CN114930009A - 用于确定混合动力传动系的内燃机的扭矩曲线的方法以及混合动力传动系 - Google Patents
用于确定混合动力传动系的内燃机的扭矩曲线的方法以及混合动力传动系 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于确定混合动力传动系(1)的特别是失火的内燃机(4)的扭矩曲线的方法,内燃机(4)包括曲轴(6)并且受到扭矩的影响,并且本发明涉及一种用于该方法的混合动力传动系(1),该混合动力传动系包括第一子动力传动系(2)和第二子动力传动系(3),第一子动力传动系包括内燃机(4)和用于检测曲轴(6)的旋转特征值以便控制内燃机(4)的第一装置(8),第二子动力传动系借助于扭转弹性体(7)与第一子动力传动系分离,并且第二子动力传动系包括具有转子(10)的电机(9)和用于检测转子(10)的旋转特征值以便控制电机(9)的第二装置(11)。本发明的目的是允许快速且简单地检测内燃机(4)的失火。这是通过比较两个装置(8,11)的旋转特征值来确定内燃机(4)的失火来实现的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于确定混合动力传动系的受扭转振动影响的内燃机的扭矩曲线、特别是失火的方法,并且本发明涉及混合动力传动系,该混合动力传动系具有第一子动力传动系和第二子动力传动系,第一子动力传动系具有内燃机和用于检测第一子动力传动系的旋转特征值以便控制内燃机的第一装置,第二子动力传动系借助于扭转弹性体与第一子动力传动系分离并且具有用于检测转子的旋转特征值以控制电机的第二装置。
背景技术
具有受扭转振动影响的内燃机以及电机的混合动力传动系在现有技术中是充分已知的。为了扭转振动的扭转振动隔离,可以在内燃机与电机之间布置扭转弹性体、例如扭转振动阻尼器。另外,内燃机可能会失火,这会对动力传动系的部件造成压力并且可能导致扭转弹性的增加。
从WO 2012/025434 A2已知一种混合动力传动系,其中,内燃机以抗扭的方式连接至发电机。在这种情况下,通过对发电机的输出端处的电流和/或电压曲线进行评估来检测内燃机的失火。
DE 102 27 528 A1公开了一种混合动力传动系,该混合动力传动系具有内燃机和借助于摩擦离合器以抗扭的方式与内燃机连接的电机,其中,借助于电机的旋转编码器来检测内燃机的失火和不平稳运行。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种用于识别混合动力传动系中的内燃机的失火的方法,该混合动力传动系具有布置在内燃机与电机之间的扭转弹性体。此外,本发明的目的是提出一种混合动力传动系,其用于实施用以识别内燃机的失火的方法。
该目的通过权利要求1和10的主题来实现。从属于权利要求1的权利要求代表权利要求1的主题的有利实施方式。
所提出的方法用于确定混合动力传动系的受扭转振动影响的内燃机的扭矩曲线,特别是熄火、燃料喷射不足、节流阀错位、阀错位和/或类似异常,该混合动力传动系具有第一子动力传动系,第一子动力传动系具有内燃机和用于检测第一子动力传动系的旋转特征值以控制内燃机的第一装置。
第二子动力传动系包括电机和用于检测转子的旋转特征值以控制电机的第二装置。
所述两个子动力传动系借助于扭转弹性体彼此连接,扭转弹性体用于阻尼内燃机的扭转振动。扭转弹性体可以设计为扭转振动阻尼器。扭转弹性体例如呈在周向方向上有效的弹簧装置的形式、例如布置成分布在圆周上的弧形弹簧,并且因此第一子动力传动系可以分配有主要离心质量,并且第二子动力传动系可以分配有辅助离心质量例如转子质量和/或类似物,以便实现双质量离心效果。所述两个子动力传动系中的至少一个子动力传动系、特别是第二子动力传动系可以配有离心摆,以用于进行速度自适应扭转振动阻尼。
为了能够可靠且快速地识别内燃机的扭矩曲线以及例如内燃机在运行中的失火和其他异常,这些异常通过比较所述两个装置的旋转特性值来确定,如果可能的话实时地确定。
通过在两个装置的旋转特征值和旋转特征值中的变化的时间偏差、即例如内燃机和电机的旋转特征值的变化的时间偏差方面评估这两个装置的信号,可以识别哪个扭矩作用在哪个子动力传动系的质量上。例如,可以评估扭矩波动是由内燃机还是由混合动力传动系的输出引起的。
例如,将这些曲线与基于内燃机的控制的目标值进行比较,或者与内燃机的气缸的前一个工作冲程和后一个工作冲程的实际值进行比较,可以实时提供用于失火的重要信号。
例如,可以基于旋转特征值的变化进行比较,该旋转特征值的变化是不同气缸中的彼此直接相继进行的至少两个点火过程的结果。例如,可以以滑动的方式连续检测三个点火过程,并且可以将平均点火过程与之前的点火过程和之后的点火过程进行比较,以便在出现显著偏差的情况下识别失火。替代性地,可以以较短的时间延迟对相同气缸的点火曲线进行连续地相互比较,以便能够在点火曲线出现显著变化的情况下以改进的方式识别特定气缸的失火。
替代性地或附加地,可以利用内燃机的工作循环期间的旋转参数的曲线变化和/或由于至少一个气缸的点火曲线导致的旋转参数的变化与至少一个气缸的所存储的点火曲线来进行比较。这种点火曲线可以根据内燃机的控制、例如根据内燃机的控制变量比如节流阀位置、阀设置等被连续地调整和评估。
替代性地或附加地,可以在内燃机的工作循环期间在内燃机的控制干预保持不变的情况下利用两个子动力传动系的旋转角度的变化或旋转角度的曲线的变化来进行比较。如果不存在对变化的扭矩的控制干预,则可以认为扭转弹性体处的旋转角度的变化可以追溯到失火。
例如,旋转特征值的变化可以使用状态估计器来检测和确定。
例如为转数、旋转速度、旋转加速度和/或旋转角度的旋转特征值可以由装置记录。从这些经检测到的旋转特征值中,可以在两个子动力传动系中和/或在扭转弹性体中利用其他系统固有的变量比如有效杠杆、传动比、质量等来确定存在的动能和/或势能、经传递的扭矩和/或速度和/或旋转加速度。
例如,用于曲轴的旋转编码器可以作为第一装置。为此,传感器环可以布置在扭转弹性体上、例如扭转振动阻尼器上,其增量由固定的传感器检测。用于对电机的电子换向所用的转子的增量进行检测的一个或多个霍尔传感器中的一个霍尔传感器或布置在另一位置的传感器装置可以用作第二装置。替代性地,状态观测器可以用作第二装置,其利用在电机的定子中所感应的电变量比如感应电流、感应电压等在无需传感器的情况下确定转子的旋转特征值以及因此确定第二子动力传动系的旋转特征值,并且因此控制电机。
所提出的混合动力传动系包括:第一子动力传动系,第一子动力传动系包括内燃机和用于检测内燃机的曲轴的旋转特征值的第一装置;第二子动力传动系,第二子动力传动系具有带有转子的电机以及用于检测旋转特征值以控制电机的第二装置;以及布置在曲轴与转子之间的扭转弹性体、特别是扭转振动阻尼器。使用所提出的方法来操作动力传动系。
附图说明
参照单个附图中的示例性实施方式更详细地解释本发明。该附图示出了混合动力传动系的示意图。
具体实施方式
示意性地示出的混合动力传动系1包括子动力传动系2、3。子动力传动系2包括此处具有四个气缸5的内燃发动机4和由内燃发动机驱动旋转的曲轴6。曲轴6上容置有扭转弹性体7,该扭转弹性体在此处为扭转振动阻尼器、比如双质量飞轮,该扭转弹性体将子动力传动系2与子动力传动系3分离。用于检测曲轴6的旋转特征值并因此控制内燃机的装置8被分配给第一子动力传动系2。为此目的,传感器环布置在扭转弹性体7的输入部分上,其增量由传感器检测并且由此确定相应的旋转特征值,例如旋转速度、旋转角度、旋转加速度等。
扭转弹性体的输出部分以旋转锁定的方式连接至电机9的转子10。电机被分配给子动力传动系3。借助于用于确定旋转特征值的装置11来控制电机9。例如,装置11可以由一个或更多个霍尔传感器形成,所述霍尔传感器检测来自布置在转子上的发送器装置的增量或以旋转锁定的方式连接至转子的部件的增量,并且使用这些增量来确定转子10的旋转特征值,以便使用它们来控制电机的换向并且确定转子随时间的位置。替代性地,电机9可以在无需传感器的情况下借助于装置11来控制,其中,定子12的电变量借助于状态观测器来检测和评估。
为了在所提出的方法中快速且可靠地确定内燃机4的失火,来自装置8、11的信号由未示出的控制单元共同评估。以这种方式,可以确定或至少估计子动力传动系2、3的旋转特性,并且因此可以确定或至少估计在混合动力传动系的系统特性的知识或建模的情况下子动力传动系2、3和扭转弹性体7上的影响变量,比如所施加的扭矩、旋转加速度、质量惯性矩等。
例如,通过比较装置8、11的扭转特性,可以检测扭转弹性体7之前和之后的点火过程的影响,并且由此可以检测失火对两个子动力传动系2、3的影响。例如,可以对气缸5的连续点火过程的形状进行相互比较,并且可以从形状的变化中实时检测失火。替代性地或附加地,通过在其他恒定条件下、比如在内燃机4中不存在发动机干预并且没有改变电机9的控制的情况下观察曲轴6与转子10之间的旋转角度,由于旋转角度的变化或在工作冲程期间旋转角度的变化、或者例如从旋转角度的变化中可以检测到一个或更多个压缩值的变化,则可能发生失火。
附图标记说明
1 混合动力传动系
2 子动力传动系
3 子动力传动系
4 内燃机
5 气缸
6 曲轴
7 扭转弹性体
8 装置
9 电机
10 转子
11 装置
12 定子。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于确定混合动力传动系(1)的特别是失火的内燃机(4)的扭矩曲线的方法,所述内燃机受扭转振动影响并且具有曲轴(6),所述混合动力传动系具有第一子动力传动系(2)和第二子动力传动系(3),所述第一子动力传动系具有所述内燃机(4)和用于检测所述第一子动力传动系(2)的旋转特征值以便控制所述内燃机(4)的第一装置(8),所述第二子动力传动系借助于扭转弹性体(7)与所述第一子动力传动系分离,并且所述第二子动力传动系具有带有转子(10)的电机(9)和用于检测所述转子(10)的旋转特征值以便控制所述电机(9)的第二装置(11),其特征在于,通过比较这两个装置(8,11)的旋转特征值来确定所述内燃机(4)的失火。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,利用所述旋转特征值的变化进行所述比较,所述旋转特征值的变化是所述内燃机的不同气缸(5)或相同气缸(5)的至少两个连续点火过程的结果。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,利用由于至少一个气缸(5)的点火曲线导致的旋转特征值的变化与所述至少一个气缸(5)的所存储的并且可选地连续调整的点火曲线来进行所述比较。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述内燃机(4)的控制干预不变的情况下利用所述曲轴(6)与所述转子(10)之间的旋转角度的变化来进行所述比较。
5.根据权利要求2至4中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,借助于状态估计器来检测和确定所述旋转特征值的变化。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,通过所述装置(8,11)检测和确定所述旋转特征值,所述旋转特征值为旋转转数、旋转速度、旋转加速度和/或旋转角度。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,相应地施加的动能和/或势能、经传递的扭矩和/或所施加的速度和/或旋转加速度由所述子动力传动系(2,3)和/或所述扭转弹性体(7)中的所述旋转特征值来确定。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,借助于用于控制电机(9)的电动换向的传感器装置来检测和确定所述第二子动力传动系(3)的所述旋转特征值。
9.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二子动力传动系(3)的所述旋转特征值借助于电机(9)的状态观测器来检测和确定,所述电机在无需传感器的情况下使用在所述电机的定子(12)中感应的电变量来控制。
10.一种混合动力传动系(1),所述混合动力传动系具有:第一子动力传动系(2),所述第一子动力传动系包括内燃机(4)和用于检测所述内燃机(4)的曲轴(6)的旋转特征值的第一装置(8);第二子动力传动系(3),所述第二子动力传动系具有带有转子(10)的电机(9)以及用于检测旋转特征值以控制所述电机(9)的第二装置(11);以及布置在所述曲轴(6)与所述转子(10)之间的用于实施根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的方法的扭转弹性体(7)、特别地扭转振动阻尼器。
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