CN114923531B - Threshold value self-adaptive adjusting method and ultrasonic metering device self-adaptive metering method - Google Patents
Threshold value self-adaptive adjusting method and ultrasonic metering device self-adaptive metering method Download PDFInfo
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- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic waves, in particular to a threshold value self-adaptive adjusting method and an ultrasonic metering device self-adaptive metering method, wherein the threshold value self-adaptive adjusting method comprises the following steps: determining an initial optimal threshold value after the gain of the signal amplifier is determined; judging whether long-term interference exists, if so, adaptively adjusting the initial optimal threshold value, otherwise, keeping the initial optimal threshold value unchanged; the long-term disturbance means that the flow rate changes in the duration time interval T, and the flow rate is increased in steps
Or the decreasing step of the flow rate is
Wherein N is a positive integer, N =1/2/3 \8230;, T c In order to be the ultrasonic pulse period,Lfor the length of the sound channel,c f is the speed at which the ultrasonic waves propagate in the fluid,
is the channel angle. According to the scheme of the invention, the threshold value can be adaptively adjusted according to the situation, so that the metering precision of the ultrasonic metering device is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic metering, in particular to a threshold value self-adaptive adjusting method and a self-adaptive metering method of an ultrasonic metering device.
Background
Ultrasonic wave measurement is a fluid measuring device which adopts the time method principle to measure the flow velocity of a fluid medium, and reflects the flow velocity of the fluid by measuring the forward and backward propagation time of an ultrasonic signal in the fluid. The working principle diagram is shown in fig. 1, the time of the ultrasonic wave in the downstream direction and the time of the ultrasonic wave in the upstream direction in the fluid medium are in direct proportion to the average flow velocity of the gas, the flow velocity of the fluid is obtained by calculating the relationship between the propagation time and the propagation distance of the ultrasonic wave, and the flow velocity and the product of the sound channel on the cross section area of the gas meter pipeline can obtain the flow of the gas. The relationship between the ultrasonic forward and backward travel times and the respective quantities is:
in the formula:t down （t AB ) -the time of concurrent propagation of the ultrasonic wave in the fluid, in units of s;t up （t BA ) -the time of the counter-current propagation of the ultrasonic waves in the fluid, in units of s;L-vocal tract length in m;c f -the speed of propagation of the ultrasonic waves in the fluid, known in the particular fluid, is given in m/s;v m -the axial average velocity of the fluid in m/s;
the track angle, in units. The average velocity of the fluid can be calculated according to the formula (1) and the formula (2) as follows:
in order to reduce the error, the average value of the two is generally taken,
（3）
in the formula c f Known in the particular fluid medium or as determined by equation (3) when the flow rate is zero. Namely, it is
,
In order to reduce the error, the average value of the above two values is generally taken
According to the average velocity of gas in closed conduit
And cross-sectional area of the pipe
In relation, the instantaneous flow rate can be obtained.
In the formula:
-the cross-sectional area of the pipe, in m 2 ；
-instantaneous flow rate in m 3 /h。
Calculating t up 、t down Generally, the head wave (first wave) is selected as t up And t down The arrival time is substituted into equation (3) to calculate the flow rate. To calculate the head wave, a detection threshold must be set, as shown in fig. 2. However, as shown in fig. 3, because the practical application environment is complex, various interference noises exist, some interference noises exist permanently, some interference noises occur accidentally, and in the long-term unsupervised use environment of the ultrasonic metering device, maintaining a fixed threshold value inevitably deteriorates the metering accuracy of the ultrasonic metering device. As also shown in FIG. 4, the threshold is too high because the various media being measured attenuate the transmission of ultrasonic wavesThe head wave may not be detected, and therefore the determination of the threshold value is decisive for the detection of the head wave and the accurate metering of the ultrasonic metering device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the metering accuracy of an ultrasonic metering device in the using process, and provides a threshold value self-adaptive adjusting method for head wave detection of the ultrasonic metering device and a self-adaptive metering method of the ultrasonic metering device.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a threshold value self-adaptive adjusting method comprises the following steps:
after the gain of the signal amplifier is determined, determining an initial optimal threshold value;
judging whether long-term interference exists, if so, adaptively adjusting the initial optimal threshold value to obtain a new optimal threshold value, otherwise, keeping the initial optimal threshold value unchanged;
the long-term interference means that the flow rate changes within the duration time interval T, and the flow rate becomes larger in steps
Or the decreasing step of the flow rate is
Wherein N is a positive integer, N =1/2/3 \8230;, T c Is a pulse period of the ultrasonic wave,Lfor the length of the sound channel,c f is the speed at which the ultrasonic waves propagate in the fluid,
is the channel angle.
In the above scheme, the threshold value is not fixed and is adjusted in a self-adaptive manner according to the situation, so that the head wave determined based on the threshold value is more accurate, the measurement is more accurate according to the head wave, and the measurement precision of the ultrasonic measurement device is improved.
The step of determining an initial optimal threshold value comprises: at a flow velocity v m Under the condition of =0, an inlet and an outlet of the ultrasonic metering device are blocked, the threshold value is automatically adjusted from small to large, and in the process of gradually increasing the threshold value, when the threshold value is larger than noise, t is taken up 、t down When the mean square error of (d) is less than or equal to a set value, the corresponding threshold value is taken as th 1 Taking the threshold value corresponding to the first time as th 2 Setting an optimum threshold value th opt =(th 2 +th 1 )/2；t down The time for the ultrasonic wave to travel downstream in the fluid,t up the time of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the fluid in a countercurrent manner.
The step of adaptively adjusting the initial optimal threshold value includes:
for the condition that the ultrasonic metering device is allowed to be turned off but the turn-off time period is limited, the inlet and the outlet of the ultrasonic metering device are turned off in the turn-off allowed time period, the threshold value is adaptively adjusted according to the method for determining the initial optimal threshold value under the new zero flow speed condition and after the gain of the signal amplifier is determined, and a new optimal threshold value th is found opt ；
Or, aiming at the condition that the ultrasonic metering device is not allowed to be turned off, selecting the time period which is not normally metered according to the historical record flow information, after the gain of the signal amplifier is determined, adaptively adjusting the threshold value according to the method for determining the initial optimal threshold value, and finding out a new optimal threshold value th opt ；
Or, aiming at the condition that the ultrasonic metering device is allowed to be immediately turned off, firstly, the gain and the adjusting threshold value of the signal amplifier are synchronously adjusted from small to large, and the gain coefficient and th are obtained according to the characteristic that the flow slowly changes in a short time 1 ，th 1 Value of t up 、t down When the mean square error of (2) is less than or equal to a set value, the corresponding threshold value is obtained; then, the gain is not changed, and the threshold value is continuously increased, if the flow rate is changed and the change step is
Or
Then, th is 2 Taking the value as the flow velocity v m Setting the optimal threshold value th corresponding to the threshold value when the first change occurs opt =(th 2 +th 1 )/2。
Further comprising the steps of: when the signal-to-noise ratio increases the preset value, first the threshold value is decreased, and the optimal threshold value th is obtained according to the method for determining the initial optimal threshold value opt Then gradually reducing the gain of the signal amplifier until the original signal-to-noise ratio is restored.
The environmental noise is interference, the noise becomes large, the signal to noise ratio is reduced, the amplification factor of the signal amplifying amplifier is increased, the signal gain is improved, the signal to noise ratio is improved, and meanwhile, the power consumption is increased. When the environmental noise becomes small, the signal-to-noise ratio becomes large, and it is not necessary to maintain high signal gain and high power consumption. According to the scheme, the signal gain is reduced after the signal-to-noise ratio is increased to the preset value, so that the power consumption is reduced, and the electric energy is saved.
An adaptive metering method of an ultrasonic metering device comprises the following steps:
determining an optimal threshold value according to the threshold value self-adaptive adjusting method in any embodiment;
determining a head wave according to the determined optimal threshold value, and determining t according to the head wave up And t down The arrival time of (c);
the flow q is calculated according to the following formula:
And under the condition that long-term interference exists and the ultrasonic metering device is allowed to be immediately turned off, the metering of the time of the long-term interference is removed, and the flow data in the same period of the last year is taken as the flow statistic value of the time of the long-term interference.
And under the condition that long-term interference does not exist, removing the measurement of the time of the interference, and taking the flow data in the same period of the previous year as the flow statistic value of the time of the interference.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: in the scheme of the invention, the ultrasonic metering device can automatically identify and judge long-term or non-long-term interference, adaptively adjust the threshold value, and eliminate and weaken the adverse effects, so that the ultrasonic metering device automatically, stably and reliably works according to the set metering precision for a long term without manual intervention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a working principle diagram of an ultrasonic gas meter.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of determining a head wave through a threshold value under an ideal application environment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of determining a head wave through a threshold value in an actual application environment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the expression of the head wave when the threshold value is too high.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a threshold value adaptive adjustment method for head wave detection of an ultrasonic metering device provided in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, in the method for adaptively adjusting the threshold value provided in this embodiment, the threshold value is mainly used for detecting a head wave of an ultrasonic metering device. The method comprises the following steps:
s1, after the gain of the signal amplifier is determined, an initial optimal threshold value is determined.
The ultrasonic metering device starts to work at a static flow velocity v when being installed in a working environment m Condition of =0 (flow rate v) m =0, the flow is zero and is smaller than the minimum flow and the start flow of the ultrasonic metering device), the inlet and the outlet of the ultrasonic metering device are blocked, the threshold value is automatically adjusted from small to large, and the threshold value th is smaller than noise at the beginning, so that the measured t is up 、t down （t up 、t down See formulas (1) and (2) in the background art) are not accurate, v m Also varies randomlyOf (1); continue to increase the threshold value, when the threshold value th 1 When the value is larger than the noise, a more stable t is obtained up 、t down Get t up 、t down Initial stabilization (initial stabilization means: t) up 、t down The rate of change in the set time is less than the set value, for example, within + -2%, or defined as t up 、t down Mean square error of (d) is less than or equal to a set value) as th 1 (ii) a Continue to increase the threshold value, t up 、t down Are more and more stable; continue to increase the threshold value th 2 （th 2 The threshold value corresponding to the second wave just found) is obtained, and t is found although the second wave is found because the amplitude of the head wave is exceeded up And t down One period of the transmitted wave signal is increased, which is known, so that for best operation an optimum threshold value th is set opt =(th 2 +th 1 )/2. After adjusting well opt Then, the metering system of the ultrasonic metering device can work normally, namely, the metering is accurately carried out according to the formula in the background technology.
And S2, judging whether long-term interference exists or not, and if so, adaptively adjusting the optimal threshold value.
When the environment of the metering system changes suddenly and the environmental noise becomes large, and when the previous optimal threshold value is reached, the stable head wave searching can be failed, and the flow velocity v m It will vary strongly (the effect of random noise is superimposed on one or more signal periods) and the burst size (while the actual flow value is slowly varying). At this point, a time interval T is set, and if this time interval is exceeded, the flow rate v m And the threshold value is not smoothed, and at the moment, the long-term interference is considered to be met, the normal metering cannot be carried out, and the optimal threshold value needs to be adjusted.
That is, during use, the flow velocity v is measured m Whether there is long-term interference is determined if the flow velocity v is constant m If the outburst size is small and the continuously set time interval T is not flat, judging that long-term interference exists, otherwise, judging that the interference existsThere is no long-term interference. Here, if the step of the change in the flow rate is
Or
The size of the flow-rate burst is considered, where N is a positive integer, N =1/2/3 \8230;, T c In order to be the ultrasonic pulse period,Lfor the length of the sound channel, it is,c f is the speed at which the ultrasonic waves propagate in the fluid,
is the channel angle. That is, a long-term disturbance means that the flow rate varies over the duration of time interval T and that the flow rate increases in steps of magnitude
Or the decreasing step of the flow rate is
。
When it is determined that long-term interference exists, in the present embodiment, 3 measures are proposed to adaptively adjust the optimal threshold value for different situations.
The first measure is as follows: when the ultrasonic metering is allowed to be turned off (namely, the ultrasonic metering is not an application occasion such as large-flow metering or key metering, 24-hour uninterrupted metering is not needed every year for 365 days, and temporary stop can be carried out by button or network setting) but the turning-off time interval is limited, the valve is turned off (the inlet and the outlet are turned off) in the turning-off allowed time interval, the automatic gain of the receiving signal amplifier is adjusted and the threshold value is adjusted in an adaptive manner under the condition of new zero flow, and a new optimal threshold value th is found opt . The way to find the new optimal threshold here is to determine the optimal threshold th according to the method in step S1 opt 。
The second measure is as follows: when the ultrasonic measurement is not allowed to be switched off, the quality of the signal is continuously detected (the quality of the signal refers to whether the signal is relatively stable or not)Definitely, no occurrence of large and small protrusions) and t up 、t down Combining the clock of the ultrasonic metering device, selecting the time period not to be metered normally (that is, searching the optimal threshold value until the time period not to be metered normally) according to the historical flow information, wherein the flow velocity v is m Close to zero, the automatic gain of the receiving signal amplifier is adjusted and the threshold value is adjusted adaptively to find out a new optimal threshold value th opt . The way to find the new optimal threshold here is to determine the optimal threshold th according to the method in step S1 opt 。
The third measure is as follows: the threshold value and the amplifier gain are adjusted immediately for the case where the ultrasonic meter device is allowed to be turned off immediately. Firstly, synchronously adjusting the gain of the amplifier and the threshold value, adjusting from small to large (here, the original optimal threshold value is abandoned, and the adjustment is started from the minimum value of the gain of the amplifier and the threshold gain), and obtaining the gain coefficient and th according to the characteristic that the flow is not violently changed (slowly changed) in a short time 1 （t up 、t down The mean square error of the flow rate is less than or equal to a set value), then the gain is not changed, the threshold value is continuously increased, if the flow rate is changed and the change step length is
Or
Then, th 2 Taking the value as the flow velocity v m Setting the optimal threshold value th corresponding to the threshold value when the first change occurs opt =(th 2 +th 1 )/2. Meanwhile, according to historical flow record information, flow estimation and measurement in the period of the fault are carried out, and loss is further reduced. As a simplest implementation, the flow estimation is to take historical flow data of a same time period, for example, a same season, a same month, a same date in the last year, as a flow statistic.
The signal amplifier amplifies a useful signal, increases the signal-to-noise ratio to make the signal larger than noise, and then the threshold value can be adjusted, so that the gain of the signal amplifier also needs to be adaptively adjusted when the threshold value is adaptively adjusted.
If the interference is not long-term interference, the optimal threshold value is not adjusted, but the energy calculation is estimated by using historical data, namely the measurement of the interference in the period of time can be removed, and the flow estimation measurement of the interference in the period of time is carried out according to the historical measurement data (because the time is short, the accumulated measurement is not influenced), for example, the flow data in the same period of the last year is taken as the flow statistic value of the interference in the period of time.
In order to save power consumption, when the environmental noise becomes smaller, the amplification gain of the signal amplifier needs to be adjusted smaller. For this purpose, the ultrasonic meter is periodically timed to a flow velocity v based on a clock and historical flow data m And when the signal is zero or small (smaller than a set value), the gain of the signal amplifier is automatically adjusted. First, the threshold is decreased to obtain the optimal threshold th opt (combining the clock of the ultrasonic metering device, according to the historical flow information, selecting the period without metering normally to adjust, the adjusting mode adopts the mode in the step S1), and then gradually reducing the automatic gain until t of the ultrasonic metering device up 、t down The gain at this time is the minimum operating gain until the two variables cannot maintain a stable relationship. However, in order to resist interference, a safety value needs to be added (i.e. a certain redundancy is left), for example, the gain is gradually reduced until the original signal-to-noise ratio is restored. As one implementation, the environmental noise becomes smaller according to the increase of the snr by a preset value, for example, 5%.
After the threshold value is adaptively adjusted, the metering method of the ultrasonic metering device can also be adaptively adjusted, and adaptive metering is realized. It can be understood that, in this embodiment, an adaptive metering method for an ultrasonic metering device is also provided, which includes the steps of:
step 1, determining an optimal threshold value according to the method;
step 2, determining a head wave according to the determined optimal threshold value, and determining t according to the head wave up And t down The arrival time of (c);
step 3, calculating the flow q according to the following formula:
It should be noted that, in the case where there is a long-term disturbance and the ultrasonic measuring device is immediately turned off in operation, and in the case where there is no long-term disturbance, it is preferable to remove the measurement of the disturbance for the period of time, and perform the flow estimation measurement for the period of time based on the historical flow record information, for example, taking the flow data of the same period of time as the last year as the flow statistic value for the period of time. And in other cases, metering is carried out according to the mode of the step 3.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A self-adaptive threshold value adjusting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining an initial optimal threshold value after the gain of the signal amplifier is determined;
judging whether long-term interference exists, if so, adaptively adjusting the initial optimal threshold value to obtain a new optimal threshold value, otherwise, keeping the initial optimal threshold value unchanged;
the long-term disturbance means that the flow rate changes in the duration time interval T, and the flow rate is increased in steps
Or the flow rate is decreased in steps
Wherein N is a positive integer, N =1/2/3 \8230;, T c Is a pulse period of the ultrasonic wave,Lfor the length of the sound channel,c f is the speed at which the ultrasonic waves propagate in the fluid,
is the vocal tract angle;
the step of determining an initial optimal threshold value comprises:
at a flow velocity v m In the condition of =0, an inlet and an outlet of the ultrasonic metering device are blocked, the threshold value is automatically adjusted from small to large, and in the process of gradually increasing the threshold value, t is taken when the threshold value is larger than noise up 、t down When the mean square error of (d) is less than or equal to a set value, the corresponding threshold value is taken as th 1 Taking the threshold value corresponding to the second wave just found as th 2 Setting an optimum threshold value th opt =(th 2 +th 1 )/2；t down The time for the ultrasonic wave to travel downstream in the fluid,t up the time of the ultrasonic wave in the fluid in countercurrent propagation;
the step of adaptively adjusting the initial optimal threshold value includes:
for ultraUnder the condition that the acoustic wave metering device is allowed to be switched off but the switching-off time period is limited, the inlet and the outlet of the ultrasonic wave metering device are switched off in the switching-off allowed time period, the threshold value is adaptively adjusted according to the method for determining the initial optimal threshold value under the new zero flow speed condition and after the gain of the signal amplifier is determined, and a new optimal threshold value th is found opt ；
Or, aiming at the condition that the ultrasonic metering device is not allowed to be turned off, selecting the time period which is not normally metered according to the historical record flow information, after the gain of the signal amplifier is determined, adaptively adjusting the threshold value according to the method for determining the initial optimal threshold value, and finding out a new optimal threshold value th opt ；
Or, aiming at the condition that the ultrasonic metering device is allowed to be immediately turned off, firstly, the gain and the adjusting threshold value of the signal amplifier are synchronously adjusted from small to large, and the gain coefficient and th are obtained according to the characteristic that the flow slowly changes in a short time 1 ，th 1 Value of t up 、t down When the mean square error of the threshold is less than or equal to a set value, the corresponding threshold value is obtained; then, the gain is not changed, and the threshold value is continuously increased, if the flow rate is changed and the step length of the change is
Or
Then, th 2 Taking the value as the flow velocity v m Setting the optimal threshold value th corresponding to the threshold value when the first change occurs opt =(th 2 +th 1 )/2。
2. The adaptive threshold value adjusting method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: when the signal-to-noise ratio increases the preset value, first the threshold value is decreased, and the optimal threshold value th is obtained according to the method for determining the initial optimal threshold value opt Then gradually reducing the gain of the signal amplifier until the original signal-to-noise ratio is restored.
3. An adaptive metering method of an ultrasonic metering device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining an optimum threshold value according to the method of any of claims 1-2;
determining a head wave according to the determined optimal threshold value, and determining t according to the head wave up And t down The arrival time of (c);
the flow rate q is calculated according to the following formula:
4. The adaptive metering method of the ultrasonic metering device according to claim 3, wherein in the case where there is long-term interference and the ultrasonic metering device is allowed to be immediately turned off, the metering of the time period of the long-term interference is removed, and the flow data of the same period of the last year is taken as the flow statistic value of the time period of the long-term interference.
5. The adaptive metering method of an ultrasonic metering device according to claim 3, wherein, when there is no long-term interference, the metering of the period of time during which interference is removed, and the flow rate data of the same time period as the previous year is taken as the flow rate statistical value of the period of time during which interference is present.
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