CN114923569A - Multispectral camera based on computational imaging - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multispectral camera based on computational imaging, comprising: the device comprises a light source, a structured light generating device, a lens group, a multispectral detector, a data collecting device and a data processing device which are arranged in sequence, or the lens group, the structured light generating device, the multispectral detector, the data collecting device and the data processing device which are arranged in sequence. The invention can realize spatial resolution by utilizing a non-array detector without spatial resolution capability by utilizing a computational imaging algorithm, and avoids manufacturing and using an array detector, so that a plurality of non-array narrow-band single-wavelength detectors can be used for spectral resolution, and the cost can be greatly reduced. Meanwhile, by designing a non-array narrow-band single-wavelength detector, multi-wavelength detection of a single device is realized, an additional light splitting device and an optical filtering device can be avoided, and the problems of imaging speed, volume and spectrum quantity are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of multispectral imaging, and relates to a multispectral camera based on computational imaging.
Background
The multispectral imaging technology is an imaging technology provided in the 70 s of the 20 th century, and an incident full-wave band/wide-wave band optical signal is divided into a plurality of wave bands through a spectrum separation element, so that the spectral characteristics and the space image information of a detection target can be simultaneously obtained, and therefore, the imaging technology has wide application prospects in the aspects of advanced scientific research and exploration (such as lunar surface mapping), military application (such as pre-enemy reconnaissance), biomedical application (such as tumor detection) and the like.
However, existing multispectral cameras have one or more of the following disadvantages: 1, the cost is high; 2, the imaging speed is low, and all spectral images are difficult to be consistent in time and space; 3, the volume is large; 4, the number of spectra is small.
Multispectral imaging is classified into active and passive. In the active mode, a light source on a camera is used to illuminate an imaging object, and an array detector (such as a Charge-coupled Device (CCD) and a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)) is used to obtain spatial information of the object, so as to implement a photographing function. The passive type is to utilize natural light (composite light, no spectrum information) such as sunlight to illuminate an imaging object, and also utilizes the array type detector to obtain object space information. In order to improve the resolution, the array detector usually has more than one million pixels, so the process is complex and the manufacturing cost is expensive. The silicon detectors used by the common mobile phones and cameras have large production scale, mature technology and greatly reduced cost, but the array detectors using other materials as substrates have extremely high cost for manufacturing narrow-band single-wavelength detectors and realizing spectral resolution. If a narrow-band single-wavelength detector is not used, the composite light needs to be split or filtered into monochromatic light for obtaining spectral information, and a light splitting or filtering device can be placed at a light source or an array detector. The common light splitting devices are prisms, gratings and the like, and can realize electrodeless light splitting, so that the number of spectrums is large, but the size is large, and the other dimension (y) except a wavelength dimension (lambda) and a length dimension (x) needs to be scanned, so that the imaging speed is low; the commonly used optical filter devices are a rotating optical filter, a linear gradient optical filter, an acousto-optic tunable optical filter and the like, the number of available spectrums of the optical filter devices is small, and a large amount of time (namely lambda wavelength dimension scanning) is needed for converting the filtering wavelength, so that the imaging speed is slow, and the spectral images are difficult to be consistent in space and time.
Therefore, how to simultaneously realize a multispectral camera with low cost, high imaging speed, small volume and large spectrum number becomes a key problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a multispectral camera based on computed imaging. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a multispectral camera based on computational imaging, which comprises: the device comprises a light source, a structured light generating device, a lens group, a multispectral detector, a data acquisition device and a data processing device which are arranged in sequence, or the lens group, the structured light generating device, the multispectral detector, the data acquisition device and the data processing device which are arranged in sequence.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the multispectral camera is active:
the light source is used for emitting uniform light;
the structured light generating device is used for converting the uniform light into structured light;
the lens group is used for focusing the structural light onto a shot object;
the multispectral detector is used for converting the light reflected by the shot object into a photoelectric signal;
the data acquisition device is used for acquiring the photoelectric signals converted by the multispectral detector;
and the data processing device is used for restoring the photoelectric signals acquired by the data acquisition device into a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image.
In one embodiment of the present invention, when the multispectral camera is passive, the natural light irradiates on the object to be photographed, and diffuse reflected light is obtained:
the lens group is used for focusing the diffuse reflection light onto the structured light generation device;
the structured light generating device is used for converting the diffuse reflection light into structured light;
the multispectral detector is used for converting the structured light into a photoelectric signal;
the data acquisition device is used for acquiring the photoelectric signals converted by the multispectral detector;
and the data processing device is used for restoring the photoelectric signals acquired by the data acquisition device into a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image.
In one embodiment of the invention, the structured light generating device comprises a spatial light modulator, a digital micromirror array, or an array of light sources.
In one embodiment of the invention, the structured light comprises a hadamard-based light, a fourier-based light or an organic light spot.
In one embodiment of the invention, the multispectral detector comprises a self-filtering, multi-wavelength, narrow-band detector or an array of multi-wavelength, narrow-band detectors.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the self-filtering multi-wavelength narrow-band detector includes n sets of detectors stacked from top to bottom in sequence, where the n sets of detectors are used for detecting light of n different wavelengths, and each set of detectors includes a first electrode, a photosensitive layer, and a second electrode stacked from top to bottom in sequence.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode and the second electrode are both transparent electrodes.
In one embodiment of the invention, the data acquisition device comprises a multi-channel data acquisition device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a multispectral camera based on computational imaging. By utilizing a computational imaging algorithm, spatial resolution can be realized by utilizing a non-array detector without spatial resolution capability, and the array detector is prevented from being manufactured and used, so that a plurality of non-array narrowband single-wavelength detectors can be used for spectral resolution, and the cost caused by the adoption of a plurality of narrowband single-wavelength array detectors in the prior art can be greatly reduced. Meanwhile, by designing a non-array narrow-band single-wavelength detector, multi-wavelength detection of a single device is realized, an additional light splitting device and an optical filtering device can be avoided, and the problems of imaging speed, volume and spectrum quantity are solved; or different non-array narrow-band single-wavelength detectors can be used in parallel, and the function can be realized.
Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are designed solely for purposes of illustration and not as a definition of the limits of the invention, for which reference should be made to the appended claims. It should be further understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale and that, unless otherwise indicated, they are merely intended to conceptually illustrate the structures and procedures described herein.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an active multispectral camera based on computational imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive multispectral camera based on computed imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a self-filtering multispectral detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hardware and software processing procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example one
The embodiment of the invention provides a multispectral camera based on computational imaging, which comprises: the device comprises a light source, a structured light generating device, a lens group, a multispectral detector, a data collecting device and a data processing device which are arranged in sequence, or the lens group, the structured light generating device, the multispectral detector, the data collecting device and the data processing device which are arranged in sequence.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an active multispectral camera based on computational imaging, when the multispectral camera is active:
a light source for emitting uniform light;
a structured light generating means for converting the uniform light into structured light;
a lens group for focusing the structured light onto the object to be photographed;
the multispectral detector is used for converting light reflected by a shot object into a photoelectric signal;
the data acquisition device is used for acquiring photoelectric signals converted by the multispectral detector;
and the data processing device is used for restoring the photoelectric signals acquired by the data acquisition device into a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image.
Specifically, the active multispectral camera is an object (i.e. a photographed object) that is imaged by illuminating a light source on the camera. The uniform light emitted by the light source is changed into the structured light through the structured light generating device, the structured light is projected onto an imaging object through the lens group, the multispectral detector and the data acquisition device are used for obtaining image signals, and the data processing device is used for obtaining object space information through a calculation imaging algorithm to realize the photographing function.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a passive multispectral camera based on computational imaging, and when the multispectral camera is passive, natural light is irradiated onto a photographed object to obtain diffuse reflection light:
a lens group for focusing the diffuse reflection light onto the structured light generating device;
a structured light generating device for converting the diffuse reflected light into structured light;
the multispectral detector is used for converting the structured light into a photoelectric signal;
the data acquisition device is used for acquiring photoelectric signals converted by the multispectral detector;
and the data processing device is used for restoring the photoelectric signals acquired by the data acquisition device into a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image.
Specifically, the passive multispectral camera illuminates an imaged object by using natural light such as sunlight, the obtained diffuse reflection light is focused by a lens group (namely a lens) and is changed into structured light by a structured light generating device, then an image signal is obtained by using a multispectral detector and a data acquisition device, and object space information is obtained by using a calculation imaging algorithm in a data processing device, so that the photographing function is realized.
In this embodiment, the light source can emit uniform light, similar to a conventional camera flash.
In this embodiment, for the active type, the function of the structured light generating device is to convert uniform light into structured light, and for the passive type, the function of the structured light generating device is to convert diffuse reflection light into structured light, and the structured light generating device may be a spatial light modulator, a digital micromirror array, or an electrically controllable light source array, such as an LED array.
Preferably, the structured light may be a group of hadamard substrate lights, a fourier substrate light, a random light spot, or a light spot of other substrates.
In this embodiment, the lens group is a device (i.e. a lens) for focusing light with a matched wavelength, and in the active multispectral camera, the lens group may be a projection lens of a projector, a lens of a telescopic system, or a single convex lens, and in the passive spectral camera, the lens group may be a conventional camera lens, or a single convex lens.
In this embodiment, the function of the multispectral detector is to convert each wavelength of light into a corresponding photoelectric signal.
Preferably, the multispectral detector is a self-filtering, multi-wavelength, narrow-band detector.
Furthermore, the multispectral detector comprises n groups of detectors which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, wherein the n groups of detectors are used for detecting n kinds of light with different wavelengths, and each group of detectors comprises a first electrode, a photosensitive layer and a second electrode which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom. Referring to fig. 3, the first group of detectors includes an electrode 1, a photosensitive layer 1 and an electrode 2, the second group of detectors includes an electrode 3, a photosensitive layer 2 and an electrode 4, and so on, and the nth group of detectors includes an electrode 2n-1, a photosensitive layer n and an electrode 2 n. When light is irradiated from the upper part, the shortest wave part is absorbed by the photosensitive layer 1 and converted into a photoelectric signal, and the long wave part is transmitted; the sub-short wave is absorbed by the photosensitive layer 2 and converted into photoelectric signals, the long wave is transmitted, and so on. The electrodes 1-2 n are all transparent electrodes, and the connecting electrode 1 and the electrode 2 are detectors1, connecting electrode 3 and electrode 4 are detector 2, and so on. Thus, detector 1-detector n detect different wavelengths, respectively. In addition, at this time, the phenomenon of incomplete absorption of short wave part may occur, for example, the detector 2 still has a small amount of shortest wave light to the bottom, and at this time, a weighted superposition algorithm needs to be performed before the calculation of an imaging algorithm, so as to ensure that the detectors 1 to n detect different wavelengths respectively. The photosensitive layer 1-the photosensitive layer n can be different materials or different proportions of the same series of materials, and if the materials are different, for example, MAPbCl can be selected 3 、MAPbBr 3 、MAPbI 3 If the materials are the same series, MAPbBr can be selected x Cl 3-x (Cesium bromoplumbum methyl), the photosensitive layer 1-the photosensitive layer n can be MAPbBr respectively 3 ,…MAPbBr x Cl 3-x ,…MAPbCl 3 I.e., photosensitive layer 1-photosensitive layer n, x gradually decreases. Different wavelengths of light detected by the self-filtering multi-wavelength narrow-band detector come from the same optical path, and the spatial-temporal consistency of multi-spectral images output by the camera can be ensured on the premise of simultaneous acquisition.
In addition, the multispectral detector is preferably a multi-wavelength narrow-band detector array, i.e. n narrow-band detector arrays are closely stacked together, i.e. an array consisting of n stacked narrow-band detectors, which can ensure time consistency.
In this embodiment, the data acquisition device is a multi-channel data acquisition device, and acquires the photoelectric signals collected by the multispectral detector, and the number of channels matches the number of spectra of the multispectral detector.
In this embodiment, the data processing device functions to restore the acquired photoelectric signals to two-dimensional or three-dimensional images by using a computational imaging algorithm, and may be a computer or other programmable circuit. The calculation imaging algorithm is a corresponding algorithm for matching structured light, for example, the structured light is fourier-based light, the corresponding algorithm is an inverse fourier algorithm, and corresponding algorithms can be correspondingly selected for other different types of structured light, which is not described herein again.
The invention relates to a multispectral camera based on computational imaging. By utilizing a computational imaging algorithm, spatial resolution can be realized by utilizing a non-array detector without spatial resolution capability, and the array detector is not required to be manufactured and used, so that a plurality of non-array narrow-band single-wavelength detectors can be used for spectral resolution, and the cost caused by the adoption of a plurality of narrow-band single-wavelength array detectors in the prior art can be greatly reduced. Meanwhile, by designing a non-array narrow-band single-wavelength detector, multi-wavelength detection of a single device is realized, an additional light splitting device and an optical filtering device can be avoided, and the problems of imaging speed, volume and spectrum quantity are solved; or different non-array narrow-band single-wavelength detectors can be used in parallel, and the function can be realized.
Example two
The embodiment of the invention specifically illustrates the invention by taking an active photography mode and taking Fourier basis light as an example. The hardware and software processes are shown in fig. 4.
Firstly, the white light source emits emergent light which is uniformly distributed, and the emergent light irradiates the spatial modulator through the beam expanding lens group to generate structured light. The spatial light modulator is under active control, and can modulate a certain parameter of an optical field through liquid crystal molecules, for example, by modulating the amplitude of the optical field, modulating the phase through a refractive index, modulating the polarization state through rotation of a polarization plane, or realizing conversion of incoherent-coherent light, so that certain information is written into the optical wave to achieve the purpose of optical wave modulation. A spatial light modulator of the type V-6501VIS, which is composed of 1920 × 1080 digital micromirrors of 7.56 μm size, can realize the modulation of light in the range of 400-2200 nm. The multispectral detector is equivalent to a camera, and can convert an optical signal into an electric signal for processing, and then, the photoelectric signal detected by the photoelectric detector is acquired by a data source table (data acquisition device) and a computer. The data source meter has high acquisition precision and is very suitable for photoelectric signal characteristic analysis, but the data source meter has low acquisition speed of only 50Hz, and a multi-channel high-speed acquisition card can be purchased according to actual needs to meet the requirements of imaging on the imaging speed. It is possible to try to use multiple (m) sets of detectors and reduce noise by using a multi-channel averaging method, so the requirement for a multi-channel high-speed acquisition card is mn or more.
After the needed photoelectric signals are obtained, the photoacoustic image is reconstructed into individual spectral images by adopting an inverse Fourier transform method, and then a high-quality multispectral image (data cube) is synthesized by utilizing an image fusion algorithm. The imaging system software was written using the LabVIEW program. After software runs, firstly setting imaging parameters including light intensity, imaging wavelength and the like, initializing (returning to 0) an image matrix, then controlling a spatial light modulator to change the light intensity distribution of structured light (namely changing stripes), collecting photoelectric signals of a group of photoelectric detectors at the moment and storing the photoelectric signals in a data register (I (m)), then judging whether specified sampling times are finished, if not, returning to the step of controlling the spatial light modulator, and sequentially circulating; if so, the instrument is shut down.
Then the data of the data register is normalized (four-step phase shift and average) to calculate the real part and imaginary part (alpha) of the Fourier coefficient Re And alpha Im ) Then, after space Inverse Fourier Transform (IFT), the image is projected to the corresponding position of the image matrix to form a monochrome image, at the moment, the image can be displayed on a screen and stored in an image register and displayed, and the software exits to finish the photographing process.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic data point described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristic data points described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A multispectral camera based on computed imaging, the multispectral camera comprising: the device comprises a light source, a structured light generating device, a lens group, a multispectral detector, a data collecting device and a data processing device which are arranged in sequence, or the lens group, the structured light generating device, the multispectral detector, the data collecting device and the data processing device which are arranged in sequence.
2. The computed imaging based multispectral camera of claim 1, wherein when the multispectral camera is active:
the light source is used for emitting uniform light;
the structured light generating device is used for converting the uniform light into structured light;
the lens group is used for focusing the structural light onto a shot object;
the multispectral detector is used for converting the light reflected by the shot object into a photoelectric signal;
the data acquisition device is used for acquiring the photoelectric signals converted by the multispectral detector;
and the data processing device is used for restoring the photoelectric signals acquired by the data acquisition device into a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image.
3. The computed imaging based multispectral camera of claim 1, wherein when the multispectral camera is passive, natural light impinges on the object to be photographed, resulting in diffuse reflected light:
the lens group is used for focusing the diffuse reflection light onto the structured light generation device;
the structured light generating device is used for converting the diffuse reflection light into structured light;
the multispectral detector is used for converting the structured light into a photoelectric signal;
the data acquisition device is used for acquiring the photoelectric signals converted by the multispectral detector;
and the data processing device is used for restoring the photoelectric signals acquired by the data acquisition device into a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image.
4. The computed imaging based multispectral camera of claim 1, wherein the structured light generating device comprises a spatial light modulator, a digital micromirror array, or an array of light sources.
5. The computational imaging-based multispectral camera of claim 1, wherein the structured light comprises a hadamard-based light, a fourier-based light, or a machine-spot light.
6. The computational imaging-based multispectral camera of claim 1 wherein the multispectral detector comprises a self-filtering multi-wavelength narrow-band detector or an array of multi-wavelength narrow-band detectors.
7. The computational imaging-based multispectral camera of claim 6, wherein the self-filtering, multi-wavelength, narrow-band detector comprises n sets of detectors stacked from top to bottom for detecting light of n different wavelengths, each set of detectors comprising a first electrode, a photosensitive layer, and a second electrode stacked from top to bottom.
8. The computed imaging based multispectral camera of claim 7, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are both transparent electrodes.
9. The computed imaging based multispectral camera of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition device comprises a multi-channel data acquisition device.
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