CN114931935A - 环保型焦化废水cod吸附剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
环保型焦化废水cod吸附剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，焦化废水COD吸附剂由以下成分组成：凝聚吸附基体、除臭基体滤料、助凝剂、复合矿物添加剂和复配添加剂，其中，所述除臭基体滤料包括改性脱水污泥和草腐土；本发明由凝聚吸附基体和除臭基体滤料制备COD吸附剂，使用时，在通过凝聚吸附基体进行絮凝沉淀的同时还可通过除臭基体滤料对水体进行除臭处理，除臭基体滤料对絮凝沉淀形成的污泥进行改性处理，与草腐土复配作为主体基材，通过改性污泥中富含的营养物质，可负载多样化的分解生物菌种，从而对恶臭水体进行吸附分解处理，处理效果好，同时实现沉淀物质循环利用，从而显著降低制取成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及除臭装置，特别涉及环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，属于焦化废水除臭技术领域。
背景技术
焦化废水是煤热加工过程产生的，来自炼焦过程中的洗煤、熄焦、副产品加工和精制等环节，同时在煤气净化和化工产品回收过程中也有部分废水产生，焦化废水来源有：煤高温裂解和荒煤气冷却产生的剩余氨水废液，此为焦化厂主要排放源，所排废水量占全厂排放量的一半以上，其水质复杂，组分种类繁多且污染物浓度较高，除含有氨、氰、硫氰根等无机污染物外，还含有酚、油类、萘、吡啶、喹啉、蒽和其它稠环芳烃化合物等有机物，对废水处理中，一般都是采用COD吸附剂进行絮凝沉淀处理，从而有效降低水体中的COD含量，现有的COD吸附剂通过多组复配的絮凝剂构成，虽然可以对水体中的杂质快速降解沉淀，但是其不具备除臭功能，在有机物含量较高的废水中，其内部的微生物含量高，微生物分解有机物时会耗尽水中的溶解氧，当氧耗尽的时候，水会出现因缺氧而发生厌臭，而现有的COD吸附剂不能进行沉淀的同时除臭，且在现有常见除臭都是采用生物除臭。
生物除臭采用生物法通过专门培养在生物滤池内生物填料上的微生物膜对废臭气分子进行除臭的生物废气处理技术，现有生物除臭方法采用陶粒和草木灰材料形成活性滤料，从而对恶臭气体进行生物去除，但是通过陶粒进行制取除臭滤料，其制取成本过高，且其抗冲刷强度较低，冲刷几轮后，就需要对滤料进行更换，进一步加重除臭成本，而在本申请沉淀后形成的污泥中，含有大量适合除臭微生物生长的营养物质，因此，可通过循环使用沉淀物质，从而实现除臭，有效降低除臭成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂，所述焦化废水COD吸附剂由以下成分组成：
凝聚吸附基体、除臭基体滤料、助凝剂、复合矿物添加剂和复配添加剂，其中，所述除臭基体滤料包括改性脱水污泥和草腐土。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述凝聚吸附基体、除臭基体滤料和复合矿物添加剂的质量比为5:3：1或者4:3:1，且所述除臭基体滤料中改性脱水污泥和草腐土的质量比例为1:1、1.5:1或者2:1。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述复合矿物添加剂由钙钛皓石、沸石、硅粉、粉煤灰、高岭土和瓷砂组成，且所述钙钛皓石的颗粒粒径为0.005-0.01mm。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述复合矿物添加剂中，钙钛皓石、沸石、硅粉、粉煤灰、高岭土和瓷砂的添加质量比例如下：
钙钛皓石8-12％；
沸石5-8％；
硅粉5-6％；
粉煤灰4-5％；
高岭土8-12％；
瓷砂5-9％。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述凝聚吸附基体为聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁和聚合氯化铝亚铁混合物，且其中聚合氯化铝含量为5-20％，聚合硫酸铁含量为30-60％，聚合氯化铝亚铁的含量为10-40％，所述助凝剂为双氰胺-甲醛聚合物溶液。
环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂制备方法，具体步骤方法如下：
步骤一：对投加COD吸附剂后得到的絮凝沉淀污泥进行脱水处理，在污泥中添加一定量阳离子聚丙烯酰胺污泥脱水剂，混合搅拌，再通过高压隔膜压滤机进行压滤、干燥处理获得改性前污泥；
第二步骤：对污泥进行改性处理，获取步骤1中的经过干燥处理后的改性前污泥与碳粉颗粒混合，得到改性污泥；
第三步骤：将一定质量比例组份的凝聚吸附基体、除臭基体滤料、复合矿物添加剂和复配添加剂加入搅拌锅内部，充分混合均匀后形成固化混合物料；
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述钙钛皓石的采用氧化物法制备，其具体的制备方法如下：
S1；称取一定质量的CaO、TiO2和ZrO2分别进行机械研磨，且通过过滤网进行过筛后，在将各组分物料混合细磨，得到混合料；
S2：将上述混合料在稀有气体体积比为4.5％的气氛中，于800-850℃下回转煅烧炉中进行煅烧0.6-0.7h。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述第三步骤中：除臭基体滤料、复合矿物添加剂在进行搅拌锅混合前，需要将复合矿物添加剂中的钙钛皓石、沸石、硅粉、粉煤灰、高岭土和瓷砂进行粉碎、粉磨和过筛处理，获得钙钛皓石粉末、沸石粉末、硅粉粉末、粉煤灰粉末、高岭土粉末和瓷砂粉末。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，由凝聚吸附基体和除臭基体滤料制备COD吸附剂，使用时，在通过凝聚吸附基体进行絮凝沉淀的同时还可通过除臭基体滤料对水体进行除臭处理，除臭基体滤料中加入由钙钛皓石、沸石、硅粉、粉煤灰、高岭土和瓷砂组成的复合矿物添加剂，增强滤料的多孔通透性和吸附性，使得除臭滤料机械强度高，抗水流冲刷能力强，层间空隙率大，过滤周期长，对浊度去除效果最好，而加入的钙钛皓石具有优异的化学稳定性﹑辐照稳定性、机械稳定性和热稳定性，在滤料中添加钙钛皓石，可大幅度提高滤料体的抗压强度和抗浸出性。
2、本申请除臭基体滤料对絮凝沉淀形成的污泥进行改性处理，与草腐土复配作为主体基材，通过改性污泥中富含的营养物质，可负载多样化的分解生物菌种，从而对恶臭水体进行吸附分解处理，处理效果好，同时实现沉淀物质循环利用，从而显著降低制取成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的制备方法的示意图。
图中：1、除臭箱；2、喷淋箱；3、加压泵；4、隔层板；5、第一除臭架；6、第一除臭滤层；7、第一除臭座；8、喷淋端头；9、喷淋板；10、第二除臭座；11、第二除臭架；12、第二除臭滤层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，本发明提供了环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法的技术方案：环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂，焦化废水COD吸附剂由以下成分组成：
凝聚吸附基体、除臭基体滤料、助凝剂、复合矿物添加剂和复配添加剂，其中，所述除臭基体滤料包括改性脱水污泥和草腐土。
本发明环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，凝聚吸附基体、除臭基体滤料和复合矿物添加剂的质量比为5:3：1或者4:3:1，且所述除臭基体滤料中改性脱水污泥和草腐土的质量比例为1:1、1.5:1或者2:1。
本发明环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，复合矿物添加剂由钙钛皓石、沸石、硅粉、粉煤灰、高岭土和瓷砂组成，且所述钙钛皓石的颗粒粒径为0.005-0.01mm。
本发明环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，复合矿物添加剂中，钙钛皓石、沸石、硅粉、粉煤灰、高岭土和瓷砂的添加质量比例如下：
钙钛皓石8-12％；
沸石5-8％；
硅粉5-6％；
粉煤灰4-5％；
高岭土8-12％；
瓷砂5-9％。
本发明环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，凝聚吸附基体为聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁和聚合氯化铝亚铁混合物，且其中聚合氯化铝含量为5-20％，聚合硫酸铁含量为30-60％，聚合氯化铝亚铁的含量为10-40％，所述助凝剂为双氰胺-甲醛聚合物溶液。
环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂制备方法，具体步骤方法如下：
步骤一：对投加COD吸附剂后得到的絮凝沉淀污泥进行脱水处理，在污泥中添加一定量阳离子聚丙烯酰胺污泥脱水剂，混合搅拌，再通过高压隔膜压滤机进行压滤、干燥处理获得改性前污泥；
第二步骤：对污泥进行改性处理，获取步骤1中的经过干燥处理后的改性前污泥与碳粉颗粒混合，得到改性污泥；
第三步骤：将一定质量比例组份的凝聚吸附基体、除臭基体滤料、复合矿物添加剂和复配添加剂加入搅拌锅内部，充分混合均匀后形成固化混合物料；
本发明环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，钙钛皓石的采用氧化物法制备，其具体的制备方法如下：
S1；称取一定质量的CaO、TiO2和ZrO2分别进行机械研磨，且通过过滤网进行过筛后，在将各组分物料混合细磨，得到混合料；
S2：将上述混合料在稀有气体体积比为4.5％的气氛中，于800-850℃下回转煅烧炉中进行煅烧0.6-0.7h。
本发明环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，第三步骤中，除臭基体滤料、复合矿物添加剂在进行搅拌锅混合前，需要将复合矿物添加剂中的钙钛皓石、沸石、硅粉、粉煤灰、高岭土和瓷砂进行粉碎、粉磨和过筛处理，获得钙钛皓石粉末、沸石粉末、硅粉粉末、粉煤灰粉末、高岭土粉末和瓷砂粉末。
本发明环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法：由凝聚吸附基体和除臭基体滤料制备COD吸附剂，使用时，在通过凝聚吸附基体进行絮凝沉淀的同时还可通过除臭基体滤料对水体进行除臭处理，除臭基体滤料中加入由钙钛皓石、沸石、硅粉、粉煤灰、高岭土和瓷砂组成的复合矿物添加剂，增强滤料的多孔通透性和吸附性，使得除臭滤料机械强度高，抗水流冲刷能力强，层间空隙率大，过滤周期长，对浊度去除效果最好，而加入的钙钛皓石具有优异的化学稳定性﹑辐照稳定性、机械稳定性和热稳定性，在滤料中添加钙钛皓石，可大幅度提高滤料体的抗压强度和抗浸出性，本申请除臭基体滤料对絮凝沉淀形成的污泥进行改性处理，与草腐土复配作为主体基材，通过改性污泥中富含的营养物质，可负载多样化的分解生物菌种，从而对恶臭水体进行吸附分解处理，处理效果好，同时实现沉淀物质循环利用，从而显著降低制取成本。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (8)
1.环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂，其特征在于，所述焦化废水COD吸附剂由以下成分组成：
凝聚吸附基体、除臭基体滤料、助凝剂、复合矿物添加剂和复配添加剂，其中，所述除臭基体滤料包括改性脱水污泥和草腐土。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂，其特征在于：所述凝聚吸附基体、除臭基体滤料和复合矿物添加剂的质量比为5:3：1或者4:3:1，且所述除臭基体滤料中改性脱水污泥和草腐土的质量比例为1:1、1.5:1或者2:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂，其特征在于：所述复合矿物添加剂由钙钛皓石、沸石、硅粉、粉煤灰、高岭土和瓷砂组成，且所述钙钛皓石的颗粒粒径为0.005-0.01mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂，其特征在于：所述复合矿物添加剂中，钙钛皓石、沸石、硅粉、粉煤灰、高岭土和瓷砂的添加质量比例如下：
钙钛皓石8-12％；
沸石5-8％；
硅粉5-6％；
粉煤灰4-5％；
高岭土8-12％；
瓷砂5-9％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂，其特征在于，所述凝聚吸附基体为聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁和聚合氯化铝亚铁混合物，且其中聚合氯化铝含量为5-20％，聚合硫酸铁含量为30-60％，聚合氯化铝亚铁的含量为10-40％，所述助凝剂为双氰胺-甲醛聚合物溶液。
6.环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂制备方法，其特征在于，制备方法用于制备上述任一权利要求1-5所述的COD吸附剂，具体步骤方法如下：
步骤一：对投加COD吸附剂后得到的絮凝沉淀污泥进行脱水处理，在污泥中添加一定量阳离子聚丙烯酰胺污泥脱水剂，混合搅拌，再通过高压隔膜压滤机进行压滤、干燥处理获得改性前污泥；
第二步骤：对污泥进行改性处理，获取步骤1中的经过干燥处理后的改性前污泥与碳粉颗粒混合，得到改性污泥；
第三步骤：将一定质量比例组份的凝聚吸附基体、除臭基体滤料、复合矿物添加剂和复配添加剂加入搅拌锅内部，充分混合均匀后形成固化混合物料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述钙钛皓石的采用氧化物法制备，其具体的制备方法如下：
S1；称取一定质量的CaO、TiO2和ZrO2分别进行机械研磨，且通过过滤网进行过筛后，在将各组分物料混合细磨，得到混合料；
S2：将上述混合料在稀有气体体积比为4.5％的气氛中，于800-850℃下回转煅烧炉中进行煅烧0.6-0.7h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的环保型焦化废水COD吸附剂及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述第三步骤中：除臭基体滤料、复合矿物添加剂在进行搅拌锅混合前，需要将复合矿物添加剂中的钙钛皓石、沸石、硅粉、粉煤灰、高岭土和瓷砂进行粉碎、粉磨和过筛处理，获得钙钛皓石粉末、沸石粉末、硅粉粉末、粉煤灰粉末、高岭土粉末和瓷砂粉末。
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