CN114938247A - Pulsed light signal detection method for QKD system and receiving end - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
Abstract
The invention discloses a pulsed light signal detection method and a receiving end for a QKD system, which relate to the field of quantum communication.A first single-photon detector is utilized to perform cross-cycle detection on a front pulsed light signal and a rear pulsed light signal in the pulsed light signals; and the second single-photon detector is utilized to perform cross cycle detection on the rear pulse light signal and the front pulse light signal in the pulse light signals, so that the balance between 0 and 1 in the detected pulse light signals can be optimized on the basis of ensuring the code rate, and the safety of the quantum communication system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum communication, in particular to a pulsed light signal detection method and a receiving end for a QKD system.
Background
Time-phase encoding is the mainstream encoding scheme for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems. At present, a receiving end of a QKD system based on time phase encoding generally uses a single or multiple single-photon detectors to detect optical signals and restore the optical signals into pulsed optical signals for subsequent decoding. But when a single-photon detector is used, the code rate is low, and the design requirement on the detector is high. When a plurality of single-photon detectors are used, due to the limitation of the performance of the single-photon detectors, each single-photon detector can only detect a certain single pulse light signal (a front pulse light signal or a rear pulse light signal), and the scheme has the following defects: if the detected pulse optical signal encoding information is unbalanced 0 and 1 (0 or 1 accounts for a large proportion), randomness of the quantum key is reduced, and the security of the quantum communication system is lowered.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a pulsed light signal detection method and a receiving end for a QKD system, which are used for solving the defect of low safety of a quantum communication system caused by unbalanced 0 and 1 in the coded information of the pulsed light signal obtained by detection in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, a pulsed light signal detection method for a QKD system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
performing cross cycle detection on a front pulse optical signal and a rear pulse optical signal in the pulse optical signals by using a first single photon detector;
and performing cross cycle detection on a rear pulse light signal and a front pulse light signal in the pulse light signals by using a second single-photon detector.
As a preferred implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, performing cross-cycle detection on a front pulse optical signal and a back pulse optical signal in pulse optical signals by using a first single-photon detector includes:
and circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector according to a preset first frequency, so that the first single-photon detector can sequentially and circularly detect a front pulse optical signal and a rear pulse optical signal in the pulse optical signals.
As a preferred implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, performing, by using the second single-photon detector, cross-cycle detection on a rear pulse optical signal and a front pulse optical signal in pulse optical signals includes:
and circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector according to a preset second frequency, so that the second single-photon detector can sequentially and circularly detect a rear pulse optical signal and a front pulse optical signal in the pulse optical signals.
As a preferred implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, cyclically adjusting the starting position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector according to the preset first frequency comprises:
and according to a preset first frequency, utilizing a first delayer to adjust the current initial position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector backwards to a position with the same length as the arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
As a preferred implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the cyclically adjusting the start position of the gate signal of the second single-photon detector according to the preset second frequency includes:
and according to a preset second frequency, utilizing a second delayer to forward adjust the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector to a position which is equal to one arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
As a preferred implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, after adjusting the current starting position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector backward by a first time delay according to a preset first frequency by a position as long as an arm length difference delay of the fiber interferometer, the method further includes:
and adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector forwards by using the first delayer according to the preset first frequency to a position with the same length as the arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
As a preferred implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, after adjusting the current starting position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector forward by using a second time delay according to a second frequency set in advance by a length equal to an arm length difference time delay of the fiber interferometer, the method further includes:
and adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector backwards by utilizing the second delayer according to a preset second frequency by a position with the same length as the arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a receiving end for a QKD system, including a light source, a beam splitter, a first single-photon detector, a second single-photon detector, a controller, a first delay, and a second delay, where:
and the first delayer is used for circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector according to the control signal sent by the controller.
And the second delayer is used for circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector according to the control signal sent by the controller.
The controller is configured to execute the pulsed light signal detection method for the QKD system according to the first aspect.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the storage medium stores a computer program for executing the pulsed light signal detection method for a QKD system according to the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes:
a processor;
a memory for storing the processor-executable instructions;
the processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the pulsed light signal detection method for a QKD system according to the first aspect.
The pulse light signal detection method and the receiving end for the QKD system provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
by circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of each single-photon detector, each single-photon detector can perform cross-cycle detection on a front pulse optical signal and a rear pulse optical signal in the pulse optical signals, the balance of 0 and 1 in the pulse optical signal coding information obtained by detection can be optimized on the basis of ensuring the code forming rate, and the safety of a quantum communication system is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a pulsed light signal detection method for a QKD system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a receiving end portion of a QKD system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the pulsed light signal detection method for QKD system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101, a first single photon detector is used for carrying out cross cycle detection on a front pulse light signal and a back pulse light signal in the pulse light signals.
In a possible implementation manner, the step specifically includes:
according to a preset first frequency, the current initial position of the first single-photon detector gate signal is adjusted in a circulating mode, so that the first single-photon detector can sequentially and circularly detect a front pulse light signal and a rear pulse light signal in the pulse light signals.
Specifically, for the condition that 0 and 1 in the pulse light signal coding information obtained by detection under the Z-basis vector are not balanced, the pulse light signals cannot be switched to other detection channels, and cross-cycle detection of the front pulse light signals and the rear pulse light signals can be realized by adjusting the initial positions of the gate control signals of the single photon detectors.
In a possible implementation manner, the cyclically adjusting the current starting position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector according to the preset first frequency specifically includes:
and according to a preset first frequency, a first delayer is utilized to backwards adjust the current initial position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector to a position with the same length as one arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
Specifically, if the first single-photon detector can detect the front pulse optical signal according to the current initial position of the gate control signal of the first single-photon detector, the first single-photon detector can detect the back pulse optical signal after the current initial position of the gate control signal of the first single-photon detector is adjusted backwards to a position equal to one arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
Specifically, the optical fiber interferometer can be an optical fiber interferometer in a transmitting end of the QKD system, and can also be an optical fiber interferometer in a receiving end of the QKD system.
When the initial position of the gate control signal of the first single-photon detector is aligned with a front pulse light signal in a pulse light signal, the initial position of the gate control signal of the second single-photon detector is aligned with a rear pulse light signal in the pulse light signal; when the initial position of the gate control signal of the first single-photon detector is aligned with the rear pulse light signal in the pulse light signals, the initial position of the gate control signal of the second single-photon detector is aligned with the front pulse light signal in the pulse light signals.
In a possible implementation manner, after adjusting the current starting position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector backward by a position equal to an arm length difference delay of the fiber interferometer by using a first delay according to a preset first frequency, the method further includes:
and adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector forwards by using the first delayer according to the preset first frequency by a position with the same length as the arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
Specifically, if the first single-photon detector can detect the back pulse light signal according to the current initial position of the gate control signal of the first single-photon detector, the first single-photon detector can detect the front pulse light signal again after the current initial position of the gate control signal of the first single-photon detector is adjusted forward by a position equal to one arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer. The first single-photon detector can be used for realizing the reconversion of the pulse light signal detection, and the reconversion is sequentially repeated, so that the first single-photon detector can be used for performing cross cycle detection on the front pulse light signal and the rear pulse light signal.
And S102, performing cross cycle detection on a rear pulse light signal and a front pulse light signal in the pulse light signals by using a second single-photon detector.
In a possible implementation manner, the step specifically includes:
and circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector according to a preset second frequency, so that the second single-photon detector can sequentially and circularly detect a rear pulse optical signal and a front pulse optical signal in the pulse optical signals.
In one possible implementation, cyclically adjusting the starting position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector according to a preset second frequency comprises:
and according to a preset second frequency, utilizing a second delayer to forward adjust the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector to a position which is equal to one arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
Specifically, if the second single-photon detector can detect the back pulse light signal according to the current initial position of the gate control signal of the second single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector can detect the front pulse light signal after the current initial position of the gate control signal of the second single-photon detector is adjusted forward by a position equal to one arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
In a possible implementation manner, after adjusting the current starting position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector forward by using a second time delay according to a second preset frequency by a position equal to an arm length difference time delay of the fiber interferometer, the method further includes:
and adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector backwards by using the second delayer according to a preset second frequency by the same length as the arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
Specifically, if the second single-photon detector can detect the front pulse light signal according to the current initial position of the gate control signal of the second single-photon detector, after the current initial position of the gate control signal of the second single-photon detector is adjusted backwards to a position with the same length as an arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer, the second single-photon detector can detect the rear pulse light signal again, so that the second single-photon detector can convert the pulse light signal again for detection, and the operation is repeated in sequence, so that the second single-photon detector can perform cross cycle detection on the rear pulse light signal and the front pulse light signal.
In particular, the first frequency and the second frequency are equal in value.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a receiving end for a QKD system, where the receiving end includes a light source, a beam splitter, a first single-photon detector, a second single-photon detector, a controller, a first delay, and a second delay, where:
and the first delayer is used for circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector according to the control signal sent by the controller.
And the second delayer is used for circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector according to the control signal sent by the controller.
A controller for performing the pulsed light signal detection method for a QKD system described in embodiment 1.
Specifically, the controller can be a single chip microcomputer, or can be an FPGA or an upper computer, and the first delayer and the second delayer are delay chips.
Example 3
Fig. 3 is a structure of an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the electronic device may be either or both of the first device and the second device, or a stand-alone device separate from them, which may communicate with the first device and the second device to receive the collected input signals therefrom. FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with a disclosed embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 3, the electronic device includes one or more processors 401 and memory 402.
The processor 401 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit having pervasive data processing capability and/or instruction execution capability and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions.
The input device 403 may also include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, and the like.
The output device 404 can output various information to the outside. The output devices 404 may include, for example, a display, speakers, a printer, and a communication network and its connected remote output devices, among others.
Of course, for simplicity, only some of the components of the electronic device relevant to the present disclosure are shown in fig. 3, omitting components such as buses, input/output interfaces, and the like. In addition, the electronic device may include any other suitable components, depending on the particular application.
Example 4
In addition to the above-described methods and apparatus, embodiments of the present disclosure may also be a computer program product comprising computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the methods of infiltration data annotation, encapsulation, and retrieval according to various embodiments of the present disclosure described in the "exemplary methods" section of this specification above.
The computer program product may write program code for performing the operations of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device and partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server.
Furthermore, embodiments of the present disclosure may also be a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the methods of infiltration data annotation, encapsulation, and retrieval according to various embodiments of the present disclosure described in the "exemplary methods" section above of this specification.
The computer-readable storage medium may utilize any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may include, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The foregoing describes the general principles of the present disclosure in conjunction with specific embodiments, however, it is noted that the advantages, effects, etc. mentioned in the present disclosure are merely examples and are not limiting, and they should not be considered essential to the various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the foregoing disclosure of specific details is for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be limiting, since the invention is not disclosed in any way as necessarily requiring implementation of such specific details.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system embodiment, since it basically corresponds to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, systems involved in the disclosure of the present invention are only given as illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the connections, arrangements, configurations, etc. must be made in the manner shown in the block diagrams. These devices, apparatuses, devices, systems may be connected, arranged, configured in any manner, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Words such as "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are open-ended words that mean "including, but not limited to," and are used interchangeably therewith. The words "or" and "as used herein mean, and are used interchangeably with, the word" and/or, "unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The word "such as" is used herein to mean, and is used interchangeably with, the phrase "such as but not limited to".
The disclosed methods and apparatus may be implemented in a number of ways. For example, the methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above-described order for the steps of the method is for illustrative purposes only, and the steps of the method disclosed herein are not limited to the order specifically described above unless specifically indicated otherwise. Further, in some embodiments, the present disclosure may also be embodied as a program recorded in a recording medium, the program including machine-readable instructions for implementing a method according to the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure also covers a recording medium storing a program for executing the method according to the present disclosure.
It is also noted that in the devices, apparatus and methods disclosed herein, each element or step can be broken down and/or re-combined. Such decomposition and/or recombination should be considered equivalents of the present disclosure. The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit the disclosed embodiments to the form disclosed herein. While a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, adaptations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.
It will be appreciated that the relevant features of the method and apparatus described above are referred to one another. In addition, "first", "second", and the like in the above embodiments are used to distinguish the embodiments, and do not represent merits of the embodiments.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pulsed light signal detection method for a QKD system, comprising the steps of:
performing cross cycle detection on a front pulse light signal and a rear pulse light signal in the pulse light signals by using a first single-photon detector;
and performing cross cycle detection on a rear pulse light signal and a front pulse light signal in the pulse light signals by using a second single-photon detector.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cross-cycle detection of the pre-pulse light signal and the post-pulse light signal in the pulsed light signal with the first single-photon detector comprises:
and circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector according to a preset first frequency, so that the first single-photon detector can sequentially and circularly detect a front pulse optical signal and a rear pulse optical signal in the pulse optical signals.
3. The pulsed light signal detection method for a QKD system according to claim 1, wherein the cross-cycle detection of the post-pulsed light signal and the pre-pulsed light signal in the pulsed light signal by the second single-photon detector comprises:
and circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector according to a preset second frequency, so that the second single-photon detector can sequentially and circularly detect a rear pulse optical signal and a front pulse optical signal in the pulse optical signals.
4. The pulsed light signal detection method for a QKD system according to claim 2, wherein cyclically adjusting the starting position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector according to the preset first frequency comprises:
and according to a preset first frequency, a first delayer is utilized to backwards adjust the current initial position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector to a position with the same length as one arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
5. The method of pulsed light signal detection for a QKD system according to claim 3, wherein cyclically adjusting the starting position of the second single-photon detector gate signal according to a predetermined second frequency comprises:
and according to a preset second frequency, utilizing a second delayer to forward adjust the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector to a position which is equal to one arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein after adjusting the current start position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector back by a first delay according to the predetermined first frequency by a length equal to an arm length difference delay of the fiber interferometer, the method further comprises:
and adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector forwards by using the first delayer according to the preset first frequency to a position with the same length as the arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein after adjusting the current start position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector forward by a second delay according to a second predetermined frequency by a length equal to an arm length difference delay of the fiber interferometer, the method further comprises:
and adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector backwards by utilizing the second delayer according to a preset second frequency by a position with the same length as the arm length difference delay of the optical fiber interferometer.
8. A receiving end for QKD system, includes light source, beam splitter, first single-photon detector and second single-photon detector, its characterized in that still includes:
the first delayer is used for circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the first single-photon detector according to a control signal sent by the controller;
the second delayer is used for circularly adjusting the current initial position of the gating signal of the second single-photon detector according to the control signal sent by the controller;
the controller for performing the pulsed light signal detection method for a QKD system according to any of claims 1-7 above.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium stores a computer program for executing the pulsed light signal detection method for a QKD system according to any of claims 1-7.
10. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises:
a processor;
a memory for storing the processor-executable instructions;
the processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the pulsed light signal detection method for a QKD system according to any of claims 1-7.
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| JP2007221583A (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-30 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Quantum cryptography key distribution unit, and method for detecting wiretapped key information |
| US20160352515A1 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2016-12-01 | Darius Bunandar | Apparatus and methods for quantum key distribution |
| US20210021352A1 (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2021-01-21 | Nec Corporation | Drive-timing adjustment method and device for a photon detector, and optical communication system |
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