CN114937401A - Hydrodynamics experiment system and method for eliminating liquid jet total reflection area - Google Patents
Hydrodynamics experiment system and method for eliminating liquid jet total reflection area Download PDFInfo
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- CN114937401A CN114937401A CN202210488828.0A CN202210488828A CN114937401A CN 114937401 A CN114937401 A CN 114937401A CN 202210488828 A CN202210488828 A CN 202210488828A CN 114937401 A CN114937401 A CN 114937401A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fluid mechanics experiment system and method for eliminating liquid jet total reflection area, the experiment system includes: the device comprises a background light source, a condensing lens, a light homogenizing plate, a liquid jet flow generating device and a micro/high-speed imaging device; the background light source, the condensing lens, the light homogenizing plate, the liquid jet flow generating device and the micro/high-speed imaging device are sequentially arranged and installed at the top of the optical platform, and the background light source, the condensing lens, the light homogenizing plate and the micro/high-speed imaging device are coaxial; the condensing lens is close to the background light source, and the light homogenizing plate is close to the liquid jet device. The experimental system is convenient to adjust, can eliminate total reflection of the liquid jet flow, and has a good observation effect on bubble particles in the liquid jet flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical experimental instruments, in particular to a hydrodynamics experimental system and an experimental method for eliminating a liquid jet total reflection area.
Background
The research on the fracture behavior of the free liquid jet is one of the important research contents of hydrodynamics, and particularly provides great help for explaining the atomization mechanism. During the course of the study, sometimes the liquid under study is not a homogeneous substance, but rather particles, either solid or gas bubbles, are added. After the particles are added, the physicochemical properties of the liquid can be changed, and the cracking behavior of the jet flow is further influenced. In conventional free jet break up experiments, in order to observe some microscopic, rapid behavior of the liquid jet, the subject is typically a very fine liquid jet, and therefore a microscope lens and a high speed camera must be employed. Since the exposure time for high-speed photography is extremely short, it is necessary to illuminate with very bright background light. However, the curvature of the section of the thin jet flow is very large, and background light cannot penetrate through the jet flow and is captured by a camera due to total reflection in a large range, so that shot jet flow presents the appearance that a small part of the center is bright and most of the two sides are black. If only the behavior of the jet interface is studied, the black areas formed by total reflection can increase the contrast of the boundary, which is advantageous; however, the large total reflection area causes difficulty in studying jet internal information.
The total reflection means that when the light enters the light-thinning medium from the optically dense medium, the light is totally reflected and cannot enter the light-thinning medium when the incident angle increases to a certain degree. In the free liquid jet experiment, the optically dense medium is air and the optically sparse medium is liquid. Since the liquid jet is circular in cross-section and very small in radius, the background light can be approximately parallel incidence. In this case, it is inevitable that the incident angle is larger than the critical angle of total reflection at the jet surface, and the smaller the jet diameter and the larger the curvature, the larger the total reflection area occupation ratio. If the light intensity is increased, the total reflection cannot be eliminated.
Therefore, it is an urgent need to solve the problems of the art to develop a hydrodynamics experimental system and an experimental method for eliminating the total reflection area of the liquid jet, which are convenient to adjust and have a good bubble particle observation effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a hydrodynamics experiment system and an experiment method for eliminating a liquid jet total reflection area, which are convenient to adjust and have a good bubble particle observation effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
fluid mechanics experimental system of eliminating liquid efflux total reflection region includes: the device comprises a background light source, a condensing lens, a light homogenizing plate, a liquid jet flow generating device and a micro/high-speed imaging device;
the background light source, the condensing lens, the light homogenizing plate, the liquid jet flow generating device and the micro/high-speed imaging device are sequentially arranged and installed at the top of the optical platform, and the background light source, the condensing lens, the light homogenizing plate and the micro/high-speed imaging device are coaxial; the condensing lens is close to the background light source, and the light homogenizing plate is close to the liquid jet device.
The technical scheme has the advantages that the direction of the illumination light can be changed through the scattering effect of the light homogenizing plate, the light of the background light source is scattered on the light homogenizing plate after being condensed by the condensing lens, the direction of the light is changed, the light is emitted towards the center of the liquid jet as far as possible, the total reflection area of the liquid jet can be effectively eliminated, and the dynamic behavior of gas particles in the liquid jet can be better observed; meanwhile, the arrangement of the condensing lens can lead the light to be converged on the dodging plate, and can compensate the light intensity loss caused by the dodging plate.
Preferably, the top of the optical platform is provided with a liquid collecting device, and the liquid collecting device is arranged right below the liquid jet generating device. The liquid collecting device can collect the liquid that flows down, avoids liquid to drip and causes the influence to other parts on optical platform.
Preferably, the liquid jet generating device comprises: a syringe pump and a fine nozzle, where a liquid jet with a diameter of 0.8mm is issued.
Preferably, the micro/high speed imaging device comprises: the microscope and the high-speed camera are fixedly arranged side by side, and the microscope is arranged between the high-speed camera and the fine nozzle. The high-speed camera shoots the liquid jet through the microscope, can be clear shoot the inside gas particle of liquid jet, be more convenient for carry out more accurate observation to the dynamics action of the inside gas particle of liquid jet.
Preferably, the condensing lens is a convex lens, and the diameter of the condensing lens is larger than that of the background light source. The condensing lens is close to the background light source and has a diameter larger than that of the background light source, so that the condensing lens can capture more light rays.
Preferably, the distance between the condenser lens and the dodging plate is the focal length of the condenser lens. The distance between the condensing lens and the dodging plate can realize maximum condensing.
Preferably, the distance between the light homogenizing plate and the fine nozzle is 0.5-1.5 mm.
The experimental method of the fluid mechanics experimental system for eliminating the total reflection area of the liquid jet flow comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a liquid containing bubble particles, and injecting the liquid into a syringe pump;
2) starting a background light source and a high-speed camera, adjusting the light homogenizing plate and the fine nozzle to be 0.5-1.5 mm, converging light of the background light source on the light homogenizing plate through a condensing lens, and adjusting the distance between the condensing lens and the light homogenizing plate to enable light spots on the light homogenizing plate to be minimum and brightest;
3) starting an injection pump, forming a liquid jet with the diameter of 0.8mm and containing bubble particles at an outlet of the fine nozzle, and simultaneously shooting a plurality of instantaneous photos of the illuminated liquid jet containing the bubble particles through a microscope by utilizing a high-speed camera;
and storing the shot picture, and observing the form and the movement of the bubble particles in the liquid jet flow and further analyzing and processing the bubble particles.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the light homogenizing plate and the condensing lens are additionally arranged, and the distances between the light homogenizing plate and the condensing lens and between the light homogenizing plate and the liquid jet are adjusted, so that the light rays are irradiated towards the center of the liquid jet as far as possible after passing through the light homogenizing plate, a black area formed by total reflection is basically eliminated, and a good observation condition is provided for researching the movement of gas particles in the liquid jet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a fluid mechanics experiment system and an experiment method for eliminating the total reflection area of the liquid jet, and the fluid mechanics experiment system and the experiment method have the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the invention, after light of a background light source is condensed by a condenser lens, the light is scattered on a light homogenizing plate, and the direction of the light is changed, so that the light is emitted towards the center of the liquid jet as far as possible, the total reflection area of the liquid jet can be effectively eliminated, and the dynamic behavior of gas particles in the liquid jet can be better observed;
(2) through the distance between adjustment background light source and the condensing lens to and the big or small relation of the two, can be so that condensing lens catches more light, adjust the distance of condensing lens and even light board, can realize at utmost spotlight, can make high-speed camera catch the form of the inside gas granule of more sharp liquid jet, and this experimental system structure is comparatively simple, and the distance between each part is convenient for adjust.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a light path for total reflection according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an optical path diagram of an experimental system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a light path diagram of the light uniformizing plate of FIG. 3 provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an imaging diagram obtained by total reflection of liquid jet in a conventional experimental system provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is an imaging diagram obtained after the total reflection of the liquid jet is eliminated by the experimental system provided by the invention.
Wherein, in the figure,
1-background light source; 2-a condenser lens; 3-homogenizing a light plate; 4-microscopic/high-speed imaging devices; 5-liquidsA collection device; 6-fine nozzle; 7-liquid jet; 8-parallel incident rays; 9-light with incident angle greater than critical angle for total reflection; 10-light incident on the liquid at an angle less than the critical angle; 11-light through the liquid jet is captured by a micro/high speed imaging device; theta c -critical angle of total reflection; an angle of refraction; α' -the angle of incidence of the light as it exits the liquid into the gaseous environment; angle of departure of the beta ray from the liquid to the gaseous environment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a hydrodynamics experimental system for eliminating a liquid jet total reflection area, which comprises: the device comprises a background light source 1, a condensing lens 2, a light homogenizing plate 3, a liquid jet flow generating device and a micro/high-speed imaging device 4;
the background light source 1, the condensing lens 2, the light homogenizing plate 3, the liquid jet generating device and the micro/high-speed imaging device 4 are sequentially arranged at the top of the optical platform, and the background light source 1, the condensing lens 2, the light homogenizing plate 3 and the micro/high-speed imaging device 4 are coaxial; the condenser lens 2 is close to the background light source 1, and the dodging plate 3 is close to the liquid jet device. The light homogenizing plate 3 has a weakening effect on light intensity, and the micro/high-speed imaging device has a harsh requirement on light intensity, so that the condensing lens 2 is arranged in front of the light homogenizing plate 3 to condense light rays and increase the light intensity so as to compensate the light intensity loss caused by the light homogenizing plate 3.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, a liquid collecting device 5 is arranged on the top of the optical platform, and the liquid collecting device 5 is placed right below the liquid jet generating device.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the liquid jet generating device comprises: a syringe pump and a fine nozzle 6, at which fine nozzle 6 a liquid jet 7 with a diameter of 0.8mm issues. The syringe pump is fixed on top of the fine nozzle 6, the structure of which is not shown in fig. 2.
In order to further optimize the above solution, the micro/high speed imaging device 4 comprises: the microscope and the high-speed camera are fixedly arranged side by side, and the microscope is arranged between the high-speed camera and the fine nozzle 6.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the condensing lens 2 is a convex lens, and the diameter of the condensing lens 2 is larger than that of the background light source 1.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the distance between the condenser lens 2 and the dodging plate 3 is determined by: light generated by the background light source 1 is converged on the light uniformizing plate 3 through the condensing lens 2 to generate light spots with a certain size, and the light is scattered by the light uniformizing plate 3 to illuminate the liquid jet 7. As shown in fig. 3, the distance between the condenser lens 2 and the light uniformizing plate 3 is L, the spot diameter on the light uniformizing plate 3 is D, and the incident light generated by the background light source 1 is assumed to be parallel, and the incident light diameter is D. The condenser lens 2 has a focal length f. In order to make the light incident from all directions as possible, the light homogenizing plate 3 needs to be close enough to the liquid jet 7; and the spot on the light homogenizing plate 3 is at least 10 times larger than the diameter of the liquid jet 7, but should not be too large to lose light intensity. In this embodiment, the spot diameter is 10 times the jet diameter, i.e. d is 8mm, the focal length of the condensing lens is 150mm, and the incident light diameter is 100 mm. From this, the distance L between the condenser lens 2 and the dodging plate 3 was calculated as (1-D/D) and f as 138 mm. In the actual process, the background light source 1 generates not completely parallel light but has a certain divergence angle, so that the distance between the condensing lens 2 and the light homogenizing plate 3 is adjusted to be slightly larger than the calculation result until the diameter of the light spot on the light homogenizing plate 3 meets the requirement. After passing through the light homogenizing plate 3, the light can be considered to be a large number of point light sources, the light is emitted towards all directions, the light of the point light sources enters the liquid jet flow 7 at different angles, and then enters the micro/high-speed imaging device 4 for imaging.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the distance between the light homogenizing plate 3 and the fine nozzle 6 is 0.5-1.5 mm. The distance between the light homogenizing plate 3 and the fine nozzle 6 is required to be as close as possible under the condition that liquid is not attached to the light homogenizing plate 3, and the elimination effect of the total reflection area is influenced by too far distance.
The experimental method of the fluid mechanics experimental system for eliminating the total reflection area of the liquid jet flow comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a liquid containing bubble particles, and injecting the liquid into a syringe pump;
2) starting a background light source 1 and a high-speed camera, adjusting the light homogenizing plate 3 and the fine nozzle 6 to be 1mm, converging light of the background light source 1 on the light homogenizing plate 3 through a condensing lens 2, and adjusting the distance between the condensing lens 2 and the light homogenizing plate 3 to enable light spots on the light homogenizing plate 3 to be minimum and brightest;
3) starting an injection pump, forming a liquid jet 7 which has the diameter of 0.8mm and contains bubble particles at the outlet of the fine nozzle 6, and simultaneously shooting a plurality of instantaneous photos of the illuminated liquid jet 7 containing the bubble particles through a microscope by utilizing a high-speed camera;
4) the shot pictures are saved, and the form and the movement of the bubble particles inside the liquid jet 7 are observed and further analyzed and processed.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. Fluid mechanics experimental system of liquid efflux total reflection region of elimination, its characterized in that includes: the device comprises a background light source (1), a condensing lens (2), a light homogenizing plate (3), a liquid jet generating device and a micro/high-speed imaging device (4);
the background light source (1), the condensing lens (2), the light homogenizing plate (3), the liquid jet generating device and the micro/high-speed imaging device (4) are sequentially arranged and installed at the top of the optical platform, and the background light source (1), the condensing lens (2), the light homogenizing plate (3) and the micro/high-speed imaging device (4) are coaxial; the condensing lens (2) is close to the background light source (1), and the light homogenizing plate (3) is close to the liquid jet device.
2. The hydromechanical experimental system for eliminating the total reflection area of a liquid jet according to claim 1, wherein the top of the optical platform is provided with a liquid collecting device (5), and the liquid collecting device (5) is arranged right below the liquid jet generating device.
3. A hydrodynamic test system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said liquid jet generating means comprise: a syringe pump and a fine nozzle (6), a liquid jet (7) with the diameter of 0.8mm flows out of the fine nozzle (6).
4. Hydrodynamic test system for eliminating the total reflection area of a liquid jet according to claim 1, characterized in that the microscopic/high-speed imaging device (4) comprises: the microscope and the high-speed camera are fixedly arranged side by side, and the microscope is arranged between the high-speed camera and the fine nozzle (6).
5. The hydromechanical experimental system for eliminating the total reflection area of the liquid jet according to claim 1, wherein the condensing lens (2) is a convex lens, and the diameter of the condensing lens (2) is larger than that of the background light source (1).
6. The hydromechanical experimental system for eliminating the total reflection area of a liquid jet according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the condensing lens (2) and the dodging plate (3) is the focal length of the condensing lens (2).
7. The hydromechanical experimental system for eliminating the total reflection area of the liquid jet according to claim 3, wherein the distance between the light homogenizing plate (3) and the fine nozzle (6) is 0.5-1.5 mm.
8. The experimental method of the fluid mechanics experimental system for eliminating the total reflection area of the liquid jet is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) preparing a liquid containing bubble particles, and injecting the liquid into a syringe pump;
2) starting a background light source (1) and a high-speed camera, adjusting the light homogenizing plate (3) and the fine nozzle (6) to be 0.5-1.5 mm, converging light of the background light source (1) on the light homogenizing plate (3) through a condensing lens (2), and adjusting the distance between the condensing lens (2) and the light homogenizing plate (3) to enable light spots on the light homogenizing plate (3) to be minimum and brightest;
3) starting the injection pump, forming a liquid jet (7) which has the diameter of 0.8mm and contains bubble particles at the outlet of the fine nozzle (6), and simultaneously taking a plurality of instantaneous photos of the illuminated liquid jet (7) containing the bubble particles through a microscope by utilizing a high-speed camera;
4) the shot pictures are saved, and the form and the movement of the bubble particles in the liquid jet (7) are observed and further analyzed and processed.
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