CN114927677B - Flexible sodium battery anode material and green preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Flexible sodium battery anode material and green preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114927677B
CN114927677B CN202210608710.7A CN202210608710A CN114927677B CN 114927677 B CN114927677 B CN 114927677B CN 202210608710 A CN202210608710 A CN 202210608710A CN 114927677 B CN114927677 B CN 114927677B
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flexible
tin
anode material
zinc
battery anode
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CN114927677A (en
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冯金奎
安永灵
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H01M4/662Alloys
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a flexible sodium battery anode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: placing the flexible current collector in electroplating solution, depositing tin and zinc on the flexible current collector in an electrodeposition mode, and then charging to dissolve the deposited zinc to obtain a flexible porous tin negative electrode material; the electroplating solution comprises zinc salt, tin salt, trisodium citrate and tartaric acid. The invention adopts the integrated technology of electrodeposition alloying-dealloying to prepare the porous tin anode material, the preparation process is simple and feasible, green and environment-friendly, and the invention is expected to realize mass production.

Description

Flexible sodium battery anode material and green preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrode material preparation, and particularly relates to a flexible sodium battery negative electrode material, a green preparation method and application thereof, and the prepared negative electrode material is particularly suitable for sodium batteries.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Among the alloy cathode materials of sodium batteries, the metallic tin cathode has high theoretical specific capacity (847 mAh g -1) and lower reaction potential, so that the alloy cathode material has great application potential. However, in the circulation process, larger volume expansion (420%) can be generated, the structure of the electrode can be damaged, and then the electrode material is pulverized and crushed so as to fall off the current collector; in addition, a large volume change may form an unstable SEI film, thereby consuming electrolyte and sodium ions, resulting in rapid decay of capacity.
The problem can be effectively solved by making the tin material porous, the porous structure has large specific surface area, and the shell increases the contact area of the electrolyte; the pore canal structure can provide a channel for rapid diffusion of sodium ions; in addition, the volume change in the circulation process can be buffered, and the circulation stability of the material is improved. The special porous structure can improve the electrochemical performance of the tin anode to a certain extent.
The existing preparation method of porous tin has the problems of complex process, harsh conditions, requirement for toxic substances and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a flexible sodium battery anode material and a green preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of a flexible sodium battery anode material, comprising the following steps:
Placing the flexible current collector in electroplating solution, depositing tin and zinc on the flexible current collector in an electrodeposition mode, and then charging to dissolve the deposited zinc to obtain a flexible porous tin negative electrode material;
The electroplating solution comprises zinc salt, tin salt, trisodium citrate and tartaric acid.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a flexible sodium battery anode material prepared by the preparation method.
The beneficial effects achieved by one or more embodiments of the present invention described above are as follows:
The invention adopts the integrated technology of electrodeposition alloying-dealloying to prepare the porous tin anode material, the preparation process is simple and feasible, green and environment-friendly, and the invention is expected to realize mass production.
The zinc obtained by dealloying can be recycled, so that the utilization rate of materials can be improved, and the production cost is further reduced.
The proportion of different metals in the zinc-tin alloy can be regulated by regulating parameters in the alloying process, so that the pore size and distribution of the porous tin of the product can be regulated.
The porosity of the porous tin can be adjusted by adjusting parameters in the dealloying process.
The flexible porous tin material prepared by the invention has good mechanical properties, can effectively buffer volume change in the circulation process, keeps the stability of the structure and obtains good circulation performance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
Figure 1 is an XRD pattern of porous tin of the product of example 1.
Fig. 2 is a cyclic voltammogram of the product porous tin of example 1 as the negative electrode material for a sodium ion battery.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of a flexible sodium battery anode material, comprising the following steps:
Placing the flexible current collector in electroplating solution, depositing tin and zinc on the flexible current collector in an electrodeposition mode, and then charging to dissolve the deposited zinc to obtain a flexible porous tin negative electrode material;
The electroplating solution comprises zinc salt, tin salt, trisodium citrate and tartaric acid.
Trisodium citrate is used as a conductive salt to improve the conductivity of the electrolyte, and tartaric acid is used for stabilizing the pH value of the electroplating solution.
In some embodiments, the flexible current collector is selected from copper foil, aluminum foil, carbon-based material, or Mxenes.
In some embodiments, the zinc salt is zinc chloride or zinc sulfate.
Preferably, the concentration of zinc salt is 0.01 to 0.5mol L -1.
In some embodiments, the tin salt is tin chloride.
Preferably, the concentration of tin chloride is 0.01 to 0.5mol L -1.
Preferably, the concentration of trisodium citrate is 0.2 to 1.0mol L -1.
Preferably, the concentration of tartaric acid is 0.05 to 0.5mol L -1.
Too large concentrations of zinc and tin salts can cause too large and uneven electrodeposited particles, too small concentrations, and too small amounts of electrodeposited active material. Too low a concentration of trisodium citrate can result in too low a conductivity of the electrolyte and too high a concentration can exceed its solubility. Too high a concentration of tartaric acid results in a meta-acidity of the electrolyte, and too low a concentration can cause the solution to be meta-alkaline.
In some embodiments, the solvent of the plating solution is a mixed solution of water and ethylene glycol.
Preferably, the volume ratio of water to glycol is 3:1-1:3.
In some embodiments, the electrodeposition is a constant current discharge with a current density of 10 to 50mA cm -2 for a period of 30s to 2 hours.
Preferably, the charging is constant-current charging, the current density is 1-20 mA cm -2, and the time is 300s-6h.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a flexible porous tin anode material, which is prepared by the preparation method.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A flexible sodium battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof are provided:
electroplating solution: 0.2M SnCl 4+0.2M ZnCl2 +0.12M trisodium citrate+0.15M tartaric acid.
Placing copper foil in the electroplating solution, wherein the constant-current discharge current is 10mA cm -2, and the time is 3min; and then charging for 32min under the current density of 1mA cm -2, washing and drying to obtain the flexible porous tin material, wherein the pore size distribution of the porous tin material is 500-600nm.
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of porous tin of the product of example 1, and characteristic peaks of tin are observed, and other impurity peaks are not present, thus indicating that a high-purity porous tin material is synthesized.
Fig. 2 is a cyclic voltammogram of the product porous tin of example 1 as the negative electrode material for a sodium ion battery. The characteristic peaks of the tin material when sodium is stored are shown, and in addition, the overlapped curves further illustrate that the synthesized porous tin material has good cycle performance.
Example 2
A flexible sodium battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof are provided:
electroplating solution: 0.15M SnCl 4+0.15M ZnCl2 +0.12M trisodium citrate+0.11M tartaric acid
Placing copper foil in the electroplating solution, wherein the constant-current discharge current is 15mA cm -2, and the time is 2min; and then charging for 17min under the current density of 2mA cm -2, washing and drying to obtain the flexible porous tin material, wherein the pore size distribution of the porous tin material is 800-900nm.
Example 3
A flexible sodium battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof are provided:
Electroplating solution: 0.08M SnCl 4+0.08M ZnCl2 +0.12M trisodium citrate+0.15M tartaric acid
Placing copper foil in the electroplating solution, wherein the constant-current discharge current is 18mA cm -2, and the time is 2min; and then charging for 40min under the current density of 1mA cm -2, washing and drying to obtain the flexible porous tin material, wherein the pore size distribution of the porous tin material is 900-950nm.
Example 4
A flexible sodium battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof are provided:
Electroplating solution: 0.2M SnCl 4+0.2M ZnCl2 +0.12M trisodium citrate+0.15M tartaric acid
Placing a Ti 3C2 film in the electroplating solution, wherein the constant-current discharge current is 10mA cm -2, and the time is 3min; and then charging for 32min under the current density of 1mA cm -2, washing and drying to obtain the flexible porous tin material, wherein the pore size distribution of the porous tin material is 600-650nm.
Example 5
A flexible sodium battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof are provided:
electroplating solution: 0.15M SnCl 4+0.15M ZnCl2 +0.12M trisodium citrate+0.11M tartaric acid
Disposing carbon in the electroplating solution, wherein the constant current discharge current is 15mA cm -2, and the time is 2min; and then charging for 17min under the current density of 2mA cm -2, washing and drying to obtain the flexible porous tin material, wherein the pore size distribution of the porous tin material is 750-900nm.
Example 6
A flexible sodium battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof are provided:
Electroplating solution: 0.08M SnCl 4+0.08M ZnCl2 +0.12M trisodium citrate+0.15M tartaric acid
Placing a carbon net in the electroplating solution, wherein the constant-current discharge current is 18mA cm ~2, and the time is 2min; and then charging for 40min under the current density of 1mA cm -2, washing and drying to obtain the flexible porous tin material, wherein the pore size distribution of the porous tin material is 900-950nm.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a flexible sodium battery anode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
Placing the flexible current collector in electroplating solution, depositing tin and zinc on the flexible current collector in an electrodeposition mode, and then charging to dissolve the deposited zinc to obtain a flexible porous tin negative electrode material;
The electroplating solution comprises zinc salt, tin salt, trisodium citrate and tartaric acid;
The electrodeposition is constant-current discharge, the current density is 10-50 mA cm -2, and the time is 30 s-2 h;
The charging is constant-current charging, the current density is 1-20 mA cm -2, and the time is 300s-6h.
2. The method for preparing the flexible sodium battery anode material according to claim 1, wherein: the flexible current collector is selected from copper foil, aluminum foil, carbon-based material or Mxenes.
3. The method for preparing the flexible sodium battery anode material according to claim 1, wherein: the zinc salt is zinc chloride or zinc sulfate; the concentration of the zinc salt is 0.01-0.5 mol L -1.
4. The method for preparing the flexible sodium battery anode material according to claim 1, wherein: the tin salt is tin chloride; the concentration of the stannic chloride is 0.01-0.5 mol L -1.
5. The method for preparing the flexible sodium battery anode material according to claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the trisodium citrate is 0.2-1.0 mol L -1; the concentration of tartaric acid is 0.05-0.5 mol L -1.
6. The method for preparing the flexible sodium battery anode material according to claim 1, wherein: the solvent of the electroplating solution is a mixed solution of water and glycol.
7. The method for producing a battery anode material according to claim 6, characterized in that: the volume ratio of water to glycol is 3:1-1:3.
8. A flexible sodium battery cathode material is characterized in that: the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
CN202210608710.7A 2022-05-31 2022-05-31 Flexible sodium battery anode material and green preparation method and application thereof Active CN114927677B (en)

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CN115498192A (en) * 2022-09-21 2022-12-20 山东大学 Flexible cathode of sodium ion battery and preparation method thereof

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101001982A (en) * 2004-08-10 2007-07-18 迪普索尔化学株式会社 Tin-zinc alloy electroplating method
CN101752554A (en) * 2010-01-04 2010-06-23 北京航空航天大学 Method for preparing Sn-Zn alloy cathode material of lithium ion battery
CN108441911A (en) * 2018-03-20 2018-08-24 中南大学 The method that cathodic electrodeposition prepares manganese cobalt composite material

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101001982A (en) * 2004-08-10 2007-07-18 迪普索尔化学株式会社 Tin-zinc alloy electroplating method
CN101752554A (en) * 2010-01-04 2010-06-23 北京航空航天大学 Method for preparing Sn-Zn alloy cathode material of lithium ion battery
CN108441911A (en) * 2018-03-20 2018-08-24 中南大学 The method that cathodic electrodeposition prepares manganese cobalt composite material

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Dealloying: An effective method for scalable fabrication of 0D, 1D, 2D, 3D materials and its application in energy storage;Yongling An等;《Nano Today》;第1-53页 *
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