CN114934225A - Steel smelting method - Google Patents
Steel smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114934225A CN114934225A CN202210522746.3A CN202210522746A CN114934225A CN 114934225 A CN114934225 A CN 114934225A CN 202210522746 A CN202210522746 A CN 202210522746A CN 114934225 A CN114934225 A CN 114934225A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 241
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 224
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 302
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 217
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 175
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 127
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 67
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a steel smelting method, which belongs to the technical field of steel smelting and comprises the following steps: obtaining molten iron according to the type of smelting steel; carrying out converter smelting on the molten iron, and then carrying out tapping to obtain molten steel; refining the molten steel, and then carrying out continuous casting to obtain a casting blank; alloying in the tapping process, wherein the alloy adopted by the alloying comprises stainless steel scrap steel, and the type of the stainless steel scrap steel is determined according to the type of the smelting steel; the alloy in the alloying process is replaced by the stainless steel, so that the alloy consumption in the steelmaking process is effectively reduced, the cost is reduced, and the carbon emission is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel smelting, and particularly relates to a steel smelting method.
Background
The alloy is an essential raw material and auxiliary material in the steelmaking process and is mainly used for deoxidation and alloying. Alloys, in particular noble alloys such as nickel and chromium, which are essential components of steel, are not only a major component of the cost of the steel works, but also contribute to the indirect emission of carbon in the LCA. The low-cost production of products with high added value is the target pursued by enterprises, and the green and low-carbon is the important content of the high-quality development of the steel industry and also the important premise of promoting the development quality improvement of the whole industry. Therefore, alloy replacement or reduction is an important way for low-carbon, green, low-cost and high-quality steel making. At present, the steel industry in China is in a key transformation period, and corresponding technical improvement needs to be carried out on the application of the alloy in the steel making process, so that the cost is reduced, the efficiency is improved, the consumption of the alloy is reduced, the steel making cost is saved from the perspective of the use of the alloy, the carbon emission is reduced, and the steel quality is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a steel smelting method, and stainless steel is used as a new alloy substitute.
The embodiment of the invention provides a steel smelting method, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining molten iron according to the type of smelting steel;
carrying out converter smelting on the molten iron, and then carrying out tapping to obtain molten steel;
refining the molten steel, and then continuously casting to obtain a casting blank;
alloying is carried out in the tapping process, the alloy adopted by the alloying comprises stainless steel scrap steel, and the type of the stainless steel scrap steel is determined according to the type of the smelting steel.
Optionally, when the steel type is a high-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap is high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel;
when the steel type is a low-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap steel is low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel;
when the steel type is a molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap is selected from the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel.
Optionally, the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.08 percent of C, less than or equal to 10 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 20 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S and less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P;
the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c is more than or equal to 0.12% and less than or equal to 0.2%, Ni is more than or equal to 2% and less than or equal to 3%, Cr is more than or equal to 15% and less than or equal to 18%, Mn is less than or equal to 1%, Si is less than or equal to 1%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%;
the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.08 percent of C, less than or equal to 14 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 18 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, and less than or equal to 3 percent of Mo, more than or equal to 2 percent of Mo. .
Optionally, the weight of the stainless steel scrap is 30Kg-800 Kg.
Optionally, the addition amount of the stainless steel scrap is determined according to the weight of a single piece of the stainless steel scrap and the theoretical addition amount of the components of the smelting steel type.
Optionally, when the steel type is a high-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap is high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel; the dosage of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is calculated as follows:
calculating the adding amount Qa1 of the waste high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel according to the target value of Ni, namely a single block weight, and taking an integer function (target Ni content multiplied by steel output/Ni content of high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/weight of each piece of stainless steel);
calculating the addition amount Qa2 of the waste steel of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel as a monolithic weight according to the target value of Cr, wherein the integral function is the weight of each piece of stainless steel (target Cr content multiplied by steel output/Cr content of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/the weight of each piece of stainless steel);
if Qa1 is more than Qa2, the adding amount of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel scrap steel is Qa2, meanwhile, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises electrolytic nickel, and the adding amount of the electrolytic nickel is (target Ni content- (the adding amount of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Ni content multiplied by the Ni yield)/the steel output) multiplied by the steel output/the Ni content in the electrolytic nickel;
if Qa2 is more than Qa1, the adding amount of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel scrap steel is Qa1, meanwhile, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises low-carbon ferrochrome, and the adding amount of the supplemented low-carbon ferrochrome is (target Cr content- (high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel adding amount multiplied by Cr content multiplied by Cr yield)/tapping amount) multiplied by tapping amount/low-carbon ferrochrome Cr content.
Optionally, when the steel type is a low-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap is a low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel, and the usage amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is calculated as follows:
calculating the addition amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel Qb1 as a monolithic weight by taking an integer function (target Ni content multiplied by steel output/low-nickel high-chromium Ni content)/weight of each piece of low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel);
calculating the addition amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel Qb2 as a monolithic weight by taking an integer function (target Cr content multiplied by steel output/Cr content of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/weight of each piece of low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel);
if Qb1 is more than Qb2, the adding amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is Qb2, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises electrolytic nickel, and the adding amount of the electrolytic nickel is equal to (target Ni content- (the adding amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Ni content of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Ni yield)/the steel output) multiplied by the steel output/the Ni content in the electrolytic nickel;
if Qb2 is more than Qb1, the adding amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is measured as Qb1, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises low-carbon ferrochrome, and the adding amount of the low-carbon ferrochrome is (target Cr content- (the adding amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by Cr content of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by Cr yield)/tapping amount) multiplied by tapping amount/low-carbon ferrochrome Cr content.
Optionally, the yield of Ni is 100%, and the yield of Cr is 50% -55%.
Optionally, when the steel type is a molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap is a molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel, and the usage of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is calculated as follows:
calculating the adding amount Qc1 of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel according to the target value of Ni, wherein the adding amount Qc1 is the single block weight which is an integer function (target Ni content multiplied by the tapping amount/Ni content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/the weight of each piece of stainless steel);
calculating the addition amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel Qc2 as a monolithic weight by taking an integer function (target Cr content multiplied by steel output/Cr content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/weight of each piece of stainless steel) according to the target value of Cr;
according to the target value of Mo, the adding amount Qc3 of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is a monolithic weight which is an integer function (target Mo content multiplied by steel output/Mo content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/weight of each piece of stainless steel);
if Qc3 is more than Qc2 and Qc1 is more than Qc2, the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is Qc2, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises electrolytic nickel and ferromolybdenum, and the adding amount of the electrolytic nickel is (target Ni content- (the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Ni content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Ni yield)/the steel tapping amount) multiplied by the steel tapping amount/the Ni content of the electrolytic nickel; the addition amount of the ferromolybdenum is (target Mo content- (the addition amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Mo content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Mo yield)/the steel tapping amount) multiplied by the steel tapping amount/the ferromolybdenum Mo content;
if Qc3 is more than Qc1 and Qc2 is more than Qc1, the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is Qc1, the alloy adopted by alloying also comprises low-carbon ferrochrome and ferromolybdenum, and the adding amount of the low-carbon ferrochrome is (target Cr content- (the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Cr content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Cr yield)/tapping amount) multiplied by the tapping amount/the content of the low-carbon ferrochrome Cr; the addition amount of the ferromolybdenum is (target Mo content- (addition amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel × Mo content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel × Mo yield)/tapping amount) x tapping amount/ferromolybdenum Mo content;
if Qc1 is more than Qc3 and Qc2 is more than Qc3, the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is Qc3, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises electrolytic nickel and low-carbon ferrochrome, and the adding amount of the electrolytic nickel is equal to (target Ni content- (the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Ni content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Ni yield)/the steel tapping amount) multiplied by the steel tapping amount/Ni content in the electrolytic nickel; the addition amount of the low-carbon ferrochrome is (target Cr content- (the addition amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Cr content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Cr yield)/the steel output) multiplied by the steel output/the content of the low-carbon ferrochrome Cr.
Optionally, the yield of Ni and Mo is 100%, and the yield of Cr is 50% -55%.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
according to the steel smelting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, stainless steel is adopted to replace alloy in the alloying process, so that the alloy consumption in the steelmaking process is effectively reduced, the cost is reduced, and the carbon emission is reduced.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be specifically explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly presented thereby. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
In order to solve the technical problems, the general idea of the embodiment of the application is as follows:
according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of smelting steel, the method including:
s1, obtaining molten iron according to the type of smelting steel;
s2, carrying out converter smelting on the molten iron, and then tapping to obtain molten steel;
s3, refining the molten steel, and then carrying out continuous casting to obtain a casting blank;
alloying is carried out in the tapping process, the alloy adopted by the alloying comprises stainless steel scrap steel, and the type of the stainless steel scrap steel is determined according to the type of the smelting steel.
In some embodiments, the stainless steels involved include three types, a type a (high nickel high chromium stainless steel), a type B (low nickel high chromium stainless steel), a type C (molybdenum containing high nickel high chromium); the high-nickel high-chromium steel is preferably a type A stainless steel, the low-nickel high-chromium steel is preferably a type B stainless steel, and the high-nickel high-chromium steel containing molybdenum is preferably a type C stainless steel.
In some embodiments, the group a ingredients are distributed in mass percent as follows: less than or equal to 0.08 percent of C, less than or equal to 10 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 20 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S and less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P; the component of the B class is divided into the following components according to the mass percentage: c is more than or equal to 0.12 percent and less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Ni is more than or equal to 2 percent and less than or equal to 3 percent, Cr is more than or equal to 15 percent and less than or equal to 18 percent, Mn is less than or equal to 1 percent, Si is less than or equal to 1 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and P is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; the component of the C class is divided into the following components according to the mass percentage: less than or equal to 0.08 percent of C, less than or equal to 14 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 18 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, and less than or equal to 3 percent of Mo, more than or equal to 2 percent. .
In some embodiments, the stainless steel scrap pieces may weigh anywhere from 30kg to 800kg per piece.
In some embodiments, the amount of scrap stainless steel added is determined based on the weight of the individual pieces of scrap stainless steel and the theoretical amount of metallurgical type of composition added. Specifically, the amount of scrap steel added to stainless steel is an integer function of the weight of the single piece [ theoretical amount added/weight of each piece of stainless steel ], and the remaining components are supplemented with alloy.
In some embodiments, if the steel grade is high nickel and high chromium, the stainless steel of the A class is preferably used, and in the calculation of the addition amount of the stainless steel, the Ni and the Cr are calculated according to the target components required by the steel grade;
calculating the amount of stainless steel added Qa1 as a monolithic weight integer function (target Ni content × steel output/Ni content of class a stainless steel)/weight of each piece of stainless steel) according to the target Ni value;
calculating the addition amount Qa2 of stainless steel according to the target value of Cr as a monolithic weight, taking an integer function [ (target Cr content × steel output/Cr content of a stainless steel group a)/weight of each stainless steel ];
if Qa1 is more than Qa2, the adding amount of the stainless steel is Qa2, and the amount of the electrolytic nickel required to be added is (target Ni content- (stainless steel adding amount multiplied by class A stainless steel Ni content multiplied by Ni yield)/steel output multiplied by steel output)/Ni content in the electrolytic nickel;
if Qa2 is greater than Qa1, the amount of stainless steel added is Qa1, and the amount of low carbon ferrochrome to be added is (target Cr content- (stainless steel addition amount × Cr content in a type a stainless steel × Cr yield)/steel output) × steel output/Cr content of low carbon ferrochrome.
In some embodiments, if the steel grade is low-nickel and high-chromium, the stainless steel of B type is preferentially used, and in the calculation of the addition amount of the stainless steel, Ni and Cr are calculated according to the target components required by the steel grade;
calculating the amount of stainless steel added Qb1 as a monolithic weight integer function (target Ni content × steel output/Ni content of class B stainless steel)/weight of each piece of stainless steel) based on the target Ni value;
calculating the addition amount of the stainless steel Qb2 as a monolithic weight, which is an integer function of (target Cr content × steel output/Cr content in stainless steel type B)/weight of each piece of stainless steel) according to the target value of Cr;
if Qb1 is more than Qb2, the adding amount of the stainless steel is measured to obtain Qb2, and the amount of the electrolytic nickel required to be added is (target Ni content- (stainless steel adding amount multiplied by Ni content multiplied by Ni yield of B stainless steel)/tapping amount multiplied by tapping amount/Ni content in the electrolytic nickel;
if Qb2 is greater than Qb1, the amount of stainless steel added is Qb1, and the amount of low carbon ferrochrome to be added is (target Cr content- (stainless steel addition amount × Cr content of B-type stainless steel × Cr yield)/steel output) × steel output/Cr content of low carbon ferrochrome.
In some embodiments, if the steel grade is molybdenum-containing high nickel and high chromium, a C-type stainless steel is preferably used, and in the calculation of the addition amount of the stainless steel, Ni, Cr and Mo are calculated according to the target components required by the steel grade;
calculating the addition amount of stainless steel Qc1 as a monolithic weight integer function (target Ni content x steel output/Ni content in stainless steels of class C)/weight of each piece of stainless steel) according to the target value of Ni;
calculating the addition quantity Qc2 of the stainless steel according to the target value of Cr, wherein the addition quantity Qc2 of the stainless steel is a single block weight and an integer function [ (target Cr content multiplied by the tapping quantity/Cr content of the C-type stainless steel)/the weight of each piece of stainless steel ];
calculating the addition amount of stainless steel Qc3 as a monolithic weight integer function (target Mo content × steel output/Mo content in stainless steel class C)/weight of each piece of stainless steel) according to the target value of Mo;
if Qc3 is greater than Qc2 and Qc1 is greater than Qc2, the amount of stainless steel added is Qc2 and the amount of electrolytic nickel to be added is (target Ni content- (stainless steel addition amount × C stainless steel Ni content × Ni yield)/tap amount) × tap amount/Ni content in electrolytic nickel; the ferromolybdenum quantity to be supplemented is (target Mo content- (stainless steel adding quantity. times. C stainless steel Mo content. times. Mo yield)/steel tapping quantity). times. steel tapping quantity/ferromolybdenum Mo content;
if Qc3 is more than Qc1 and Qc2 is more than Qc1, the adding amount of the stainless steel is Qc1, and the amount of the low-carbon ferrochrome to be supplemented is (target Cr content- (stainless steel adding amount multiplied by C type stainless steel Cr content multiplied by Cr yield)/steel output) multiplied by steel output/low-carbon ferrochrome Cr content; the ferromolybdenum amount to be supplemented is (target Mo content- (stainless steel addition amount × C-type stainless steel Mo content × Mo yield)/steel output) × steel output/ferromolybdenum Mo content;
if Qc1 is greater than Qc3 and Qc2 is greater than Qc3, the amount of stainless steel added is Qc3 and the amount of electrolytic nickel to be added is (target Ni content- (stainless steel addition amount × C stainless steel Ni content × Ni yield)/tap amount) × tap amount/Ni content in electrolytic nickel; the amount of low carbon ferrochrome to be supplemented is (target Cr content- (stainless steel addition amount. times. C stainless steel Cr content. times. Cr yield)/steel output) x steel output/low carbon ferrochrome Cr content.
The method for producing steel according to the present application will be described in detail below with reference to examples, comparative examples, and experimental data.
Example 1
In the steel grade of the embodiment, the component range of Ni is more than or equal to 0.35% and less than or equal to 0.45%, the target component of Ni is 0.40%, the component range of Cr is more than or equal to 0.50% and less than or equal to 0.6%, the target component of Cr is 0.55%, A-type stainless steel (namely high-nickel and high-chromium stainless steel) scrap steel is selected, the weight of each scrap steel is 800kg, the tapping amount is 320 tons, the adding amount Qa1 of the stainless steel scrap steel is 13600kg according to the target value of Ni, the adding amount Qa2 of the stainless steel scrap steel is 29600kg according to the target value of Cr, the final adding amount Qa1 is used, the low-carbon ferrochrome amount needing to be supplemented is 2140kg, the finished product Ni is 0.41%, and the Cr is 0.54%, and the component requirements are met.
Example 2
In the steel grade of the embodiment, the component range of Ni is more than or equal to 0.04% and less than or equal to 0.08%, the target component of Ni is 0.06%, the component range of Cr is more than or equal to 0.3% and less than or equal to 0.6%, the target component of Cr is 0.4%, B-type stainless steel (namely low-nickel and high-chromium stainless steel) scrap steel is selected, the weight of each scrap steel is 800kg, the steel tapping amount is 320 tons, the adding amount of the stainless steel scrap steel Qb1 is 1600kg according to the target value of Ni, the adding amount of the stainless steel scrap steel Qb2 is 21600kg according to the target value of Cr, the final adding amount of the low-carbon ferrochrome required to be supplemented is 215kg according to the adding amount of Qb1, the finished product Ni is 0.053%, and the Cr is 0.372%, and the component requirements are met.
Example 3
In the steel of this example, Ni was in a range of 0.08% to 0.15%, Ni was 0.10% as a target component, Cr was in a range of 0.15% to 0.25%, Cr was 0.20% as a target component, Mo was in a range of 0.08% to 0.18%, Mo was 0.10% as a target component, scrap of C-type stainless steel (i.e., molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel) was selected, the weight of each scrap was 800kg, and the amount of tapping was 320 tons, the addition amount Qc1 of the stainless steel scrap is 3200kg according to the target value calculation of Ni, the addition amount Qc2 of the stainless steel scrap is 10400kg according to the calculation of the target value of Cr, the addition amount Qc3 of the stainless steel scrap is 9600kg calculated according to the target value of Mo, the stainless steel scrap is finally used according to the addition amount Qc1, the amount of the low-carbon ferrochrome to be supplemented is 6200kg, the amount of the ferromolybdenum to be supplemented is 2240kg, the finished product Ni is 0.11%, Cr is 0.21%, and Mo is 0.13%, so that the component requirements are met.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
according to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the stainless steel scrap is used as a substitute of the alloy, so that the alloy consumption in the steelmaking process can be effectively reduced, the cost is reduced, and the carbon emission is reduced.
Finally, it should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A method of smelting steel, the method comprising:
obtaining molten iron according to the type of smelting steel;
carrying out converter smelting on the molten iron, and then carrying out tapping to obtain molten steel;
refining the molten steel, and then carrying out continuous casting to obtain a casting blank;
alloying is carried out in the tapping process, the alloy adopted by the alloying comprises stainless steel scrap steel, and the type of the stainless steel scrap steel is determined according to the type of the smelting steel.
2. The method for smelting steel according to claim 1, wherein when the steel type is a high-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap is high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel;
when the steel type is a low-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap steel is low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel;
when the steel type is a molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap is selected from the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel.
3. The method for smelting steel according to claim 2, wherein the high-nickel and high-chromium stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.08 percent of C, less than or equal to 10 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 20 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S and less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P;
the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c is more than or equal to 0.12 percent and less than or equal to 0.2 percent, Ni is more than or equal to 2 percent and less than or equal to 3 percent, Cr is more than or equal to 15 percent and less than or equal to 18 percent, Mn is less than or equal to 1 percent, Si is less than or equal to 1 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and P is less than or equal to 0.025 percent;
the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.08 percent of C, less than or equal to 14 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 18 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, and less than or equal to 3 percent of Mo, more than or equal to 2 percent.
4. A method of producing steel according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the mass of the scrap stainless steel is 30Kg to 800 Kg.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the amount of scrap stainless steel added is determined based on the weight of the individual pieces of scrap stainless steel and the theoretical amount of addition of ingredients of the type of steel being smelted.
6. The method for smelting steel according to claim 5, wherein when the steel type is a high-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap is high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel; the dosage of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is calculated as follows:
calculating the adding amount Qa1 of the waste high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel according to the target value of Ni, namely a single block weight, and taking an integer function (target Ni content multiplied by steel output/Ni content of high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/weight of each piece of stainless steel);
calculating the addition amount Qa2 of the waste steel of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel as a monolithic weight according to the target value of Cr, wherein the integral function is the weight of each piece of stainless steel (target Cr content multiplied by steel output/Cr content of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/the weight of each piece of stainless steel);
if Qa1 is more than Qa2, the adding amount of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel scrap steel is Qa2, meanwhile, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises electrolytic nickel, and the adding amount of the electrolytic nickel is (target Ni content- (the adding amount of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Ni content multiplied by the Ni yield)/the steel output) multiplied by the steel output/the Ni content in the electrolytic nickel;
if Qa2 is more than Qa1, the adding amount of the high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel scrap steel is Qa1, meanwhile, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises low-carbon ferrochrome, and the adding amount of the supplemented low-carbon ferrochrome is (target Cr content- (high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel adding amount multiplied by Cr content multiplied by Cr yield)/tapping amount) multiplied by tapping amount/low-carbon ferrochrome Cr content.
7. The method for smelting steel according to claim 5, wherein when the steel type is a low-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap is a low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel, and the amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is calculated as follows:
calculating the addition amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel Qb1 as a monolithic weight by taking an integer function (target Ni content multiplied by steel output/low-nickel high-chromium Ni content)/weight of each piece of low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel);
calculating the addition amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel Qb2 as a monolithic weight by taking an integer function (target Cr content multiplied by steel output/Cr content of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/weight of each piece of low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel);
if Qb1 is more than Qb2, the adding amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is Qb2, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises electrolytic nickel, and the adding amount of the electrolytic nickel is equal to (target Ni content- (the adding amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Ni content of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Ni yield)/the steel output) multiplied by the steel output/the Ni content in the electrolytic nickel;
if Qb2 is more than Qb1, the adding amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is Qb1, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises low-carbon ferrochrome, and the adding amount of the low-carbon ferrochrome is (target Cr content- (the adding amount of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Cr content of the low-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Cr yield)/the steel output) multiplied by the steel output/the content of the low-carbon ferrochrome Cr.
8. A method for smelting steel according to any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the yield of Ni is 100% and the yield of Cr is 50% to 55%.
9. The method for smelting steel according to claim 5, wherein when the steel type is a molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium steel type, the stainless steel scrap is a molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel, and the amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is calculated as follows:
calculating the adding amount Qc1 of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel according to the target value of Ni, wherein the adding amount Qc1 is the single block weight which is an integer function (target Ni content multiplied by the tapping amount/Ni content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/the weight of each piece of stainless steel);
calculating the addition amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel Qc2 as a monolithic weight by taking an integer function (target Cr content multiplied by steel output/Cr content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/weight of each piece of stainless steel) according to the target value of Cr;
according to the target value of Mo, the adding amount Qc3 of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is a monolithic weight which is an integer function (target Mo content multiplied by steel output/Mo content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel)/weight of each piece of stainless steel);
if Qc3 is more than Qc2 and Qc1 is more than Qc2, the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is measured as Qc2, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises electrolytic nickel and ferromolybdenum, and the adding amount of the electrolytic nickel is (target Ni content- (the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Ni content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Ni yield)/the tapping amount) multiplied by the tapping amount/the Ni content in the electrolytic nickel; the addition amount of the ferromolybdenum is (target Mo content- (addition amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel × Mo content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel × Mo yield)/tapping amount) x tapping amount/ferromolybdenum Mo content;
if Qc3 is more than Qc1 and Qc2 is more than Qc1, the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is Qc1, the alloy adopted by alloying also comprises low-carbon ferrochrome and ferromolybdenum, and the adding amount of the low-carbon ferrochrome is (target Cr content- (the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Cr content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Cr yield)/tapping amount) multiplied by the tapping amount/the content of the low-carbon ferrochrome Cr; the addition amount of the ferromolybdenum is (target Mo content- (addition amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel × Mo content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel × Mo yield)/tapping amount) x tapping amount/ferromolybdenum Mo content;
if Qc1 is more than Qc3 and Qc2 is more than Qc3, the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is Qc3, the alloy adopted by the alloying also comprises electrolytic nickel and low-carbon ferrochrome, and the adding amount of the electrolytic nickel is equal to (target Ni content- (the adding amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Ni content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Ni yield)/the steel tapping amount) multiplied by the steel tapping amount/Ni content in the electrolytic nickel; the addition amount of the low-carbon ferrochrome is (target Cr content- (the addition amount of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel is multiplied by the Cr content of the molybdenum-containing high-nickel high-chromium stainless steel multiplied by the Cr yield)/the steel output) multiplied by the steel output/the content of the low-carbon ferrochrome Cr.
10. The steel smelting method according to claim 9, wherein the yields of both Ni and Mo are 100%, and the yield of Cr is 50% to 55%.
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