, the water and fertilizer coupling device is provided with an automatic water and fertilizer coupling module, a water storage barrel, a water source header pipe and a water supply main pipe, the upper end and the lower end of the water storage barrel are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet of the water storage barrel is connected with a water source through the water source header pipe, and the water outlet of the water storage barrel is connected with the water supply main pipe; a first filter and a water replenishing electromagnetic valve are sequentially arranged on the water source main pipe along the water flow direction; the water supply main pipe is sequentially provided with a first manual valve, a water pump, a first pressure reducing valve, a water supply electromagnetic flowmeter, a first check valve, an automatic water and fertilizer coupling module, a second check valve, a water and fertilizer coupling tank, a water and fertilizer pump, a second pressure reducing valve, a water and fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter and a second filter in series; the automatic water and fertilizer coupling module comprises a plurality of liquid storage barrels, the liquid storage barrels are communicated with the water supply main pipe through a fertilizer suction pipe, and the fertilizer suction pipe is sequentially provided with a fertilization check valve, a fertilization electromagnetic flowmeter and a fertilization pump from top to bottom;
furthermore, in order to prevent negative pressure from being formed in the coupling tank, a one-way breather valve is arranged at the top end of the water-fertilizer coupling tank;
further, all be provided with the liquid level detection ware in water storage bucket and the liquid storage bucket, the liquid level detection ware is connected with data input module for the water level condition in real-time supervision water storage bucket and the liquid storage bucket.
The invention also provides a regulation and control method for the precise seedling water and fertilizer supply system, which comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging a probe of a water and nutrient sensor near a root system of the seedling;
s2: setting target threshold upper and lower limit parameter values of water and nutrients by an SCADA operating platform of the control center;
s3, comparing the moisture and nutrient information transmitted by the moisture sensor and the nutrient sensor with the upper and lower limit values of a target threshold respectively by the control and calculation module of the control center, and judging whether water irrigation or fertilizer application is needed; when the moisture sensor and the nutrient sensor monitor that the water content and the nutrient content in the matrix of the seedling root zone are greater than the lower limit values, the operation is not carried out, and when the water content and the nutrient content are less than the lower limit values, S4 is carried out;
s4, judging whether the environment is in accordance with watering, and when the temperature monitored by the temperature sensor is higher than a set value, the temperature sensor does not work; the temperature is lower than the set value and does not work in the watering time; the temperature in the shed is lower than the set value, and the watering time is met, and S5 is carried out;
s5, the control and calculation module respectively calculates the water amount or the fertilizer amount required to be supplemented when the set upper limit value of the water or the nutrient is reached according to the current water or nutrient content value; if only water is needed to be supplemented and fertilizer application is not needed, S6 is carried out;
s6, judging whether the low water level of the water storage barrel liquid level detector alarms or not, when the low water level alarm is started, the low water level alarm does not work, and when the low water level alarm is not started, the method enters S7;
s7, the control and calculation module of the control center issues an instruction to the relay module to control the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve, the water and fertilizer pump and the water pump to be opened for watering, the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter measures the irrigation water quantity at every moment and sends the measured irrigation water quantity to the control and calculation module through the data input module, when the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter monitors that the flow circulating in the pipe reaches the required water supplementing quantity, the controller controls the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve, the water and fertilizer pump and the water pump to be closed, meanwhile, whether fertilization is needed or not is judged, and if yes, S8 is carried out;
s8, judging whether the low water level detectors in the liquid storage barrels alarm or not, if the low water level alarms of the liquid level detectors of a plurality of liquid storage barrels are all started, the liquid storage barrels do not work, and if the low water level alarm of any liquid storage barrel is not started, the liquid storage barrel enters S9;
s9, the control and calculation module automatically distributes the water supplement amount into two parts, one part is used for coupling with the fertilizer and outputting, the other part is used for washing the pipe, and the water enters S10 after the distribution is finished;
s10, the control and calculation module of the control center sends instructions to control the water pump, the water and fertilizer circulation electromagnetic valve and the fertilization pump on the corresponding liquid storage barrel to be opened, the water and fertilizer pump and the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve are closed, fertilizer liquid in the liquid storage barrel is conveyed into the main water supply pipe through the fertilizer suction pipe to enter the coupling tank along with water to be fully coupled, each fertilization electromagnetic flowmeter and water supply electromagnetic flowmeter count the flow rate circulating in the pipe and send the flow rate to the control and calculation module, when the control and calculation module monitors the flow rate of the corresponding fertilization electromagnetic flowmeter and water supply electromagnetic flowmeter, the required fertilizer amount and the water supplement amount, the control and calculation module controls the corresponding fertilization pump, the water and fertilizer circulation electromagnetic valve and the water pump to be disconnected, the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valves and the water and fertilizer pump are opened, when the error between the flow rate of the corresponding fertilization electromagnetic flowmeter and the sum of the accumulated flow rate of the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter and the corresponding fertilization electromagnetic flowmeter is less than 0.2% or the time of the timer is more than or equal to the set value, closing the water and fertilizer pump and the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve, and entering S11; (ii) a
S11, the control and calculation module sends out an instruction to drive the water pump to work, irrigation water is output to flush the pipe, the flow is recorded in the water supply electromagnetic flow timing mode and sent to the control and calculation module, when the control and calculation module monitors that the flow of the water supply electromagnetic flow reaches the required pipe flushing water amount, the water pump is stopped, the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve and the water and fertilizer pump are started, and when the flow error between the flow of the water and fertilizer electromagnetic flow meter and the flow of the water supply electromagnetic flow is smaller than 0.2%, the water and fertilizer pump is stopped and the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve is closed; if the control and calculation module judges that only the fertilization needs no irrigation water and the water content is not higher than the upper limit value, repeating S4-S11;
further, in S7, if the control and calculation module determines that the content of any of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers is lower than the lower limit of the target threshold, and the other fertilizers are all within the threshold range, all the fertilizers are output together during fertilization;
furthermore, in S10, a low water level alarm of a liquid level detector in any liquid storage barrel is turned on, and the control and calculation module controls the fertilization electromagnetic valve and the fertilization pump on the corresponding liquid storage barrel to be disconnected;
further, in the working process of S6-S11, as long as the low water level alarm of the liquid level detector in the water storage barrel is started, the control and calculation module controls the corresponding pump and the electromagnetic valve which work at present to be disconnected, stops working, starts the water replenishing electromagnetic valve to replenish water, and when the high water level alarm of the liquid level detector of the water storage barrel is started, closes the water replenishing electromagnetic valve and repeats S3-S11;
further, in S5, the water supply amount required when the current water and nutrient content value reaches the upper limit value of the target threshold is calculated according to the following calculation formula:
wherein, InThe required irrigation quantity or fertilizer quantity is supplemented to the upper limit value of the target threshold value according to the current moisture and nutrient content condition, In-upperThe irrigation quantity or fertilizer quantity required when the water and nutrient of the matrix in the root zone of all tested seedlings reach the upper limit value of the target threshold value, TVupperIs a target threshold upper limit value, TVcurrent: is the current moisture nutrient content value in the matrix, n: water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;
furthermore, when only watering and not fertilizing, the control and calculation module does not need to allocate the amount of water for supplementing water and the amount of water for supplementing water is needed to be fertilized, and in S9, the control and calculation module allocates the amount of water for supplementing water according to the calculation formula:
Idispensing＝(Iwater-Inutrient) The distribution coefficient is multiplied by the number of the sub-areas,
furthermore, all the electromagnetic flow meters automatically clear after the flow recording of each time is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can monitor and collect water and nutrient information in the matrix of the seedling root zone in real time, compare the information with a set target threshold value, analyze and decide whether water and fertilizer are needed to be supplemented, if so, intelligently calculate the water and fertilizer quantity needed to be supplemented to reach the upper limit value of the target threshold value, control the opening or closing of a pump and an electromagnetic valve on a water-fertilizer coupling device, realize the control of the water and nutrient content in the matrix of the seedling root zone by taking the lower limit value of the target threshold value as a starting judgment reference and adopting a timely and quantitative supplementing irrigation and fertilizer mode, and ensure that the water and nutrient content in the matrix of the seedling root zone is within the range of the controlled target threshold value in real time; compared with the prior art, the defects that the traditional water and fertilizer integrated machine cannot perform decision analysis according to the actual conditions of water and nutrients in the root zone of the nursery stock to accurately control the output quantity of the water and the nutrients are overcome; the design of the flushing pipe after fertilization is beneficial to the influence of nutrient residues in the water supply main pipe on the precision of the fertilization at this time and next time, and the design of the water-fertilizer mixing tank is beneficial to the sufficient coupling of water and fertilizer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a water-fertilizer coupling precise regulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a control cabinet;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the water-fertilizer coupling tank;
FIG. 5 is a logic diagram of the control of the liquid manure water pump in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a logic diagram of the flow control of water and fertilizer in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a logic diagram of the feeding control of the water fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of parameters for controlling moisture content of liquid manure in an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described in connection with the drawings and the embodiments, which are set forth to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a water-fertilizer coupling precise regulation and control system comprises a monitoring unit, a control center and a water-fertilizer coupling device; the monitoring unit is in data communication connection with the control center, and the water and fertilizer coupling device is automatically controlled by the control center;
the control center: the system comprises an integrated control cabinet and an SCADA operating platform, wherein the integrated control cabinet is used for receiving water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, temperature and humidity and in-pipe flowing liquid information which are monitored by a water sensor, a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an electromagnetic flowmeter in real time, analyzing and deciding and controlling a water-fertilizer coupling device to work;
a monitoring unit: the device comprises a water sensor, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an electromagnetic flow meter arranged on a water-fertilizer coupling device, wherein the water sensor, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are used for collecting the water content and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content in a matrix of a seedling root zone and the temperature and humidity information of a growth environment in real time; the electromagnetic flowmeter is used for collecting the water quantity and the fertilizer quantity circulating in the pipe on the water-fertilizer coupling device;
liquid manure coupling device: the device is used for realizing independent output of fertilizer and water paths and coupled output of water and fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 2, a power management module, a control and calculation module, a data input module, a data output module, a relay module, a data acquisition serial communication management module, a network management module and a wiring terminal module are installed in the integrated control cabinet; the control and calculation module is connected with the data input module, the data output module and the data acquisition serial communication management module through parallel communication interfaces;
the data input module is used for connecting the moisture sensor and the electromagnetic flowmeter and transmitting information obtained by monitoring to the control and calculation module;
the data output and relay module is used for executing the instruction sent by the control and calculation module, driving a pump and an electromagnetic valve on the water and fertilizer coupling device, and realizing independent output of the fertilizer and a water path and coupled output of the water and fertilizer;
the data acquisition serial communication management module is used for connecting the substrate nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium sensor and transmitting monitored information to the control and calculation module;
the power supply management module is used for supplying power to the control and calculation module, the data input module, the data acquisition serial communication management module and other modules and the SCADA operating platform; the power supply has multiple protection functions of short circuit, overcurrent, electric leakage, fault output alarm and the like, provides conversion from AC100V V to 240V to DC18V V to 28V, and can achieve the effect of stably supplying power to equipment by the output voltage of an output direct-current voltage regulator on a power supply;
the network management module is used for communication between the SCADA operating platform and the control and calculation module and is connected by adopting Haiwell PLC-TCP;
the SCADA operating platform software takes a configuration king as a development platform, adopts a Hai well PLC-TCP protocol to be in communication connection with a control and calculation module, and realizes data acquisition, data storage, data viewing, report inquiry, report generation, man-machine interaction and the like; the SCADA operating platform can issue an instruction to the control and calculation module; the control instruction is provided with automatic control and manual control;
the control and calculation module is the core of the whole control, the control and calculation module compares the content of water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the current seedling root zone matrix acquired in real time with the set target upper and lower limit values, analyzes and decides whether water and fertilizer are needed to be supplemented or not, if so, the calculation module can intelligently calculate the water and fertilizer quantity needed to be supplemented when the set upper limit value of water and nutrient is reached according to a model imported by programming, automatically distributes the water supplementing and irrigating quantity into two parts according to a preset distribution coefficient, one part is used for coupling output of water and fertilizer liquid, the other part is used for flushing, particularly, when only watering is not performed, the control and calculation module does not distribute the water supplementing quantity, and when a series of preparations are ready, the control and calculation module sends an instruction to the data output module to drive a corresponding pump and an electromagnetic valve on the water-fertilizer coupling device, and meanwhile, the corresponding electromagnetic flow timing detection module detects the liquid flow flowing in the pipe and sends information to the control and calculation module The module is used for sending an instruction to the data output module to drive the corresponding electromagnetic valve to be closed when the control and calculation module monitors that the flow of the liquid flowing in the pipe is greater than or equal to the calculated flow or the time of the timer is greater than or equal to a set value; the current water content and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the matrix of the seedling root zone are used as input quantity, the irrigation quantity and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium quantity which need to be supplemented are used as output quantity, the lower limit value of a target threshold value is used as a starting judgment reference, the water content and the nutrient content in the matrix of the seedling root zone are regulated and controlled by adopting a timely and quantitative supplementing irrigation and fertilization mode, and the water content and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the matrix of the seedling root zone are ensured to be within the controlled threshold value range in real time;
the moisture sensor and the nutrient sensor are connected with a data input module of an integrated control cabinet of the control center; the system is used for monitoring the water content in the seedling root matrix, the temperature and humidity of the seedling growing environment and the flow information in the pipe in real time;
the NPK sensor is connected with the data acquisition serial communication management module and is used for monitoring the NPK content in the seedling root matrix in real time;
as shown in fig. 3-4, the upper and lower ends of the water storage barrel in the water and fertilizer coupling device are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet of the water storage barrel is connected with a water source through a water source main pipe 16, and the water outlet of the water storage barrel is connected with a water supply main pipe 5; the water source main pipe is sequentially provided with a first filter 1 and a water replenishing electromagnetic valve 2 along the water flow direction; the water supply main pipe is sequentially provided with a first manual valve 6, a water pump 7, a first pressure reducing valve 8, a water supply electromagnetic flowmeter 10, a first one-way valve 9, an automatic water and fertilizer coupling module, a second one-way valve 25, a water and fertilizer coupling tank 28, a water and fertilizer pump 29, a second pressure reducing valve 30, a water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve 31, a water and fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 32 and a second filter 33 in series; the automatic water and fertilizer coupling module comprises a plurality of liquid storage barrels, the liquid storage barrels are communicated with the water supply main pipe through a fertilizer suction pipe, and the fertilizer suction pipe is sequentially provided with a fertilization check valve, a fertilization electromagnetic flowmeter 1 and a fertilization pump from top to bottom; in order to prevent negative pressure from being formed in the coupling tank, a one-way breather valve 27 is arranged at the top end of the water-fertilizer coupling tank, and a water-fertilizer circulation electromagnetic valve 26 is arranged on a water pipe which is connected with a bypass of the water-fertilizer coupling tank to form a closed loop; the water replenishing electromagnetic valve 2, the water pump 7, the water and fertilizer pump 29, the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve 31 and the water and fertilizer circulating electromagnetic valve 26 are all automatically controlled by a control center;
the liquid level detector is connected with the data input module and used for monitoring the water level condition in the water storage barrel and the liquid storage barrel in real time.
In the embodiment, the moisture sensor adopts a model NHSF48AI, 4-20mA output signal and 5-24V/DC direct-current working voltage; the data acquisition input module is connected by adopting S08 AI; the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium sensor adopts an RS485 interface and a ModbusRTU communication mode; the information acquisition serial communication management module adopts Haiwell S01 RS; the data output module adopts H36 DOR; the relay module adopts RJ 1S-CL-D24; the control and calculation module adopts H16S 0R-e;
assuming that the system is adopted for water and fertilizer regulation, the SCADA operation platform of the control center sets upper and lower limit parameter values of a target threshold value of water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and when the current content values of water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are lower than the lower limit value of the target threshold value, a trigger program calculates the irrigation quantity and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium quantity which need to be output when the current content values of water, phosphorus, potassium reach the upper limit value of the target threshold value, controls the corresponding pump and the electromagnetic valve to be opened or closed, accurately controls the output quantity, and ensures that the water and nutrients in the matrix of the root zone of the seedling are kept within the range of the target threshold value.
The method realizes timely quantitative supply and accurate regulation of water and nutrients in the matrix of the seedling root zone, and needs to determine several basic parameters, namely the water irrigation amount and the absorbed concentrate amount I for the water and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the matrix for cultivating the tested seedlings to reach the upper limit value of the target threshold valuew-upper、IN-upper、IP-upper、IP-upperAnd programming a control program;
now, assuming that the upper and lower limit values of the target threshold values of moisture are [26, 28.74], the upper and lower limit values of the target threshold values of nitrogen are [180, 200], the upper and lower limit values of the target threshold values of phosphorus are [23, 26], the upper and lower limit values of the target threshold values of potassium are [210, 230], the target threshold values of temperature are 30 ℃, the threshold values of non-operation time are [20:00, 7:00], and the unit of the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is mg/kg;
in this embodiment, I is obtained by introducing the present regulation systemw-upper、IN-upper、IP-upper、IK-upperMethod (2)
Inserting a water sensor, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium sensor and a water irrigator near the root system of the seedling;
starting the regulation and control system, automatically resetting all electromagnetic valves by the system, starting a water pump 7, a nitrogen fertilizer pump 13, a phosphate fertilizer pump 18, a potash fertilizer pump 22 and a water fertilizer pump 29 to water and fertilizer for 100 seedlings, and when the sensors monitor the upper limit value and the lower limit value of respective target threshold values, reading numbers of a water supply electromagnetic flowmeter 10, a nitrogen fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 12, a phosphate fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 17 and a potash fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 21 are respectively 119.58L, 17.22L, 14.22L and 18.29L, particularly, the flow recorded by the flowmeters at the moment comprises the liquid amount stored in the pipes and the liquid amount flowing into the substrateSum of liquid amounts, so calculate Iw-upper、IN-upper、IP-upper、IK-upperThe amount of liquid stored in the tube is added, and the storage amount of the liquid in the tube adopts Sm＝πr2l x 1000 formula, where r is the pipe orifice radius (m) and l is the pipe length of the liquid storage pipe, e.g. the pipe length l between the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter 10 and the emitterwater＝5m、rwater0.01m, the length of the pipe between the nitrogen fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 12 and the water supply main pipe 5 is lN＝0.5m、rN＝0.002m，Swater＝πr2l×1000＝3.14×0.012×5×1000＝1.57L SN＝πr2l×1000＝3.14×0.0022X 1 × 1000 ═ 0.013L, then Iw-upperUpper limit moisture flow count + water supply line storage 119.58+1.57 121.15L, IN-upper、IP-upper、IK-upperAnd Iw-upperThe same calculation method as in (I)N-upper＝17.23L、IP-upper＝14.23、IK-upper＝18.30。
In this embodiment, the application method of the precise water and fertilizer regulation system is described by taking the regulation of independent water output and coupled water and fertilizer output as examples
Water and fertilizer supply amount calculation and execution method
Case I: the currently displayed volumetric water content of 28, nitrogen content of 185, phosphorus content of 25, and potassium content of 220 are all within the target threshold range, and the system does not execute the program regardless of temperature or whether it is within the off-time threshold.
Case II: the volume water content displayed at present is 25.80< the lower limit threshold value is 26.00, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents are all in the range of the target threshold value, and at the moment, whether the environmental temperature is suitable for watering is judged;
if the current environment temperature is higher than the threshold value of 30 ℃, the system does not execute the program;
if the current environment temperature is 29 ℃ and less than the threshold value of 30 ℃, judging whether the low water level of the water storage barrel liquid level detector gives an alarm or not;
if the low water level alarm is started, the system does not execute the program;
if the low water level alarm is not started, judging whether the low water level alarm is in a non-operating time area;
if the time is 8:00 and is not in the range of the non-operating time threshold value [20:00-7:00], triggering a calculation program;
the program automatically calculates the water quantity output for complementing the water quantity to the target upper threshold value of 28.74
Controlling the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve 31, the water pump 7 and the water and fertilizer pump 29 to be opened, and controlling the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve 31, the water pump 7 and the water and fertilizer pump 29 to be closed when the flow of the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter 10 is monitored to be equal to 12.39L;
if the time is 21:00 and is within the range of the non-operating time zone [20:00-7:00], the system does not execute the program.
Case III: the volume water content currently displayed is 25.80< lower threshold 26.00; nitrogen content 178< lower threshold 180, phosphorus content 22< lower threshold 23, potassium content 208< lower threshold 210; judging whether the environmental temperature is suitable for watering;
if the current environment temperature is higher than the threshold value of 30 ℃, the system does not execute the program;
if the current environment temperature is 29 ℃ and less than the threshold value of 30 ℃, judging whether the low water levels of the liquid level detectors in the water storage barrel and the liquid storage barrel alarm or not;
as long as the water storage low water level alarm is started, no matter whether the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium low water level is started or not, the system does not execute the program;
if the water storage low water level alarm is not started, judging whether the water storage low water level alarm is in the non-working time threshold value as long as any low water level alarm in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is not started;
if the time is 8:00 and is not in the range of the non-operating time threshold value [20:00-7:00], triggering a calculation program;
the program automatically calculates the volume of the output nitrogen fertilizer required for complementing the volume to the upper limit value of the target threshold value
Volume of phosphate fertilizer output
The output volume of the potash fertilizer is
And automatically distributing the water supplementing quantity, particularly, the water supplementing quantity at the moment includes the fertilizer liquid quantity, and the water quantity output for distribution is
Amount of water I for coupling with fertilizerWater fertilizer＝IDistributing waterX 60%: 6.55 x 0.6 ═ 3.93L, and amount of water I used for washing the tubeWashing pipe＝IDistributing waterWhen the multiplied by 40 percent is 6.55 multiplied by 0.4 to 2.62L, the program is calculated, and an instruction is sent to start the water pump 7, the nitrogenous fertilizer pump 13, the phosphate fertilizer pump 18, the potash fertilizer pump 22 and the water-fertilizer circulation electromagnetic valve 26, close the water-fertilizer electromagnetic valve 31 and the water-fertilizer pump 29, when the flow of the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter 10 is monitored to be equal to 3.93L, the flow of the nitrogenous fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 12 is 1.90L, the flow of the phosphate fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 17 is 2.19L and the accumulated flow of the potash fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 21 is 1.75L, the water pump 7, the nitrogenous fertilizer pump 13, the phosphate fertilizer pump 18, the potash fertilizer pump 22 and the water-fertilizer circulation electromagnetic valve 26 are closed, the water-fertilizer electromagnetic valve 31 and the water-fertilizer pump 29 are started, when the error between the accumulated flow of the water-fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 32 and the accumulated flow of the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter 10, the nitrogenous fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 12, the phosphate electromagnetic flowmeter 17 and the potash fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 21 is less than 0.2 percent or when the timer t is more than or than 20s, the accumulated flow of the water-fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter 32 is displayed as 9.75L, the control program sends out an instruction to stop the work of the water and fertilizer pump 29 and the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve 31 and return the corresponding electromagnetic flow meter to zero, the water pump 7 and the water and fertilizer circulation electromagnetic valve 26 are started to flush, when the flow of the water supply electromagnetic flow meter 10 is equal to 2.62L, the control system sends out an instruction to stop the water pump 7, the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve 31 and the water and fertilizer pump 29 are started, and when the error between the accumulated flow of the water and fertilizer electromagnetic flow meter 32 and the water supply electromagnetic flow meter 10 is less than 0.2% or the timer t is more than or equal to 20s, namely the water and fertilizer electromagnetic flow meter 32 displays 2.61L, the water and fertilizer pump 29 is stopped, and the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve 31 and the water and fertilizer circulation electromagnetic valve 26 are closed;
if the time is 21:00 and is within the range of the non-operating time zone [20:00-7:00], the system does not execute the program.
Case IV: the currently displayed volume water content, potassium content and phosphorus content are in the target threshold range, the nitrogen content is 178< the lower threshold 180, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are output together while the nitrogen fertilizer is output, and the method for calculating and executing the water fertilizer supply amount is the same as the case III.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of water, fertilizer and moisture control parameters, in the process of executing a program, if a low water level alarm of a water storage liquid level detector 3 is turned on, the program drives a corresponding pump which is currently working and an electromagnetic valve to be disconnected, a water replenishing electromagnetic valve 2 is turned on to replenish water, when the high water level alarm of the water storage liquid level detector 3 is turned on, the water replenishing electromagnetic valve 2 is turned off, the program is continuously executed, if the program is executing watering and nitrogenous fertilizer application, the low water level alarm of the water storage liquid level detector 3 is turned on, a control program drives a water pump 7 and a nitrogenous fertilizer pump 13 to stop working, the water replenishing electromagnetic valve 2 is turned on to replenish water, and when the high water level alarm of the water storage liquid level detector 3 is turned on, the water replenishing electromagnetic valve 2 is turned off, and the program is continuously executed; if any one of the fertilization liquid level detectors is on with a low alarm, the control system controls the corresponding fertilization pump to be closed, if the nitrogen fertilizer liquid level detector 14 is on with a low alarm, but the phosphate fertilizer liquid level detector 19 and the potash fertilizer liquid level detector 23 are not on with low alarms, the control system sends out an instruction to stop the nitrogen fertilizer pump 12, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potash fertilizer normally run, and when the nitrogen fertilizer liquid level is recovered, the program continues.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A water and fertilizer coupling accurate regulation and control system is characterized by comprising a monitoring unit, a control center and a water and fertilizer coupling device, wherein the monitoring unit is in data communication connection with the control center, a control output end of the control center is connected with a control input end of the water and fertilizer coupling device,
the control center comprises an integrated control cabinet and an SCADA operating platform, and is used for receiving water, nutrients, temperature and humidity and pipe circulation flow information which are monitored by a water sensor, a nutrient sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an electromagnetic flowmeter in real time, analyzing and deciding and controlling the water-fertilizer coupling device to work;
the monitoring unit comprises a water sensor, a nutrient sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an electromagnetic flow meter arranged on the water-fertilizer coupling device, wherein the water sensor, the nutrient sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are used for collecting water and nutrient contents in a matrix of a seedling root zone and temperature and humidity information of a growing environment in real time, and the electromagnetic flow meter is used for collecting the flow of liquid flowing in an upper pipe of the water-fertilizer coupling device;
the water and fertilizer coupling device is used for realizing independent output of fertilizer and a water path and coupled output of water and fertilizer.
2. The water-fertilizer coupling accurate regulation and control system of claim 1, wherein the water sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor and the electromagnetic flow meter are all connected with a data input module of an integrated control cabinet of the control center, and are used for monitoring the water content and the environmental temperature and humidity in the seedling root substrate and the flow of liquid flowing in an upper pipe of the water-fertilizer coupling device in real time; and the nutrient sensor is connected with a data acquisition serial communication management module of an integrated control cabinet of the control center and is used for monitoring the nutrient content in the seedling root matrix in real time.
3. The water-fertilizer coupling accurate regulation and control system of claim 1, wherein the water-fertilizer coupling device is provided with an automatic water-fertilizer coupling module, a water storage bucket, a water source main pipe and a water supply main pipe, the upper end and the lower end of the water storage bucket are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet of the water storage bucket is connected with a water source through the water source main pipe, and the water outlet of the water storage bucket is connected with the water supply main pipe; a first filter and a water replenishing electromagnetic valve are sequentially arranged on the water source main pipe; the water supply main pipe is sequentially provided with a first manual valve, a water pump, a first pressure reducing valve, a water supply electromagnetic flowmeter, a first check valve, an automatic water and fertilizer coupling module, a second check valve, a water and fertilizer coupling tank, a water and fertilizer pump, a second pressure reducing valve, a water and fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter and a second filter in series; the automatic water and fertilizer coupling module comprises a plurality of liquid storage barrels, the liquid storage barrels are communicated with the water supply main pipe through a fertilizer suction pipe, and the fertilizer suction pipe is sequentially provided with a fertilization check valve, a fertilization electromagnetic flowmeter and a fertilization pump from top to bottom.
4. A regulation and control method for a precise seedling raising water and fertilizer supply system comprises the following steps:
s1: automatically resetting all the electromagnetic flow meters after the flow recording is finished every time, and arranging probes of water and nutrient sensors near the root systems of the seedlings;
s2: setting target threshold upper and lower limit parameter values of water and nutrients by an SCADA operating platform of the control center;
s3, the control and calculation module respectively compares the moisture and nutrient information transmitted by the moisture sensor and the nutrient sensor with the upper and lower limit values of the set target threshold value to judge whether irrigation or fertilization is needed; when the moisture sensor and the nutrient sensor monitor that the water content and the nutrient content in the matrix of the seedling root zone are greater than the lower limit values, the operation is not carried out, and when the water content and the nutrient content are less than the lower limit values, S4 is carried out;
s4, judging whether the environment is in accordance with watering, and when the temperature monitored by the temperature sensor is higher than a set value, the temperature sensor does not work; the temperature is lower than the set value and does not work in the watering time; the temperature in the shed is lower than the set value, and the watering time is met, and S5 is carried out;
s5, the control and calculation module respectively calculates the water amount or the fertilizer amount required to be supplemented when the upper limit value of the set water or nutrient target threshold value is reached according to the current water or nutrient content value; if only water is needed to be supplemented and fertilizer application is not needed, S6 is carried out;
s6, judging whether the low water level of the water storage barrel liquid level detector alarms or not, when the low water level alarm is started, the low water level alarm does not work, and when the low water level alarm is not started, the method enters S7;
s7, the control and calculation module issues an instruction to the relay module to control the on of the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve, the water and fertilizer pump and the water pump for watering, the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter measures the irrigation water quantity at every moment and sends the measured irrigation water quantity to the control and calculation module through the data input module, when the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter monitors that the flow circulating in the pipe reaches the required water supplementing quantity, the controller controls the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve, the water and fertilizer pump and the water pump to be closed, meanwhile, whether fertilization is needed or not is judged, and if yes, S8 is carried out;
s8, judging whether the low water level detectors in the liquid storage barrels alarm or not, if the low water level alarms of the liquid level detectors of a plurality of liquid storage barrels are all started, the liquid storage barrels do not work, and if the low water level alarm of any liquid storage barrel is not started, the liquid storage barrel enters S9;
s9, the control and calculation module automatically distributes the water supplement amount into two parts, one part is used for coupling with the fertilizer and outputting, the other part is used for washing the pipe, and the water enters S10 after the distribution is finished;
s10, the control and calculation module issues instructions to control the water pump, the water and fertilizer circulation electromagnetic valve and the fertilization pump on the corresponding liquid storage barrel to be opened, the water and fertilizer pump and the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve are closed, fertilizer liquid in the liquid storage barrel is conveyed into the main water supply pipe through the fertilizer suction pipe to enter the coupling tank along with water to be fully coupled, the fertilization electromagnetic flowmeter and the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter record the flow rate circulating in the pipes and send the flow rate to the control and calculation module, when the control and calculation module monitors the flow rate of the corresponding fertilization electromagnetic flowmeter and the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter, the required fertilizer amount and the water supplement amount, the control and calculation module controls the corresponding fertilization pump, the water and fertilizer circulation electromagnetic valve and the water pump to be disconnected, the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve and the water and fertilizer pump are opened, when the error between the monitored water and fertilizer electromagnetic flowmeter flow rate and the sum of the water supply electromagnetic flowmeter and the accumulated flow rate of the corresponding fertilization electromagnetic flowmeter is less than 0.2%, or the time of the timer is more than or equal to the set value, closing the water and fertilizer pump and the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve, and entering S11;
s11, the control and calculation module sends out an instruction to drive the water pump to work, irrigation water is output to flush the pipe, the flow of the water supply electromagnetic flow is recorded in a timing mode and sent to the control and calculation module, when the control and calculation module monitors that the flow of the water supply electromagnetic flow reaches the required pipe flushing water amount, the water pump is stopped, the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve and the water and fertilizer pump are started, and when the flow error between the flow of the water and fertilizer electromagnetic flow meter and the flow of the water supply electromagnetic flow is smaller than 0.2% or the time is larger than or equal to a set value, the water and fertilizer electromagnetic valve and the water and fertilizer pump are closed; if the control and calculation module judges that only the fertilization needs no irrigation water and the water content is not higher than the upper limit value, repeating S4-S11;
5. the method for controlling a precision seedling raising water and fertilizer supply system according to claim 4, wherein in S7, if the control and calculation module determines that any one of the N, P, and K fertilizers has a content value lower than a target threshold lower limit value and the other fertilizers are within a threshold range, all the fertilizers are output together during fertilization.
6. The method for controlling the precision seedling raising water and fertilizer supply system according to claim 4, wherein in S10, the low water level alarm of the liquid level detector in any liquid storage barrel is turned on, and the control and calculation module controls the fertilization solenoid valve and the fertilization pump on the corresponding liquid storage barrel to be disconnected.
7. The method for regulating and controlling the water and fertilizer supply system for the precision seedling raising as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the process of S6-S11, as long as the low water level alarm of the liquid level detector in the water storage barrel is turned on, the control and calculation module controls the corresponding pump and the electromagnetic valve which are working at present to be turned off, the pump and the electromagnetic valve are stopped working, the water replenishing electromagnetic valve is turned on to replenish water, and when the high water level alarm of the liquid level detector in the water storage barrel is turned on, the water replenishing electromagnetic valve is turned off, and S3-S12 are repeated.
8. The method for controlling a precision seedling raising water and fertilizer supply system according to claim 4, wherein in S5, the water supplementing amount required when the current water and nutrient content value reaches the upper limit value of the target threshold is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, InThe required irrigation quantity or fertilizer quantity is supplemented to the upper limit value of the target threshold value according to the current moisture and nutrient content condition, In-upperThe irrigation quantity or fertilizer quantity required when the water and nutrient of the matrix in the root zone of all tested seedlings reach the upper limit value of the target threshold value, TVupperIs a target ofUpper threshold value, TVcurrent: is the current moisture nutrient content value in the matrix, n: water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;
9. the method for controlling the precision seedling water and fertilizer supply system according to claim 4, wherein the control and calculation module does not need to distribute water supplement amount only when watering is performed but not fertilizing; the amount of water supplement poured when fertilization is needed includes the amount of fertilizer liquid, and in S9, the control and calculation module distributes the amount of water supplement and calculation according to the following formula:
Idispensing＝(Iwater-Inutrient) X distribution coefficient.
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| CN114521377A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-05-24 | 贵州大学 | Method for calculating water and fertilizer requirement rule of masson pine seeding based on water and fertilizer regulation |
| CN114521377B (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-09-02 | 贵州大学 | Method for calculating water and fertilizer requirement rule of masson pine seeding based on water and fertilizer regulation |
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