CN114923529B - Device and method for distributed monitoring of operating state of overhead transmission conductor - Google Patents
Device and method for distributed monitoring of operating state of overhead transmission conductor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for distributed monitoring of an overhead power transmission conductor running state, and belongs to the field of power transmission line state monitoring and optical fiber sensing. The device for distributed monitoring of the running state of the overhead transmission conductor is characterized by comprising the overhead transmission conductor, a tower, a distributed optical fiber sensing system and a signal transmission optical cable, wherein the overhead transmission conductor comprises a temperature shape sensing optical unit which can accurately sense the temperature and strain distribution of the overhead transmission conductor. The distributed monitoring method for the operation state of the overhead transmission line is characterized in that 7 steps of Brillouin frequency shift amount demodulation, temperature distribution calculation, strain distribution calculation, curvature-deflection discrete distribution calculation, curvature-deflection continuous function calculation, three-dimensional shape curve calculation and wind deflection angle-sag calculation are utilized to realize distributed monitoring of the operation state of the overhead transmission line, and the sag and the wind deflection angle of the overhead transmission line are accurately calculated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for distributed monitoring of an overhead power transmission conductor running state, in particular to a device and a method for distributed multi-parameter detection of the overhead power transmission conductor running state based on a distributed optical fiber sensing principle, and belongs to the field of power transmission line state monitoring and optical fiber sensing.
Background
The safety and stability of the power system are directly affected by the running state of the overhead transmission conductor. The overhead transmission line is exposed in the atmospheric environment for a long time and is easily attacked by thunderstorms and ice disasters, and once faults such as disconnection, tower collapse and the like occur, the safe operation of a power system is seriously influenced.
The state parameters such as the temperature, the sag and the wind deflection angle of the overhead power transmission conductor can reflect the running state of the line, early-warning faults such as icing, galloping, earth discharge and the like, so that power grid workers can respond in advance, and the running reliability of the power grid is improved. Therefore, the reliable and accurate detection of the running state of the overhead transmission conductor has important significance for the safe running of the power grid.
In recent years, an optical fiber composite overhead ground wire optical fiber composite overhead phase line containing communication optical fibers has been built. Through the structural design of the optical fiber system, the communication optical fiber contained in the optical fiber system can be used for sensing the running state of the optical fiber system, and the running state of the power transmission conductor is reflected.
Compared with an electronic sensor, the optical fiber sensor has the advantages of convenience in communication and electromagnetic interference resistance, and is very suitable for on-line monitoring of the power transmission line. In the traditional transmission line optical fiber monitoring, a fiber bragg grating point type sensor is used, and only one sensor can monitor a lead in one span. Compared with the prior art, the distributed optical fiber sensing has the advantages that the number of spans capable of being measured is large, a sensor does not need to be installed, and the distributed optical fiber sensing is more suitable for monitoring the state of a long-distance transmission conductor.
The invention realizes multi-parameter detection of the overhead power transmission conductor based on the distributed optical fiber sensing principle, obtains the sag, the wind deflection angle and the temperature of the overhead power transmission conductor, and realizes online monitoring of the running state of the overhead power transmission conductor.
In the existing overhead power transmission conductor distributed sensing scheme, the distributed sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering can detect temperature and strain, and is more suitable for monitoring the running state of the overhead power transmission conductor compared with the distributed sensing technology based on other scattering principles. However, the existing overhead power transmission conductor multi-parameter detection system and method have many defects:
1) the existing overhead transmission conductor optical unit structure is not enough to accurately measure the self strain change, in order to ensure that the optical fiber is not broken, the optical fiber in the overhead transmission conductor has extra length, strain sensing cannot be completed when the conductor has small deformation, and the wind deflection angle and the arc length cannot be calculated, so that the initial fault parameter cannot be measured; 2) the existing overhead transmission electric conductor optical unit structure is not enough to accurately measure the temperature change of the optical fiber, the thermal conductivity and the heat resistance of the existing overhead transmission electric conductor optical unit structure are not enough, the thermal conductivity speed cannot ensure that the optical fiber can accurately sense the temperature change of an overhead transmission conductor, the viscosity of the optical fiber ointment is reduced when the current-carrying capacity of the conductor is increased due to the insufficient heat resistance, the position of the optical fiber moves, and errors are brought to temperature measurement; 3) the existing overhead transmission conductor parameter detection method is not enough to accurately know the running state of a conductor based on direct measurement, the sag and the wind deflection angle belong to form parameters of the conductor, the existing detection method needs to be obtained by means of indirect calculation of strain distribution of a single optical fiber, and the error is large.
There is no effective solution to the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for distributed monitoring of an operation state of an overhead power transmission conductor, and particularly provides a system and a method for distributed multi-parameter optical fiber detection of the overhead power transmission conductor.
The invention provides a distributed monitoring device for the running state of an overhead transmission conductor, which is characterized by consisting of the overhead transmission conductor, a tower, a distributed optical fiber sensing system, a signal transmission optical cable, an aluminum wire, a steel wire, a temperature shape sensing optical unit, a strain sensing optical fiber, a carbon fiber pipe, an inorganic adhesive bonding layer, a temperature sensing optical fiber, an optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting ointment and a communication optical fiber.
The distributed monitoring method for the operation state of the overhead transmission line is characterized in that 7 steps of Brillouin frequency shift amount demodulation, temperature distribution calculation, strain distribution calculation, curvature-deflection discrete distribution calculation, curvature-deflection continuous function calculation, three-dimensional shape curve calculation and wind deflection angle-sag calculation are utilized to realize distributed monitoring of the operation state of the overhead transmission line.
The device and the method for the distributed monitoring of the running state of the overhead power transmission conductor are characterized in that a temperature shape sensing optical unit designed in the distributed monitoring of the running state of the overhead power transmission conductor provided by the invention is used as a distributed sensing unit, a fiber distributed sensing system in the device is used for measuring Brillouin frequency shift of the temperature shape sensing optical unit, and the sag and the wind deflection angle of the overhead power transmission conductor are accurately calculated by matching with the method for the distributed monitoring of the running state of the overhead power transmission conductor provided by the invention.
The device for monitoring the running state of the overhead transmission conductor in a distributed manner is characterized in that the temperature shape sensing optical unit consists of a strain sensing optical fiber, a carbon fiber tube, an inorganic adhesive bonding layer, a temperature sensing optical fiber, an optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting ointment and a communication optical fiber.
The device for monitoring the running state of the overhead power transmission conductor in a distributed manner is characterized in that the temperature shape sensing optical unit is placed at the central position of the cross section of the overhead power transmission conductor to replace a steel core at the central position. And a steel strand is spirally wound on the outer side of the temperature shape sensing optical unit, and an aluminum strand is spirally wound on the outer side of the steel strand. According to the invention, the temperature shape sensing optical unit is arranged at the central position of the cross section of the overhead power transmission conductor, so that the optical fiber is not twisted when the conductor is twisted, and the calculation error caused by the twisting of the optical fiber is avoided; because the temperature shape sensing optical unit is positioned at the center, the temperature sensing optical fiber in the temperature shape sensing optical unit is closer to the center of the wire, and the measured temperature is the temperature at the center of the wire, the highest temperature of the wire concerned in the monitoring of the running state can be more accurately measured. The temperature shape sensing and sensing unit is arranged at the center of the cross section of the overhead power transmission conductor, so that the situation that the temperature shape sensing and sensing unit is spirally wound around a central steel wire along with the twisting process of the conductor can be avoided, and the highest temperature of the conductor can be directly measured.
The device for distributed monitoring of the running state of the overhead transmission conductor is characterized in that the temperature shape sensing optical unit uses a carbon fiber tube as a protection structure, and the temperature sensing optical fiber and the communication optical fiber are placed in optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting ointment in the carbon fiber tube. The carbon fiber material ensures that the conductor has due tensile strength and ensures the requirement of the overhead transmission conductor on mechanical strength.
Preferably, in order to balance the strength of the wire and the sensitivity of shape sensing, the inner diameter of the carbon fiber tube in the temperature shape sensing optical unit is 10mm, and the thickness is 1.5 mm; the thickness of the inorganic adhesive bonding layer is 1mm, the elastic modulus is 30Gpa, and the inorganic adhesive bonding layer is used for fixing the strain sensing optical fiber and transferring strain; the rest positions are filled with optical fiber damp-proof heat-conducting ointment for sealing, water proofing, heat conducting and buffer protection; the communication fiber 306 is used for power line communication.
The temperature shape sensing optical unit is characterized in that the optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting ointment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 70% of dimethyl silicone oil, 10% of high molecular polymer, 10% of thickening agent, 5% of super absorbent resin, 4.5% of heat-conducting silicone grease and 0.5% of nano-scale heat-resistant particles, wherein the thickening agent is fumed silica and styrene-propylene copolymer, and the weight ratio of the fumed silica to the styrene-propylene copolymer is 3: 2; the nanometer heat-resistant particles are nanometer aluminum oxide particles, the diameter of the nanometer heat-resistant particles is less than 50nm, the heat conductivity is 200W/(m.K), and the highest temperature resistance is 1500 ℃. In the components of the optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting ointment, the dimethyl silicone oil is a substrate of the optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting ointment; the high molecular polymer ensures the viscous state of the optical fiber damp-proof heat-conducting ointment; the super absorbent resin prevents the optical fiber from being influenced by humidity; the thickening agent prevents the viscosity of the optical fiber damp-proof heat-conducting ointment from being reduced when the current-carrying capacity of the conductor is increased; the doping of the nanometer heat-resistant particles increases the heat conductivity coefficient of the optical fiber damp-proof heat-conducting ointment, accelerates the temperature transmission speed when the temperature changes due to the current-carrying capacity change of the wire, and improves the sensitivity and the accuracy of temperature measurement.
The temperature shape sensing optical unit is characterized in that the temperature sensing optical fiber is placed in the center of optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting ointment filled in a carbon fiber tube, and the temperature of the temperature shape sensing optical unit is accurately measured; the strain sensing optical fibers are three in number, the strain sensing optical fibers are fixed on the inner wall of the carbon fiber tube at an angle of 120 degrees through the inorganic adhesive bonding layer, and the excess length of the strain sensing optical fibers relative to the carbon fiber tube is 5 mm. The excess length of 5mm is reserved for the strain sensing optical fiber, so that the optical fiber is prevented from being broken when the lead is extended due to temperature rise or ice coating and the like; the strain sensing optical fiber is fixed on the inner wall of the carbon fiber tube through inorganic glue, so that the strain sensing optical fiber is ensured to change along with the shape of the lead on the premise of no fracture. The strain sensing optical fibers are fixed on the inner wall of the carbon fiber pipe by using inorganic glue, and the 120-degree central symmetrical arrangement mode of the strain sensing optical fibers in the temperature shape sensing optical unit ensures that the three strain sensing optical fibers for strain sensing can obtain the bending direction and curvature in a three-dimensional space and ensure the sensing of the three-dimensional shape; the 120-degree central symmetry arrangement simplifies the shape recovery algorithm; the three strain sensing optical fibers are attached to the inner wall of the carbon fiber tube, so that the maximum offset distance between the three strain sensing optical fibers and the central shaft of the carbon fiber tube is ensured, and the sensitivity of the common single-mode optical fiber to bending strain is improved.
The temperature shape sensing optical unit is characterized in that the components of the inorganic adhesive bonding layer are modified water glass, silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, the highest temperature resistance is 1500 ℃, the strain transfer coefficient is 0.97, and the elastic modulus is about 30 Gpa. The high strain transfer coefficient and the high elastic modulus of the inorganic adhesive bonding layer ensure the efficiency of strain transfer and improve the precision of strain detection.
The method for distributed monitoring of the operation state of the overhead transmission line is characterized by comprising 7 steps of Brillouin frequency shift amount demodulation, temperature distribution calculation, strain distribution calculation, curvature-deflection discrete distribution calculation, curvature-deflection continuous function calculation, three-dimensional shape curve calculation and wind deflection angle-sag calculation, and accurately obtaining the operation state information of the overhead transmission line. Compared with the prior art, the conventional overhead transmission conductor parameter detection method needs to be obtained by means of indirect calculation of strain distribution of a single optical fiber, and has a large error.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a distributed monitoring device and method for the running state of an overhead power transmission conductor, which can realize distributed accurate calculation of the temperature, sag and wind deflection angle of the overhead power transmission conductor and improve the monitoring accuracy of the state of the overhead power transmission conductor.
The invention is characterized in that: the temperature shape sensing optical unit with special design is used as a sensing unit of the running state of the overhead power transmission conductor, so that the distributed measurement precision of temperature and strain is directly improved; the proposed multi-parameter demodulation algorithm directly recovers the three-dimensional shape curve of the line through temperature and strain distribution, and accurately calculates the sag and the windage angle of the wire.
In the prior art, because the measurement of the wind deflection angle and the arc length cannot be completed when the deformation of the overhead transmission conductor is small, the strain sensing optical fiber of the temperature shape sensing optical unit has no extra length, and is fixed on the inner wall of the carbon fiber pipe in the temperature shape sensing optical unit by the inorganic adhesive bonding layer, so that the wind deflection angle and the arc sag under the condition of small deformation can be accurately known.
In contrast, the steel wire on the outer side of the traditional optical fiber composite overhead power transmission line is replaced by a stainless steel tube optical unit, the optical unit positioned on the outer layer of the steel core adopts a steel tube to protect the communication optical fiber inside the steel wire, the steel tube is spirally wound around the central steel wire along with the twisting process of the wire, and the optical unit is twisted in the manufacturing process of the wire; because the central position of the temperature shape sensing optical unit transmission conductor of the invention does not twist when the conductor is twisted, the calculation error caused by the twisting of the optical fiber is avoided; because the temperature sensing optical fiber of the temperature shape sensing optical unit is positioned at the center position, the temperature sensing optical fiber is closer to the center of the lead, the measured temperature is the center temperature of the overhead transmission lead, and compared with the traditional structure, the highest temperature of the lead concerned during running state monitoring can be more accurately measured; the carbon fiber tube structure of the temperature shape sensing optical unit ensures the strength of the lead after replacing the steel core and improves the sensitivity of shape sensing.
The traditional parameter detection method needs to indirectly calculate and obtain the sag and the wind deflection angle of the overhead power transmission conductor by depending on the strain distribution of a single optical fiber, and has larger error; the multi-parameter demodulation algorithm provided by the invention directly restores the three-dimensional shape curve, accurately calculates the sag and the wind deflection angle of the wire and improves the calculation precision of the parameters.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a distributed monitoring device for the operating state of an overhead power transmission conductor according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an overhead power transmission conductor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a temperature shape sensing optical unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a multi-parameter demodulation algorithm proposed by the present invention; 101 is an overhead power transmission conductor, 102 is a tower, 103 is a distributed optical fiber sensing system, 104 is a signal transmission optical cable, 201 is an aluminum wire, 202 is a steel wire, 203 is a temperature shape sensing optical unit, 301 is a strain sensing optical fiber, 302 is a carbon fiber tube, 303 is an inorganic adhesive bonding layer, 304 is a temperature sensing optical fiber, 305 is an optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting ointment, and 306 is a communication optical fiber.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a distributed monitoring device for the running state of an overhead transmission conductor, which consists of an overhead transmission conductor 101, a tower 102, a distributed optical fiber sensing system 103 and a signal transmission optical cable 104, wherein,
the overhead power transmission conductor 101 consists of an aluminum wire 201, a steel wire 202 and a temperature shape sensing light unit 203, wherein the steel wire 202 is spirally wound on the outer side of the temperature shape sensing light unit 203, and the aluminum wire 201 is spirally wound on the outer side of the steel wire 202;
the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203 is composed of a strain sensing optical fiber 301, a carbon fiber tube 302, an inorganic adhesive bonding layer 303, a temperature sensing optical fiber 304, an optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting ointment 305 and a communication optical fiber 306.
A tower 102 of overhead transmission conductors supports an overhead transmission conductor 101. The cross-section of the overhead power transmission conductor 101 is shown in fig. 2 and includes an aluminum wire 201 for transmitting electric power, a steel wire 202 for securing mechanical strength of the overhead power transmission conductor 101, and a temperature shape sensing optical unit 203 for temperature and shape and communication.
The transmission optical fiber in the signal transmission optical cable 104 is respectively welded with the temperature sensing optical fiber 304 and the strain sensing optical fiber 301 in the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203, so that distributed sensing of the running state of the overhead power transmission conductor is jointly completed.
When the overhead power transmission line 101 is manufactured, a steel wire 202 is wound around the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203 at the center thereof, and an aluminum wire 201 is wound around the outside of the steel wire, while a wire is wound around the outside of the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203. The optical fiber of the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203 is not twisted in the stranding process, so that the calculation error caused by the twisting of the optical fiber is avoided, and meanwhile, the carbon fiber tube 302 in the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203 ensures that the overhead transmission conductor 101 has the due tensile strength.
The distributed optical fiber sensing system 103 uses the brillouin optical time domain reflection technology as a principle, and light pulses are injected into the temperature sensing optical fiber 304 and the strain sensing optical fiber 301 through the communication optical fiber 104 to perform photoelectric conversion on the back brillouin scattering light in the two sensing optical fibers, so as to obtain brillouin electric signals. Due to the fact that the light pulse is incident, the distributed optical fiber sensing system 103 can demodulate the distance between the scattering point and the distributed optical fiber sensing system 103 by calculating the arrival time of the backward Brillouin scattering light.
The cross-section of the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203 according to the present invention is shown in fig. 3. The temperature shape sensing optical unit 203 is composed of a carbon fiber tube 302, an inorganic adhesive bonding layer 303, a temperature sensing optical fiber 304, a communication optical fiber 306, a strain sensing optical fiber 301, and an optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting paste 305. The strain sensing optical fibers 301 are three in number and used for sensing strain at respective positions as calculation basis of shape sensing; the carbon fiber tube 302 provides mechanical protection for the optical fiber; the inorganic adhesive bonding layer 303 fixes the strain sensing optical fiber 301 on the inner wall of the carbon fiber tube 302 at an angle of 120 degrees without excess length, so that shape sensing under low strain is realized; the temperature sensing optical fiber 304 is positioned in the center of the carbon fiber tube 302, is used for sensing temperature and is used as a reference for decoupling the strain of the strain sensing optical fiber 301; the optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting ointment 305 is filled in the carbon fiber tube and is used for sealing, water proofing, heat conducting and buffer protection; the communication fiber 306 is used for power line communication.
When the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203 is manufactured, firstly, inorganic glue mixed by modified water glass, silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide is coated on the inner wall of the carbon fiber tube 302, and the strain sensing optical fiber 301 is placed on the inner wall of the carbon fiber tube 302 at an angle of 120 degrees as shown in fig. 3; then, curing the inorganic adhesive at a medium temperature of 100 ℃ to form an inorganic adhesive bonding layer 303, so as to ensure that the strain sensing optical fiber 301 is fixed on the inner wall of the carbon fiber tube 302 without excess length; finally, an optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conductive paste 305 is injected into the carbon fiber tube 302, and a temperature sensing optical fiber 304 is penetrated at the central position, and a communication optical fiber 306 is penetrated around the temperature sensing optical fiber 304.
According to the distributed monitoring method for the running state of the overhead power transmission conductor, back Brillouin scattering scattered light detected by a distributed optical fiber sensing system 103 is used as an original signal, and the distributed accurate monitoring of the running state of the overhead power transmission conductor is realized by combining a proposed multi-parameter demodulation algorithm (shown in figure 4).
The multiparameter demodulation algorithm provided by the invention takes the back Brillouin scattering signal measured by the distributed optical fiber sensing system 103 as input to calculate the temperature, sag and wind deflection angle of the overhead power transmission conductor. The multi-parameter demodulation algorithm provided by the invention is shown in fig. 4, and the specific implementation method is as follows:
the length of the optical fiber is taken as a z axis, the nearest ends of the temperature sensing optical fiber 304 and the strain sensing optical fiber 301 close to the distributed optical fiber sensing system 103 are set as 0 point, and the direction of the nearest section pointing to the farthest end is a + z direction
The first step of the multi-parameter demodulation algorithm is Brillouin frequency shift quantity demodulation, fast Fourier transform is carried out on back Brillouin scattering signals returned from the temperature sensing optical fiber 304 and the strain sensing optical fiber 301 received by the distributed optical fiber sensing system 103, and the maximum amplitude of the frequency spectrum after the Fourier transform is calculated, namely the distribution v of the Brillouin frequency shift on the temperature sensing optical fiber 304 and the strain sensing optical fiber 301 along the optical fibers T （z）、v e1 （z）、v e2 (z) and v e3 (z) distribution of Brillouin frequency shifts along an optical fiberv T （z）、v e1 （z）、v e2 (z) and v e3 The units of (z) are all MHz;
the second step of the multi-parameter demodulation algorithm is temperature distribution calculation, and the temperature distribution T (z) = v of the temperature sensing optical fiber 304 is calculated according to the Brillouin temperature-frequency shift coefficient of 1.10 MHz/DEG C T (z)/1.10, temperature profile T (z) in units of;
the third step of the multi-parameter demodulation algorithm is strain distribution calculation, wherein the frequency shift amount caused by temperature change is subtracted from the Brillouin frequency shift distribution of the strain sensing optical fibers 301, and the strain distributions e of the three strain sensing optical fibers 301 are respectively calculated according to the Brillouin strain-frequency shift coefficient of 0.0483 MHz/mu epsilon 1 （z）=（v e1 （z）- v T （z））/0.0483，e 2 （z）=（v e2 （z）- v T (z))/0.0483 and e 3 （z）=（v e3 （z）- v T (z))/0.0483, strain distribution e 1 （z）、e 2 (z) and e 3 (z) aThe bits are all mu epsilon;
the fourth step of the multi-parameter demodulation algorithm is curvature-deflection discrete distribution calculation by utilizing the strain distribution e of the three strain sensing optical fibers 301 along the optical fibers 1 （z）、e 2 (z) and e 3 (z) constructing a three-dimensional strain distribution curved surface, and calculating the curvature-deflection discrete distribution of the temperature-shape sensing optical unit 203
(ii) a Wherein y and z are orthogonal unit vectors of a plane rectangular coordinate system with the geometric central points of the cross sections of the three strain sensing optical fibers 301 as the origin;
the fifth step of the multi-parameter demodulation algorithm is curvature-deflection continuous function calculation, and the curvature-deflection continuous function of the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203 is obtained through curvature-deflection discrete distribution by adopting a 3-time spline interpolation fitting method
；
The sixth step of the multi-parameter demodulation algorithm is three-dimensional shape curve calculation, and unit tangent vector is calculated by giving initial boundary conditions
Calculating the three-dimensional shape curve equation of the overhead transmission conductor 101 according to the shape of the reconstructed conductor by the curvature-curvature continuous function of the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203 to obtain a space curve under the parameterization of the arc length
(ii) a The spatial curve is the shape curve of the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203, and since the temperature shape sensing optical unit 203 is located at the exact center of the overhead power transmission conductor 101, the spatial shape curve expression represents the three-dimensional shape of the restored overhead power transmission conductor 101.
The seventh step of the multi-parameter demodulation algorithm is wind deflection angle-sag calculation, which is characterized in that the wind deflection angle and sag of the overhead power transmission conductor 101 are calculated according to the three-dimensional shape curve equation of the overhead power transmission conductor 101.
Claims (5)
1. A distributed monitoring device for the running state of an overhead transmission conductor comprises the overhead transmission conductor (101), a tower (102), a distributed optical fiber sensing system (103) and a signal transmission optical cable (104), wherein the tower (102) is used for supporting the overhead transmission conductor (101), the overhead transmission conductor (101) is connected into the distributed optical fiber sensing system (103) through the signal transmission optical cable (104), and the distributed monitoring device is characterized in that,
the overhead power transmission conductor (101) consists of an aluminum wire (201), a steel wire (202) and a temperature shape sensing light unit (203), wherein the steel wire (202) is spirally wound on the outer side of the temperature shape sensing light unit (203), and the aluminum wire (201) is spirally wound on the outer side of the steel wire (202);
the temperature shape sensing optical unit (203) consists of a strain sensing optical fiber (301), a carbon fiber tube (302), an inorganic adhesive bonding layer (303), a temperature sensing optical fiber (304), optical fiber moisture-proof heat-conducting ointment (305) and a communication optical fiber (306), wherein a transmission optical fiber in the signal transmission optical cable (104) is respectively welded with the temperature sensing optical fiber (304) and the strain sensing optical fiber (301) in the temperature shape sensing optical unit (203);
the strain sensing optical fibers (301) are three in number, the strain sensing optical fibers (301) are fixed on the inner wall of the carbon fiber tube (302) at an angle of 120 degrees by the inorganic adhesive bonding layer (303), and the length of each strain sensing optical fiber (301) is 5mm longer than that of the carbon fiber tube (302);
the thickness of the inorganic adhesive bonding layer (303) is 1mm, and the elastic modulus is 30 Gpa;
the inner diameter of the carbon fiber pipe (302) is 10mm, and the thickness of the carbon fiber pipe is 1.5 mm;
the temperature sensing optical fiber (304) is arranged on the central axis of the carbon fiber tube (302) in the temperature shape sensing optical unit (203), and is longer than the total length of the carbon fiber tube (302) by 1%;
the communication optical fiber (306) is symmetrically arranged around the temperature sensing optical fiber (304) by taking the temperature sensing optical fiber (304) as a circle center and taking 2mm as a radius;
the distributed optical fiber sensing system (103) is used for inputting detection narrow-band light pulses into the temperature sensing optical fiber (304) and the strain sensing optical fiber (301), and performing photoelectric conversion, signal acquisition and signal processing on Brillouin back scattering optical signals returned from the temperature sensing optical fiber (304) and the strain sensing optical fiber (301).
2. An apparatus for distributed monitoring of the operating conditions of overhead power transmission conductors as claimed in claim 1, wherein said optical fiber moisture-proof and heat-conductive ointment (305) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 70% of dimethyl silicone oil, 10% of high molecular polymer, 10% of thickening agent, 5% of super absorbent resin, 4.5% of heat-conducting silicone grease and 0.5% of nano heat-resistant particles.
3. An apparatus for distributed monitoring of the operating condition of an overhead power transmission line according to claim 2, wherein the optical fiber moisture-proof and heat-conducting ointment (305) comprises fumed silica and styrene-propylene copolymer in a weight ratio of 3: 2; the nano-scale heat-resistant particles are nano-scale aluminum oxide particles, the diameter of the nano-scale heat-resistant particles is less than 50nm, and the thermal conductivity of the nano-scale heat-resistant particles is 200W/(m.K).
4. An apparatus for distributed monitoring of the operating condition of an overhead power transmission conductor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic adhesive layer (303) comprises modified water glass, silica and alumina, has a strain transfer coefficient of 0.97 and an elastic modulus of about 30 GPa.
5. A method for carrying out distributed monitoring on the running state of an overhead transmission line by applying the device according to claim 1, is characterized in that the distributed monitoring on the running state of the overhead transmission line is realized by 7 steps of Brillouin frequency shift amount demodulation, temperature distribution calculation, strain distribution calculation, curvature-deflection discrete distribution calculation, curvature-deflection continuous function calculation, three-dimensional shape curve calculation and wind deflection angle-sag calculation, wherein,
in the Brillouin frequency shift demodulation step, fast Fourier transform is carried out on Brillouin backscattering signals returned from the temperature sensing optical fiber (304) and the strain sensing optical fiber (301) received by the distributed optical fiber sensing system (103), and the maximum amplitude of a frequency spectrum after Fourier transform is calculated to be the distribution of Brillouin frequency shift on the temperature sensing optical fiber (304) and the strain sensing optical fiber (301) along the optical fibers;
in the temperature distribution calculation step, the temperature distribution of the temperature sensing optical fiber (304) is calculated according to the Brillouin temperature-frequency shift coefficient of 1.10 MHz/DEG C;
in the strain distribution calculation step, the frequency shift amount caused by temperature change is subtracted from the Brillouin frequency shift distribution of the strain sensing optical fibers (301), and the strain distributions of the three strain sensing optical fibers (301) are respectively calculated according to the Brillouin strain-frequency shift coefficient of 0.0483 MHz/mu epsilon;
in the curvature-deflection discrete distribution calculation step, the strain of three strain sensing optical fibers (301) is distributed along the optical fibers to construct a three-dimensional strain distribution curved surface and construct a curvature-deflection discrete distribution function of the temperature shape sensing optical unit (203);
in the step of calculating the curvature-deflection continuous function, a 3-time spline interpolation fitting method is adopted, and the curvature-deflection discrete distribution function is utilized to construct the curvature-deflection continuous function of the temperature shape sensing optical unit (203);
in the three-dimensional shape curve calculation step, the shape of the conductor is reconstructed according to the curvature-flexibility continuous function of the temperature shape sensing optical unit (203), and a three-dimensional shape curve equation of the overhead power transmission conductor (101) is calculated;
in the wind deflection angle-sag calculation step, the wind deflection angle and sag of the overhead power transmission conductor (101) are calculated according to the three-dimensional shape curve equation of the overhead power transmission conductor (101).
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