CN114934748A - Hydraulically-controlled air drilling hole digging device and construction method - Google Patents
Hydraulically-controlled air drilling hole digging device and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114934748A CN114934748A CN202210562132.8A CN202210562132A CN114934748A CN 114934748 A CN114934748 A CN 114934748A CN 202210562132 A CN202210562132 A CN 202210562132A CN 114934748 A CN114934748 A CN 114934748A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
- E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
- E21B10/322—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools cutter shifted by fluid pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a hydraulic control air drilling hole digging device and a construction method thereof. The construction method adopts high-pressure water to control the opening and closing movement of the blades, and adopts compressed air to carry out drilling construction and cave digging construction. The hydraulically controlled air drilling hole digging device can meet the hole digging requirement in air drilling construction, an effective hole digging and permeability increasing scheme is provided for soft low-permeability coal beds and other strata which are not suitable for clear water drilling, and the gas extraction efficiency of the soft low-permeability coal beds is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground hole digging and drilling of coal mines, relates to a hole digging device, and particularly relates to a hydraulically-controlled air hole digging device and a construction method.
Background
In order to solve the problem of low gas extraction efficiency of a low-permeability coal seam, a hole digging and drilling method is commonly adopted at present, namely, a hole is drilled from a top floor roadway of the coal seam, hole digging construction is carried out, hole digging construction can increase the diameter of a drilled hole of a coal seam section on the premise of not increasing the diameter of the drilled hole of the top floor rock layer section, and the gas extraction efficiency is improved.
The hole digging device adopted at present mainly realizes the hole digging and drilling of coal seam sections by changing the flow of flushing fluid through an orifice to control the opening and closing of blades of the hole digging device. Chinese patent No. CN210217825U discloses a hydraulic and mechanical integrated diameter-variable cave-making device in coal seam, which controls the opening and closing of a mechanical arm to cut the coal seam by changing the amount of liquid pumped from an orifice, so as to realize cave-digging construction of the coal seam. The device forms two independent water paths by matching a two-channel water feeder and a two-channel drill rod, and then controls the opening and closing of the blade through one water path, solves the problem of instability of opening and closing of the blade by flow control, but needs to be provided with a special two-channel drill rod and a water feeder in the using process.
The existing hole digging and drilling method usually adopts liquid to drill, but because a coal seam is soft, the phenomenon that a drill bit is stuck to drill is easy to occur when the liquid is adopted to drill, and in addition, if the water pressure is too high, the stability of the hole wall can be damaged. With the development of soft coal drilling technology, non-water-based flushing medium drilling construction methods such as air drilling, foam drilling and the like are widely applied to soft coal seam drilling, and good application effects are obtained. However, in the air drilling construction, the hole digging device in the prior art is difficult to meet the hole digging requirement in the air drilling construction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hydraulically-controlled air drilling hole digging device and a construction method, and solve the technical problem that the hole digging device in the prior art cannot meet the hole digging requirement in air drilling construction.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole digging device comprises a drill rod connector, a shell assembly and a drill bit connector which are sequentially connected from back to front;
the shell assembly comprises a main shell, two axial ends of the main shell are both open, a drill rod connector is arranged in the rear end of the main shell in the axial direction, and a drill bit connector is arranged in the front end of the main shell in the axial direction;
the space enclosed by the main shell and the rear end face of the drill bit connector is a central channel; a first step and a second step are sequentially arranged on the inner wall of the main shell from back to front, a central channel between the axial rear end of the main shell and the first step is a control assembly mounting cavity, and a flow distribution piece and a control assembly are sequentially arranged in the control assembly mounting cavity from back to front; a central channel between the first step and the second step is a recoil spring mounting cavity, and a recoil spring is arranged in the recoil spring mounting cavity; a central channel between the second step and the rear end face of the drill bit connector is a blade mounting cavity, and a plurality of pairs of blades are arranged in the blade mounting cavity;
the control component mounting cavity is internally provided with an axial rear end of the piston assembly, and an axial front end of the piston assembly penetrates through the recoil spring mounting cavity and extends into the blade mounting cavity; the control component and the recoil spring are coaxially sleeved outside the piston assembly;
the axial rear end of the piston assembly is internally provided with a flow distribution piece, the axial front end of the piston assembly is movably provided with a plurality of pairs of axial rear ends of the blades, and the blades can be opened and closed and extend out of blade extending openings arranged at two sides of the blade mounting cavity;
the control component can rotate around the piston assembly; the blade and piston assembly being movable as a unit in the central passage in the axial direction;
a shell shaft shoulder is arranged on the outer wall of the axial rear part of the main shell, a pair of symmetrically arranged side road grooves are formed in the outer wall of the main shell, an end cover is hermetically covered on the side road grooves, the axial rear end of the end cover is fixedly arranged at the shell shaft shoulder, and the axial front end of the end cover is fixedly arranged at the axial rear end of the drill bit connector;
a pair of rear water holes are formed in the inner wall of the rear end of the main shell in the axial direction, and a pair of front water holes are formed in the inner wall of the front end of the main shell in the axial direction; the flow distribution piece is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped flow distribution holes; the space in the drill rod connector is a rear end cavity, and the rear end cavity is communicated with the side channel groove through the fan-shaped flow distribution hole and the rear water hole; the space in the drill bit connector is a front end cavity, and the front end cavity is communicated with the side channel groove through a front water hole;
the axial rear end of the piston assembly is open, the axial front end of the piston assembly is closed, a central channel between the piston assembly and the flow distribution piece is a pressure release cavity, and the pressure release cavity is not communicated with the upper path groove, the lower path groove and the front end cavity.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics:
the piston assembly comprises a piston main body, the axial rear end of the piston main body is positioned in the control component mounting cavity, a nozzle is arranged in the axial rear end of the piston main body, and a flow distribution piece is arranged in the nozzle;
the axial front end of the piston main body extends out of the recoil spring mounting cavity, the axial front end of the piston main body is fixedly provided with the axial rear end of the knife wing connecting piece, and the axial front end of the knife wing connecting piece is movably provided with a plurality of pairs of knife wings;
the axial rear end of the piston main body is open, the axial front end of the piston main body is closed, and a central channel between the piston main body and the flow distribution piece is a pressure release cavity.
The outer wall of the piston body is provided with a piston body shaft shoulder, the axial rear end of the recoil spring tightly abuts against the piston body shaft shoulder, and the axial front end of the recoil spring tightly abuts against the second step.
The axial front end of the piston main body is sealed by a slag-proof stop block, and the slag-proof stop block is integrally arranged in the axial front part of the main shell.
The control assembly comprises a pair of rotary cylinder mounting bearings arranged in the control assembly mounting cavity, the outer sides of the rotary cylinder mounting bearings are mounted on the inner wall of the main shell, the inner sides of the rotary cylinder mounting bearings are rotatably provided with rotary cylinders, and the rotary cylinders are sleeved outside the piston assembly; the piston is characterized in that a fold line-shaped control track is formed in the rotary cylinder, a rotary cylinder control pin is arranged in the fold line-shaped control track, and the rotary cylinder control pin is fixedly arranged on the axial rear portion of the piston main body.
The zigzag control track is composed of a plurality of control track units which are repeatedly and sequentially communicated, and each control track unit comprises a first axial channel, a first front folding channel, a first rear folding channel, a second front folding channel, a second axial channel and a second rear folding channel which are sequentially communicated.
The flow distribution piece comprises a flow distribution disc, the flow distribution disc is fixedly arranged in the control component mounting cavity, and a plurality of fan-shaped flow distribution holes are formed in the flow distribution disc;
the axial rear end of a plugging rod is arranged at the center of the flow distribution disc, and the axial front part of the plugging rod extends into the axial rear part of the piston assembly and is tightly contacted with the inner wall of the piston assembly; the central channel between the piston main body and the flow distribution piece is a pressure release cavity.
The flow distribution disc is provided with a plurality of bearing matching struts.
The blade include that movable formula installs the blade main part at piston assembly axial anterior segment, seted up the arc slide in the blade main part, be provided with blade switching control round pin in the arc slide, blade switching control round pin fixed the setting on the anterior inner wall of main housing axial.
The invention also protects a construction method, which adopts the hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole digging device, adopts high-pressure water to control the opening and closing movement of the blades, and adopts compressed air to carry out drilling construction and hole digging construction; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a water feeder, a drill rod, a hydraulic control air drilling and hole digging device and a drill bit are sequentially connected, compressed air is fed into the drill rod through the water feeder, the compressed air sequentially passes through a rear end cavity, a flow distribution piece and a side road groove to enter a front end cavity, and the drill bit is driven to perform drilling construction;
step two, when the drilling construction in the step one is carried out to the specified hole depth or the position of the drilling meeting the coal seam, the drilling construction is stopped, high-pressure water is fed into the drill rod through the water feeder, the high-pressure water drives the piston assembly to move forwards along the axial direction, and then the control assembly is driven to rotate and the blade is driven to be opened;
step three, after the blade in the step two is completely opened, stopping conveying the high-pressure water; compressed air is sent into the drill rod through a water feeder to carry out hole digging construction;
step four, after the hole digging construction in the step three is completed, stopping conveying of compressed air, feeding high-pressure water into the drill rod through the water feeder, and enabling the piston assembly to move forwards along the axial direction under the driving of the high-pressure water; then stopping conveying high-pressure water, and enabling the piston assembly to rebound backwards along the axial direction under the driving of a recoil spring so as to drive the control assembly to rotate and close the blade;
and step five, after the blade in the step four is completely closed, lifting the drill to finish construction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the air drilling and hole digging device with the hydraulic construction control function realizes the control of the opening and closing states of the cutter wings through the cooperation of the piston assembly, the control assembly and the recoil spring; through the structural design of the shell assembly and the cooperation with the piston assembly and the flow distribution piece, an air flow passage is provided for compressed air. The air drilling hole digging device with the hydraulic construction control function can meet the hole digging requirement in air drilling construction through the design.
According to the construction method, high-pressure water is adopted to control the opening and closing movement of the cutter blades, and compressed air is adopted to carry out drilling construction and hole digging construction.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole digging device.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a hydraulically controlled air drilling coring device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the housing assembly.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the control assembly.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the piston assembly.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a flow distributor.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the flow distribution member.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a dog-leg control track.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a blade.
The meaning of the individual reference symbols in the figures is: 1-a drill rod connector, 2-a shell assembly, 3-a drill bit connector, 4-a central channel, 5-a control component, 6-a recoil spring, 7-a piston assembly, 8-a flow distribution piece, 9-a blade, 10-a side channel, 11-a rear end cavity, 12-a front end cavity, 13-a slag-proof stop block and 14-a pin shaft;
201-main shell, 202-first step, 203-second step, 204-blade extension port, 205-shell shaft shoulder, 206-end cover, 207-rear water hole, 208-front water hole, and 209-blade opening and closing control pin;
401-control component installation cavity, 402-recoil spring installation cavity, 403-blade installation cavity, 404-pressure relief cavity;
501-a bearing is arranged on a rotary cylinder, 502-the rotary cylinder and 503-a fold line-shaped control track;
701-piston body, 702-nozzle, 703-blade connection, 704-piston body shoulder, 705-rotary cylinder control pin, 706-connection screw;
801-a fan-shaped flow distribution hole, 802-a flow distribution disc, 803-a plugging rod and 804-a bearing matching support;
901-blade body, 902-arc slideway, 903-blade mounting hole;
50301-first axial lane, 50302-first forward fold, 50303-first rearward fold, 50304-second forward fold, 50305-second axial lane, 50306-second rearward fold.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that all the components used in the present invention are known in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a hydraulic control air drilling and hole digging device, which comprises a drill rod connector 1, a shell assembly 2 and a drill bit connector 3 which are sequentially connected from back to front as shown in figures 1 to 9.
The housing assembly 2 comprises a main housing 201, both axial ends of the main housing 201 are open, a drill rod connector 1 is installed in the axial rear end of the main housing 201, and a drill bit connector 3 is installed in the axial front end of the main housing 201.
The space enclosed by the main shell 201 and the rear end face of the drill bit connector 3 is a central channel 4; a first step 202 and a second step 203 are sequentially arranged on the inner wall of the main shell 201 from back to front, a central channel 4 between the axial rear end of the main shell 201 and the first step 202 is a control component mounting cavity 401, and a flow distribution piece 8 and a control component 5 are sequentially arranged in the control component mounting cavity 401 from back to front; a central channel 4 between the first step 202 and the second step 203 is a recoil spring mounting cavity 402, and a recoil spring 6 is arranged in the recoil spring mounting cavity 402; the central passage 4 between the second step 203 and the rear end face of the drill bit connector 3 is a blade mounting cavity 403, and a plurality of pairs of blades 9 are arranged in the blade mounting cavity 403.
The control component mounting cavity 401 is also internally provided with the axial rear end of the piston assembly 7, and the axial front end of the piston assembly 7 penetrates through the recoil spring mounting cavity 402 and extends into the blade mounting cavity 403; the control component 5 and the recoil spring 6 are coaxially sleeved outside the piston assembly 7.
A flow distribution piece 8 is arranged in the axial rear end of the piston assembly 7, a plurality of pairs of axial rear ends of the blades 9 are movably arranged on the axial front end of the piston assembly 7, and the blades 9 can be opened and closed and extend out of blade extending openings 204 arranged at two sides of the blade mounting cavity 403;
the control assembly 5 is capable of rotational movement about the piston assembly 7; the blades 9 and the piston assembly 7 can move as a whole in the central channel 4 in the axial direction.
A casing shaft shoulder 205 is arranged on the outer wall of the axial rear part of the main casing 201, a pair of side road grooves 10 which are symmetrically distributed are arranged on the outer wall of the main casing 201, an end cover 206 is hermetically covered on the side road grooves 10, the axial rear end of the end cover 206 is fixedly arranged at the casing shaft shoulder 205, and the axial front end of the end cover 206 is fixedly arranged at the axial rear end of the drill bit connector 3.
A pair of rear water holes 207 are formed in the inner wall of the rear end of the main shell 201 in the axial direction, and a pair of front water holes 208 are formed in the inner wall of the front end of the main shell 201 in the axial direction; the flow distribution piece 8 is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped flow distribution holes 801; the space in the drill rod connector 1 is a rear end cavity 11, and the rear end cavity 11 is communicated with the side channel 10 through a fan-shaped flow distribution hole 801 and a rear water hole 207; the space in the drill bit connector 3 is a front end cavity 12, and the front end cavity 12 is communicated with the side channel 10 through a front water hole 208.
The axial rear end of the piston assembly 7 is open and the axial front end is closed, the central channel 4 between the piston assembly 7 and the distributing part 8 is a pressure release cavity 404, and the pressure release cavity 404 is not communicated with the upper road groove 10, the lower road groove 10 and the front end cavity 12.
In this embodiment, the control component 5 and the housing assembly 2 do not move relatively in the axial direction, and the flow distribution member 8 and the housing assembly 2 do not move relatively in the axial direction.
In this embodiment, the number of blades 9 is at least two.
As a specific solution of this embodiment, the piston assembly 7 includes a piston main body 701, an axial rear end of the piston main body 701 is located in the control component mounting cavity 401, a nozzle 702 is provided in the axial rear end of the piston main body 701, and a flow distribution piece 8 is provided in the nozzle 702.
The axial front end of the piston main body 701 extends out of the recoil spring mounting cavity 402, the axial rear end of the blade connecting piece 703 is fixedly mounted at the axial front end of the piston main body 701, and a plurality of pairs of blades 9 are movably mounted at the axial front end of the blade connecting piece 703;
the axial rear end of the piston body 701 is open and the axial front end is closed, and the central passage 4 between the piston body 701 and the port 8 is a relief chamber 404.
In this embodiment, the blade connection member 703 is mounted on the axial front end of the piston main body 701 by a connection screw 706 to achieve stable fixation.
In this embodiment, the inner wall of the nozzle 702 is in intimate contact with the port 8 to effect closure of the pressure relief chamber 404.
As a specific solution of this embodiment, a piston body shoulder 704 is disposed on the outer wall of the piston body 701, an axial rear end of the recoil spring 6 abuts against the piston body shoulder 704, and an axial front end of the recoil spring 6 abuts against the second step 203.
In this embodiment, the piston body shoulder 704 can limit the recoil spring 6.
In this embodiment, an annular groove is formed in the axial front portion of the piston main body 701, a cylindrical surface that is fitted into the annular groove is formed in the middle of the blade attachment 703, and the piston main body 701 and the blade attachment 703 are further fixed by the annular groove and the cylindrical surface.
As a specific solution of this embodiment, the axial front end of the piston main body 701 is closed by providing the slag prevention stopper 13, and the slag prevention stopper 13 is integrally provided in the axial front portion of the main casing 201. In this embodiment, the slag prevention stopper 13 can prevent the drilling slag from entering the piston assembly 7.
As a specific scheme of this embodiment, the control component 5 includes a pair of rotating cylinder mounting bearings 501 disposed in the control component mounting cavity 401, an outer side of the rotating cylinder mounting bearings 501 is mounted on an inner wall of the main housing 201, an inner side of the rotating cylinder mounting bearings 501 is rotatably mounted with a rotating cylinder 502, and the rotating cylinder 502 is sleeved outside the piston assembly 7; a dog-leg control track 503 is formed on the rotary cylinder 502, a rotary cylinder control pin 705 is disposed in the dog-leg control track 503, and the rotary cylinder control pin 705 is fixedly disposed at the axial rear portion of the piston main body 701.
As a specific solution of this embodiment, the zigzag-shaped control track 503 is composed of a plurality of control track units which are repeatedly and sequentially communicated, and the control track units include a first axial channel 50301, a first front folding channel 50302, a first rear folding channel 50303, a second front folding channel 50304, a second axial channel 50305 and a second rear folding channel 50306 which are sequentially communicated.
In this embodiment, the axial force can be converted into a rotational force by the cooperation between the rotary cylinder control pin 705 and the dog-leg shaped control track 503, so that the control assembly 5 performs a rotational motion around the piston assembly 7.
As a specific scheme of this embodiment, the flow distribution member 8 includes a flow distribution disk 802, the flow distribution disk 802 is fixedly disposed in the control component mounting cavity 401, and a plurality of fan-shaped flow distribution holes 801 are formed in the flow distribution disk 802.
The axial rear end of a plugging rod 803 is arranged at the center of the flow distribution disc 802, and the axial front part of the plugging rod 803 extends into the axial rear part of the piston assembly 7 and is tightly contacted with the inner wall of the piston assembly 7; the central passage 4 between the piston body 701 and the port 8 is the relief chamber 404.
In this embodiment, the blocking rod 803 is in close contact with the inner wall of the nozzle 702 of the piston assembly 7, so that the pressure release chamber 404 can be closed.
As a specific solution of this embodiment, the flow distribution disc 802 is provided with a plurality of bearing matching pillars 804. In this embodiment, the plurality of bearing-fitting pillars 804 are fitted to the rotating cylinder-mounting bearing 501, and can axially limit the rotating cylinder-mounting bearing 501.
As a specific scheme of this embodiment, the blade 9 includes a blade main body 901 movably mounted on the axial front section of the piston assembly 7, an arc-shaped slide 902 is provided on the blade main body 901, a blade opening/closing control pin 210 is provided in the arc-shaped slide 902, and the blade opening/closing control pin 210 is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the axial front portion of the main housing 201.
In this embodiment, the blade opening/closing control pin 210 and the arc-shaped slide 902 are engaged with each other, so that the axial force can be converted into a radial force to drive the opening/closing movement of the plurality of pairs of blades 9.
As a specific mode of this embodiment, a blade mounting hole 903 is formed in an axial rear portion of the blade body 901, a pin 14 is provided in the blade mounting hole 903, and the blade 9 and the blade connector 703 are fixedly mounted through the blade mounting hole 903 and the pin 14.
In this embodiment, the rear axial end of the blade connector 703 is a rectangular structure, the rectangular structure can penetrate into the drill bit body to prevent coal cinder from entering the drill bit body during movement, the front axial end of the blade connector 703 is an arc-shaped structure, and the arc-shaped structure is connected with the blade 9 in a hinged manner through the pin 14.
As a specific mode of this embodiment, cutting teeth are disposed on the edge of the blade body 901, which facilitates the hole digging construction.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a construction method, which adopts the hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole digging device in the embodiment 1, adopts high-pressure water to control the opening and closing movement of the blades, and adopts compressed air to carry out drilling construction and hole digging construction; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a water feeder, a drill rod, a hole digging device and a drill bit are sequentially connected, compressed air is fed into the drill rod through the water feeder, and the compressed air sequentially passes through a rear end cavity 11, a flow distribution piece 8 and a side road groove 10 to enter a front end cavity 12 to drive the drill bit to carry out drilling construction.
In this embodiment, the compressed air is not enough to push the piston assembly 7 to move along the axial direction, and since the pressure release chamber 404 is blocked by the blocking rod 803, the compressed air does not enter the central channel 4, and at this time, after the compressed air flows into the rear end cavity 11, the compressed air flows into the side channel 10 through the fan-shaped flow distribution hole 801 of the flow distribution piece 8, and then enters the front end cavity 12 through the rear water hole 208, so that the drill connected to the drill connector 3 can be cooled and carry rock dust.
And step two, when the drilling construction in the step one is carried out to the specified hole depth or the position of the drill meeting the coal seam, stopping the drilling construction, feeding high-pressure water into the drill rod through the water feeder, driving the piston assembly 7 to move forwards along the axial direction by the high-pressure water, and further driving the control component 5 to rotate and opening the blade 9.
In this embodiment, the axial rear end of the first axial passage 50301 is denoted as point a, the communication between the first axial passage 50301 and the first front bellows 50302 is denoted as point B, the communication between the first front bellows 50302 and the first rear bellows 50303 is denoted as point C, the communication between the first rear bellows 50303 and the second front bellows 50304 is denoted as point D, the axial front end of the second axial passage 50305 is denoted as point E, and the point a of the bellows-shaped control track 503 is the initial position of the spin basket control pin 705. The axial front end of the arc chute 902 is denoted as point F, the axial rear end of the arc chute 902 is denoted as point G, and the point G of the arc chute 902 is the initial position of the blade opening and closing control pin 210.
After high-pressure water is fed into the drill rod through the water feeder, the high-pressure water drives the piston assembly 7 to move forwards along the axial direction, and since the pressure release cavity 404 in the piston main body 701 is completely closed by the blocking rod 803 at the moment, the high-pressure water can apply enough pressure to drive the piston assembly 7 to move forwards along the axial direction, and the control component 5 and the blade 9 move synchronously along with the movement of the piston assembly 7.
As piston assembly 7 moves in the axial direction, the relative position of rotary cylinder control pin 705 within dog leg control track 503 begins to change; as the blade 9 moves in the axial direction, the relative position of the blade opening/closing control pin 210 within the arcuate slide 902 starts to change.
When the rotating cylinder control pin 705 moves from the point a to the point B of the polygonal control track 503, the rotating cylinder 502 is driven to rotate by the axial force applied by the rotating cylinder control pin 705 to the inner wall of the polygonal control track 503; the piston assembly 7 continues to move forward in the axial direction while the rotary cylinder 502 performs a rotary motion, and the relative position of the blade opening and closing control pin 210 in the arc-shaped slide 902 is changed continuously, so that the blade 9 moves from the inside to the outside, that is, the blade 9 is opened.
Step three, after the blades 9 are completely opened in the step two, stopping conveying the high-pressure water; compressed air is sent into the drill rod through the water feeder, and hole digging construction is carried out.
In this embodiment, when the rotary cylinder control pin 705 moves to the point C of the zigzag control track 503 and the blade opening and closing control pin 210 is located at the point F of the arc-shaped slideway 902, that is, after the blade 9 is completely opened, the blocking rod 803 just completely exits from the pressure release chamber 404, the pump pressure drops suddenly, the transportation of high-pressure water is stopped, the rotary cylinder control pin 705 rebounds to the point D under the driving of the recoil spring 6, the blocking rod 803 blocks the pressure release chamber 404 again, and at this time, compressed air is sent into the drill rod through the water feeder to perform hole digging construction.
Step four, after the hole digging construction in the step three is completed, the conveying of compressed air is stopped, high-pressure water is fed into the drill rod through the water feeder, and the piston assembly 7 moves forwards along the axial direction under the driving of the high-pressure water; the pumping of high pressure water is then stopped and the piston assembly 7 rebounds back in the axial direction under the drive of the recoil spring 6, thereby driving the rotation of the control assembly 5 and the closing of the blades 9.
In this embodiment, after the hole digging construction is completed, high-pressure water is fed into the drill rod through the water feeder again, at this time, the high-pressure water drives the piston assembly 7 again, so that the rotary cylinder control pin 705 moves from point D to point E, at this time, the blocking rod 803 just completely withdraws from the pressure release cavity 404, the pump pressure drops suddenly, the high-pressure water delivery is stopped, along with the continuous rebound of the piston assembly 7, the rotary cylinder control pin 705 finally moves back to point a of the next control track unit of the fold-line-shaped control track 503, at this time, the blade opening and closing control pin 210 returns to point G of the arc-shaped slide 902, that is, the closing of the blade 9 is completed.
And step five, after the blade 9 is completely closed in the step four, lifting the drill to complete construction.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole digging device comprises a drill rod connector (1), a shell assembly (2) and a drill bit connector (3) which are sequentially connected from back to front; it is characterized in that;
the drill rod assembly is characterized in that the shell assembly (2) comprises a main shell (201), two axial ends of the main shell (201) are open, a drill rod connector (1) is installed in the rear end of the main shell (201) in the axial direction, and a drill bit connector (3) is installed in the front end of the main shell (201) in the axial direction;
a space enclosed by the main shell (201) and the rear end face of the drill bit connector (3) is a central channel (4); a first step (202) and a second step (203) are sequentially arranged on the inner wall of the main shell (201) from back to front, a central channel (4) between the axial rear end of the main shell (201) and the first step (202) is a control assembly mounting cavity (401), and a flow distribution piece (8) and a control assembly (5) are sequentially arranged in the control assembly mounting cavity (401) from back to front; a central channel (4) between the first step (202) and the second step (203) is a recoil spring mounting cavity (402), and a recoil spring (6) is arranged in the recoil spring mounting cavity (402); a central channel (4) between the second step (203) and the rear end face of the drill bit connector (3) is a blade mounting cavity (403), and a plurality of pairs of blades (9) are arranged in the blade mounting cavity (403);
the control component mounting cavity (401) is also internally provided with the axial rear end of the piston assembly (7), and the axial front end of the piston assembly (7) penetrates through the recoil spring mounting cavity (402) and extends into the blade mounting cavity (403); the control component (5) and the recoil spring (6) are coaxially sleeved outside the piston assembly (7);
a flow distribution piece (8) is arranged in the axial rear end of the piston assembly (7), a plurality of pairs of axial rear ends of the blades (9) are movably mounted on the axial front end of the piston assembly (7), and the blades (9) can be opened and closed and extend out of blade extending openings (204) arranged on two sides of the blade mounting cavity (403);
the control component (5) can rotate around the piston assembly (7); the blade (9) and the piston assembly (7) can move in the central channel (4) along the axial direction as a whole;
a shell shaft shoulder (205) is arranged on the outer wall of the axial rear part of the main shell (201), a pair of symmetrically-distributed side channels (10) is formed in the outer wall of the main shell (201), an end cover (206) is hermetically covered on each side channel (10), the axial rear end of the end cover (206) is fixedly arranged at the shell shaft shoulder (205), and the axial front end of the end cover (206) is fixedly arranged at the axial rear end of the drill bit connector (3);
a pair of rear water holes (207) are formed in the inner wall of the rear end of the main shell (201) in the axial direction, and a pair of front water holes (208) are formed in the inner wall of the front end of the main shell (201) in the axial direction; a plurality of fan-shaped distributing holes (801) are formed in the distributing piece (8); the space in the drill rod connector (1) is a rear end cavity (11), and the rear end cavity (11) is communicated with the side road groove (10) through a fan-shaped distributing hole (801) and a rear water hole (207); the space in the drill bit connector (3) is a front end cavity (12), and the front end cavity (12) is communicated with the side road groove (10) through a front water hole (208);
the axial rear end of the piston assembly (7) is open, the axial front end of the piston assembly is closed, the central channel (4) between the piston assembly (7) and the flow distribution piece (8) is a pressure release cavity (404), and the pressure release cavity (404) is not communicated with the upper road groove (10), the lower road groove (10) and the front end cavity (12).
2. A hydraulically controlled air drilling and holing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston assembly (7) comprises a piston body (701), the axial rear end of the piston body (701) is located in the control unit mounting cavity (401), a nozzle (702) is arranged in the axial rear end of the piston body (701), and a flow distribution member (8) is arranged in the nozzle (702);
the axial front end of the piston main body (701) extends out of the recoil spring mounting cavity (402), the axial rear end of the blade connecting piece (703) is fixedly mounted at the axial front end of the piston main body (701), and a plurality of pairs of blades (9) are movably mounted at the axial front end of the blade connecting piece (703);
the axial rear end of the piston main body (701) is open, the axial front end of the piston main body is closed, and a central channel (4) between the piston main body (701) and the flow distribution piece (8) is a pressure relief cavity (404).
3. A hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole making device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer wall of the piston body (701) is provided with a piston body shoulder (704), the axial rear end of the recoil spring (6) abuts against the piston body shoulder (704), and the axial front end of the recoil spring (6) abuts against the second step (203).
4. A hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole making device according to claim 2, characterized in that the axial front end of the piston body (701) is closed by the provision of a slag-prevention stopper (13), the slag-prevention stopper (13) being integrally provided in the axial front part of the main housing (201).
5. The hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole digging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said control assembly (5) comprises a pair of rotary cylinder mounting bearings (501) disposed in the control assembly mounting cavity (401), the outer side of the rotary cylinder mounting bearings (501) is mounted on the inner wall of the main housing (201), the inner side of the rotary cylinder mounting bearings (501) is rotatably mounted with a rotary cylinder (502), and the rotary cylinder (502) is sleeved outside the piston assembly (7); a fold line-shaped control track (503) is formed in the rotary cylinder (502), a rotary cylinder control pin (705) is arranged in the fold line-shaped control track (503), and the rotary cylinder control pin (705) is fixedly arranged on the axial rear portion of the piston main body (701).
6. The hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole digging device as claimed in claim 5, wherein said dog-leg shaped control track (503) is comprised of a plurality of control track units which are repeatedly and sequentially communicated, and the control track units comprise a first axial channel (50301), a first front dog-leg (50302), a first rear dog-leg (50303), a second front dog-leg (50304), a second axial channel (50305) and a second rear dog-leg (50306) which are sequentially communicated.
7. The hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole digging device according to claim 1, wherein the flow distribution member (8) comprises a flow distribution disc (802), the flow distribution disc (802) is fixedly arranged in the control component mounting cavity (401), and a plurality of fan-shaped flow distribution holes (801) are formed in the flow distribution disc (802);
the axial rear end of a plugging rod (803) is arranged at the center of the flow distribution disc (802), and the axial front part of the plugging rod (803) extends into the axial rear part of the piston assembly (7) and is tightly contacted with the inner wall of the piston assembly (7); the central channel (4) between the piston main body (701) and the flow distribution piece (8) is a pressure relief cavity (404).
8. A hydraulically controlled air drilling cavitation device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the distribution disc (802) is provided with a plurality of bearing engaging legs (804).
9. The hydraulically-controlled air drilling and hole digging device according to claim 1, wherein the blade (9) comprises a blade main body (901) movably mounted on the axial front section of the piston assembly (7), an arc-shaped slideway (902) is formed in the blade main body (901), a blade opening and closing control pin (209) is arranged in the arc-shaped slideway (902), and the blade opening and closing control pin (209) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the axial front part of the main shell (201).
10. A construction method, characterized in that the hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole digging device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, the opening and closing movement of the blades is controlled by high-pressure water, and drilling construction and hole digging construction are carried out by compressed air; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, a water feeder, a drill rod, a hydraulically controlled air drilling and hole digging device and a drill bit are sequentially connected, compressed air is fed into the drill rod through the water feeder, and the compressed air sequentially passes through a rear end cavity (11), a flow distribution piece (8) and a side road groove (10) to enter a front end cavity (12) to drive the drill bit to perform drilling construction;
step two, when the drilling construction in the step one is carried out to the specified hole depth or the position of the drilling meeting the coal seam, the drilling construction is stopped, high-pressure water is fed into the drill rod through the water feeder, the high-pressure water drives the piston assembly (7) to move forwards along the axial direction, and then the control component (5) is driven to rotate and the blade (9) is driven to be opened;
step three, after the blade (9) in the step two is completely opened, stopping conveying the high-pressure water; compressed air is sent into the drill rod through a water feeder to carry out hole digging construction;
step four, after the hole digging construction in the step three is completed, the conveying of compressed air is stopped, high-pressure water is fed into the drill rod through the water feeder, and the piston assembly (7) moves forwards along the axial direction under the driving of the high-pressure water; then stopping conveying high-pressure water, and enabling the piston assembly (7) to rebound backwards along the axial direction under the driving of the recoil spring (6), so that the rotation of the control assembly (5) and the closing of the blade (9) are driven;
and step five, after the blade (9) in the step four is completely closed, lifting the drill to finish construction.
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| CN202210562132.8A CN114934748B (en) | 2022-05-23 | 2022-05-23 | Hydraulically-controlled air drilling and hole digging device and construction method |
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