CN114923181A

CN114923181A - Slag melting device

Info

Publication number: CN114923181A
Application number: CN202210659644.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾洲; 雷大喜; 周一丁; 周颖
Original assignee: Zhejiang Jianeng Environmental Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Jianeng Environmental Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-13
Filing date: 2022-06-13
Publication date: 2022-08-19

Abstract

The invention relates to a slag melting device, which comprises a furnace body with a combustion chamber, wherein the furnace body comprises a main body part and a furnace cover, a feed inlet and a smoke discharge outlet are formed in the furnace cover, a slag discharge opening which is flush with the inner bottom wall of the combustion chamber is formed in the side wall of the main body part, and a sealing plug is detachably arranged at the slag discharge opening and used for opening or closing the slag discharge opening. When a small amount of materials are initially melted, the temperature of the outflow materials is lower as the outflow materials are closer to the outer end of the slag discharge port, so that the outflow materials are gradually thickened from inside to outside and are welded with the sealing plug to form a condensed material, the condensed material is communicated with the sealing plug to improve the sealing performance of the slag discharge port, the heating rate and the melting effect of the combustion chamber are improved, more molten materials are in the combustion chamber, when continuous discharging is realized, the sealing plug and the condensed material welded on the sealing plug are detached through a crowbar, the slag discharge port with gradually increased openings is exposed, and discharging is smoothly performed; the sealing and conducting mode of the slag discharging port is convenient to operate, the treatment cost is low, and the industrialization is convenient to realize.

Description

Slag melting device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a furnace slag melting device.

Background

The slag is a byproduct of hazardous waste incineration, contains a large amount of heavy metals such As Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, As and the like, has high leaching mass concentration, and belongs to a strictly forbidden direct landfill material regulated by the state at present. The method for treating the fly ash and the slag by adopting the plasma fusion is considered to be one of the most effective technical approaches for harmless and recycling of the fly ash, and the hot-melt slag is a vitreous body, can be used for producing high-end buildings and heat-insulating products and cannot cause harm to the environment.

A plasma gasification melting furnace (application No. CN202122251624.9) of Chinese utility model patent with publication No. CN215906153U discloses a structure, which comprises a furnace frame and a furnace body, wherein the furnace body is internally provided with a hollow chamber, a gasification chamber and a melting chamber from top to bottom in sequence; the top of the empty chamber is provided with a feed inlet and an exhaust outlet, the exhaust outlet is communicated with an air inlet of a heat accumulating type heat exchange system, the feed inlet is respectively connected with a garbage hopper, a lime hopper and a coke hopper through a mixing hopper, the gasification chamber is arranged in a horn shape, a plurality of air inlet branch pipes are arranged on the side walls of two sides, one ends of the air inlet branch pipes are communicated with the inside of the gasification chamber, the other ends of the air inlet branch pipes are connected with an air blower through an air inlet main pipe, the side wall of the melting chamber is provided with a plasma torch and an auxiliary fuel inlet, the auxiliary fuel inlet is communicated with an air outlet of the heat accumulating type heat exchange system, and the bottom of the melting chamber is provided with a slag discharge port communicated with a slag heat preservation chamber.

For the melting furnace with the structure, the slag discharging port is usually required to be closed before feeding so as to improve the temperature rising efficiency in the furnace, and in the material melting and discharging process, the problem that the slag discharging port is blocked by discharged materials easily occurs because the temperature at the slag discharging port is lower. In order to solve the problem, the structure is provided with a burner at the slag discharging port and is combined with a slag heat preservation chamber to avoid the blockage of the slag discharging port. However, the above structure still has the possibility of clogging the slag discharge port due to the influence of the operation time, but the slag discharge port is enclosed in the slag holding chamber, and if the slag discharge port is clogged, the treatment is difficult; meanwhile, the combustor is always in a combustion state for heat preservation, and the treatment cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a slag melting device which is convenient for sealing and conducting a slag discharge port and has low treatment cost aiming at the current situation of the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a slag melting device comprises a furnace body with a combustion chamber, wherein the furnace body comprises a main body part with an open top and a furnace cover arranged at the top of the main body part, the furnace cover is provided with a feed inlet and a smoke discharge outlet, and the side wall of the main body part is provided with a slag discharge port which is flush with the inner bottom wall of the combustion chamber; further comprising:

the feeding screw conveyor is arranged on the furnace cover, the top of the feeding screw conveyor is provided with an inlet, and the bottom of the feeding screw conveyor is provided with an outlet communicated with the feeding hole;

the feeding hopper is arranged above the feeding spiral conveyor, the diameter of the feeding hopper is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the lower port of the feeding hopper is connected with the inlet at the top of the feeding spiral conveyor;

the feeding mechanism is arranged beside the furnace body and comprises a conveyor belt which is obliquely arranged from bottom to top, and the upper end of the conveyor belt is arranged corresponding to the top edge of the feed hopper;

the gas extraction mechanism is arranged on the furnace cover, is connected with the smoke discharge port and is used for discharging gas in the furnace body and keeping the micro negative pressure state in the furnace body;

the plasma gun penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body and is exposed out of the combustion cavity;

the air supply channel is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body and communicated with the combustion cavity;

the air blowing mechanism is arranged outside the furnace body, is connected with the outer port of the air supply channel and is used for blowing air into the combustion cavity; and

the sealing plug is detachably arranged at the slag discharge port and is used for opening or closing the slag discharge port;

the inner bottom wall of the slag discharging port is gradually sunken downwards from inside to outside so that the width of the slag discharging port is gradually increased along the flowing direction of fluid, the sealing plug comprises a first part and a second part, the cross section of the first part is in a right-angle triangle shape, the second part is vertically connected to the bottom of the right-angle side of the first part, the sealing plug is inserted into the slag discharging port, the first part of the sealing plug is filled in a sunken area, one right-angle side of the first part forms a plane which is flush with the inner bottom wall of the combustion chamber, and the second part covers the outer edge of the slag discharging port.

Preferably, the furnace body is formed by pouring high-temperature-resistant, acid-resistant and alkali-resistant materials with different hardness, and comprises a heavy pouring layer positioned on the inner layer and a light pouring layer positioned on the outer side, the heavy pouring layer close to the bottom wall of the slag discharging opening extends outwards and penetrates through the outer layer, and the recessed area is arranged on the heavy pouring layer of the penetrating part and extends from the inner edge to the outer edge of the penetrating part. Wherein, the heavy casting layer has better high temperature resistance, the light casting layer has better heat preservation, and the density of the heavy casting layer is greater than the sealing of the light casting layer, and the density of the heavy casting layer and the light casting layer is about 2: 1; because the sealing plug needs to be removed by a crowbar during discharging, a heavy pouring layer covers the bottom of the slag discharging opening so as to have higher strength.

Further preferably, the first part of the sealing plug is hollow inside, and an outer port of the hollow part of the first part is exposed out of the outer side wall of the furnace body in a state that the sealing plug is inserted in the slag discharging port. Because the stopper of sealing is the consumptive material, for the ease of production and reduce cost, seal the stopper and can adopt materials such as yellow mud to take shape via mould batch, set up hollow part on the stopper of sealing, when needs prize the stopper with the crowbar, usable hollow part's outer port location crowbar tip to, at the sled in-process of removing, the first part takes place to break more easily, conveniently prizes the more firm discharge material that condenses and takes out through the main part that seals the stopper.

In the invention, under the initial slag discharging state, partial materials flowing to the slag discharging port are condensed to form solidified materials with right-angled triangle-shaped cross sections, the solidified materials are welded together with the upper surface of the first part and the inner surface of the second part of the sealing plug to form a sealing structure, and the cross section of the sealing structure is in an acute-angled triangle structure with the tip facing the interior of the furnace body. Under initial condition, after partial material melts, the sealing plug is welded together, so that a better sealing effect can be achieved, and when the sealing plug is tilted, the condensed part of the material is convenient to take out, so that the opening of a slag discharge port is realized.

Preferably, the heavy pouring layer of the furnace body inner layer is provided with a fillet structure at the inner edge position close to the slag discharging port. The structure can guide the discharged materials, and avoids the accumulation at the position to block the inner end of the slag discharging port.

Preferably, the plasma gun is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the furnace body and gradually inclines downwards from outside to inside. The inner port of the air supply channel and the gun head of the plasma gun are positioned on the same horizontal line, an included angle a between the flaming angle of the plasma gun and the horizontal plane is 21 degrees, and an included angle b between the axis of the air supply channel and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees. Flame sprayed by the plasma guns which are obliquely arranged can form spiral airflow from bottom to top in the combustion cavity, so that the temperature of the combustion cavity is accelerated; because the combustion chamber heats up to a certain temperature, the heating rate slows down, and at the moment, air is blown in, and the air inlet is lower than the flame, so that the flame can be supported from the bottom of the flame to upwards carry out larger-range spiral diffusion, and the heating rate is further improved.

Preferably, a pipeline extending outwards along the axial direction of the air supply channel is arranged outside the furnace body, an outer port of the pipeline is sealed through a transparent cover to form a viewing port, a blast pipeline communicated with the pipeline is arranged laterally above the pipeline, and the blast pipeline is vertically arranged. The material melting condition in the combustion cavity can be constantly paid attention to through the observation port so as to judge whether the blast volume and the material addition amount need to be increased or reduced, and a better slag treatment effect is achieved.

Preferably, the plasma guns are two groups, and are arranged on two opposite side walls of the furnace body in a staggered manner, at least two groups of air supply pipelines are respectively arranged on the side wall of the furnace body where each plasma gun is located, and each air supply pipeline and the plasma guns are arranged at intervals. And 3 groups of air supply pipelines are arranged on the side wall of the furnace body where the plasma gun is positioned, wherein the two groups of air supply pipelines are respectively and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the plasma gun, and the third group of air supply pipelines are arranged close to the inner side wall of the combustion chamber far away from the plasma gun. The structure is beneficial to improving the heating efficiency, and the temperature of each part in the combustion cavity is more uniform, so that the melting effect is improved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the plasma gun is used for heating the combustion cavity, so that the rapid temperature rise is realized; the sealing plug capable of being detached is arranged at the slag discharging port, when a small amount of materials are initially melted, the temperature of the outflow materials is lower as the outflow materials are closer to the outer end of the slag discharging port, so that the outflow materials are gradually thickened from inside to outside and are welded with the sealing plug to be condensed, the condensed materials are communicated with the sealing plug to improve the sealing performance of the slag discharging port, the heating rate and the melting effect of a combustion chamber are improved, more molten materials are in the combustion chamber, the sealing plug and the condensed materials welded on the sealing plug can be detached through a crowbar when continuous discharging is realized, the slag discharging port with gradually enlarged openings is exposed, and discharging is smoothly performed; the sealing and conducting mode of the slag discharging port is convenient to operate, the treatment cost is low, and industrialization is convenient to realize.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a top configuration view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an air supply duct according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a flow path diagram of ignition heat and air supply in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following examples of the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the slag melting apparatus of the present embodiment includes a furnace body 1, a feeding screw conveyor 2, a feeding hopper 3, a feeding mechanism 4, an air extracting mechanism (not shown), a plasma gun 5, an air supply passage 6, an air blowing mechanism (not shown), and a sealing plug 7.

Wherein, furnace body 1 has furnace body 1 of combustion chamber 11, and furnace body 1 includes the main part 13 that has open top 12 and locates the bell 14 at this main part 13 top, and it has feed inlet 15 and flue gas discharge port 16 to open on the bell 14, and it has the row cinder notch 17 that flushes with the inner bottom wall of combustion chamber 11 to open on the lateral wall of main part 13.

The feeding screw conveyor 2 is arranged on the furnace cover 14, the top of the feeding screw conveyor 2 is provided with an inlet 21, and the bottom of the feeding screw conveyor 2 is provided with an outlet 22 communicated with the feeding hole 15; the feed hopper 3 is arranged on the feeding screw conveyor 2, the diameter of the feed hopper 3 is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the lower port of the feed hopper 3 is connected with an inlet 21 at the top of the feeding screw conveyor 2; the feeding mechanism 4 is arranged beside the furnace body 1 and comprises a conveyor belt 41 which is obliquely arranged from bottom to top, and the upper end of the conveyor belt 41 is arranged corresponding to the top edge of the feed hopper 3.

The air extraction mechanism is arranged on the furnace cover 14 and is connected with the smoke discharge port 16 for discharging the gas in the furnace body 1 and maintaining the micro negative pressure state in the furnace body.

The plasma gun 5 penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body 1 and the gun head is exposed out of the combustion cavity 11; the air supply channel 6 is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 1 and communicated with the combustion cavity 11; the air blowing mechanism is arranged outside the furnace body 1, is connected with the outer port of the air supply channel 6 and is used for blowing air into the combustion chamber 11.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the sealing plug 7 is detachably provided at the slag discharge port 17 for opening or closing the slag discharge port 17. Specifically, the inner bottom wall of the slag discharge port 17 is gradually recessed downward from inside to outside so that the width of the slag discharge port 17 is gradually increased along the fluid flowing direction, the sealing plug 7 includes a first portion 71 having a cross section shaped in a right triangle and a second portion 72 vertically connected to the bottom of a right-angled side of the first portion 71, in a state where the sealing plug 7 is inserted in the slag discharge port 17, the first portion 71 of the sealing plug 7 is filled in the recessed area 171 and a right-angled side of the first portion 71 forms a plane flush with the inner bottom wall of the combustion chamber 11, and the second portion 72 covers the outer edge of the slag discharge port 17. When the sealing plug 7 is inserted into the slag discharge port 17, the contact position of the sealing plug 7 and the slag discharge port 17 is not tight, a certain gap can exist, and the sealing plug 7 is only kept not to fall off from the slag discharge port 17.

The furnace body 1 of this embodiment is formed by the pouring of high temperature resistant acid and alkali resistant material, including the heavy pouring layer 101 that is located the inlayer and the light pouring layer 102 that is located the outside, is close to heavy pouring layer 101 of bottom wall department in the slag discharging opening 17 and outwards extends and run through the skin, and recessed area 171 is located on this run through part heavy pouring layer 101 and extends to the outer fringe from its inner edge. Wherein, heavy casting layer 101 has better high temperature resistance, light casting layer 102 has better heat preservation, and the density of heavy casting layer 101 is greater than the sealing of light casting layer 102, the density of the two is about 2:1, the concrete material is the existing mature technology in the field, and the details are not repeated herein; since the sealing plug 7 needs to be removed by a crowbar during discharging, the bottom of the slag discharge opening 17 is covered with a heavy pouring layer 101 to have higher strength.

The first part 71 of the sealing plug 7 is hollow inside, and an outer port of the hollow part 711 of the first part 71 is exposed on the outer side wall of the furnace body 1 in a state where the sealing plug 7 is inserted in the slag discharge port 17. Because the stopper 7 of sealing is the consumptive material, for the convenience of production and reduce cost, the stopper 7 of sealing can adopt materials such as yellow mud to take shape via the mould in batches, set up hollow part on the stopper 7 of sealing, when needing to prize the stopper 7 of sealing with the crowbar, usable hollow part 711's outer port location crowbar tip, and, at the sled in-process, first part 71 takes place to break more easily, conveniently will condense the more firm discharge material and prize and take out through the main part of the stopper 7 of sealing.

The outer side wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with a supporting plate 173 arranged close to the lower edge of the slag discharging port 17, the sealing plug 7 is inserted into the slag discharging port 17, and the supporting plate 173 has a certain supporting and limiting effect, so that the sealing plug 7 and the slag discharging port 17 do not need to be additionally fixed. After a small amount of molten material flows out to the slag discharge port 17, the molten material is gradually welded on the sealing plug 7 to fix the sealing plug.

In the present embodiment, in the initial slag discharging state, part of the material flowing into the slag discharging port 17 is condensed to form solidified material 01 with a right-angled triangle cross section, and the solidified material 01, the upper surface of the first portion 71 and the inner surface of the second portion 72 of the sealing plug 7 are welded together to form a sealing structure, and the cross section of the sealing structure is in an acute-angled triangle structure with the tip end facing the inside of the furnace body. In the initial state, part of the materials are fused and then welded with the sealing plug 7, so that a better sealing effect can be achieved, and the condensed part of the materials can be conveniently taken out when the sealing plug 7 is tilted, so that the opening of the slag discharge port 17 is realized.

The heavy pouring layer 101 on the inner layer of the furnace body 1 is provided with a fillet structure 172 at the inner edge near the slag discharge opening 17. The structure can guide the discharged materials, and avoids the accumulation at the position to block the inner end of the slag discharging port.

The plasma gun 5 of the present embodiment is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 1 and gradually inclines downwards from outside to inside. The inner port of the air supply channel 6 and the gun head of the plasma gun 5 are on the same horizontal line, the included angle a between the flame-throwing angle of the plasma gun 5 and the horizontal plane is 21 degrees, and the included angle b between the axis of the air supply channel 6 and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees. Flames sprayed by the plasma guns 5 which are obliquely arranged can form spiral airflow from bottom to top in the combustion cavity 11, so that the temperature rise of the combustion cavity is accelerated; because the temperature rise speed of the combustion chamber 11 is reduced after the temperature rises to a certain temperature, air is blown in at the moment, the air inlet is lower than the flame, the flame can be supported from the bottom of the flame to upwards carry out larger-range spiral diffusion, and the temperature rise speed is further improved.

The furnace body 1 is externally provided with a pipeline 61 extending outwards along the axial direction of the air supply channel 6, the outer port of the pipeline 61 is closed by a transparent cover to form a viewing port 611, a blast pipeline 62 communicated with the pipeline 6 is arranged above the side of the pipeline, and the blast pipeline 62 is vertically arranged and connected with a blast mechanism. The observation port 611 can be used for constantly paying attention to the melting condition of the materials in the combustion chamber 11 so as to judge whether the blast volume and the material addition amount need to be increased or decreased, and a better slag treatment effect is achieved.

The plasma guns 5 of this embodiment are two sets, and are arranged on two opposite side walls of the furnace body 1 in a staggered manner, and a plurality of sets of air supply ducts 6 are respectively arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 1 where each plasma gun 5 is located, and each air supply duct 6 and each plasma gun 5 are arranged at intervals. The side wall of the furnace body 1 where the plasma gun 5 is arranged is provided with 3 groups of air supply pipelines 6, wherein the two groups of air supply pipelines 6 are respectively and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the plasma gun 5, and the third group of air supply pipelines 6 are arranged close to the inner side wall of the combustion cavity 11 far away from the plasma gun 5. The structure is favorable for improving the heating efficiency, and the temperature of each part in the combustion chamber 11 is more uniform, so that the melting effect is improved.

The side wall of the furnace body 1 of the embodiment can be further provided with a thermocouple 8 capable of detecting the temperature in the combustion chamber 11 so as to accurately judge the temperature in the furnace.

By using the melting device of the embodiment, each opening is closed, only the flue gas discharge port 16 is opened, the micro negative pressure state in the combustion chamber 11 is maintained by the air exhaust mechanism, the plasma gun 5 is started, the air supply channel 6 is closed, and the combustion chamber 11 is rapidly preheated and heated; when the temperature rises to 800-900 ℃, the temperature rises slowly, at the moment, a small amount of coke is put into the bottom of the combustion chamber 11 through the feeding screw conveyor 2, the air supply channel 6 is opened, air is blown into the combustion chamber 11, the combustion of the coke is accelerated, and the temperature rising speed of the combustion chamber 11 is increased; when the temperature is raised to 1200 ℃, a small amount of materials are put into the combustion chamber 11, the materials are heated and melted simultaneously by using the coke combustion and the plasma gun 5, the melted materials flow to the slag discharging port 17, and because the temperature is lower when the materials are closer to the outer end of the slag discharging port 17, the materials are in a triangular shape condensate with the inward pointed end in the slag discharging port 17, and the condensed materials are welded with the sealing plug 7 to completely seal the slag discharging port 17; gradually heating the combustion chamber 11 to 1450-1600 ℃, adding more materials into the combustion chamber 11 for multiple times, observing the melting condition of the materials from each observation port 611, after the materials are added each time, adding the materials again when the added materials are melted to the middle lower part, and after the melted materials are not over the top edge of the slag discharge port 17, prying the sealing plug 7 and the condensed materials welded on the sealing plug by using a crowbar to expose the slag discharge port 17 with the gradually increased opening; after that, the continuous treatment of the material can be realized by charging the material into the combustion chamber 11 and discharging the material through the slag discharge port 17.

Directional terms such as "front," "rear," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "side," "top," "bottom," and the like are used in the description and claims of the present invention to describe various example structural portions and elements of the invention, but are used herein for convenience of description only and are to be determined based on the example orientations shown in the drawings. Because the disclosed embodiments of the present invention may be oriented in different directions, the directional terms are used for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as limiting, e.g., "upper" and "lower" are not necessarily limited to directions opposite or coincident with the direction of gravity.

Claims

1. A slag melting apparatus comprising a furnace body having a combustion chamber, characterized in that: the furnace body comprises a main body part with an opening at the top and a furnace cover arranged at the top of the main body part, the furnace cover is provided with a feed port and a smoke discharge port, and the side wall of the main body part is provided with a slag discharge port which is flush with the inner bottom wall of the combustion chamber; further comprising:

the feeding screw conveyor is arranged on the furnace cover, an inlet is formed in the top of the feeding screw conveyor, and an outlet communicated with the feeding hole is formed in the bottom of the feeding screw conveyor;

the feeding hopper is arranged above the feeding screw conveyor, the diameter of the feeding hopper is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the lower port of the feeding hopper is connected with the inlet at the top of the feeding screw conveyor;

the sealing plug is detachably arranged at the slag discharging opening and is used for opening or closing the slag discharging opening;

2. The slag melting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the furnace body is formed by the pouring of the material that the hardness is different, including the heavy pouring layer that is located the inlayer and the light pouring layer that is located the outside, is close to the heavy pouring layer of the interior diapire department of slag notch extends outwards and runs through the skin, the depressed area is located on this running through part heavy pouring layer and extends to outer edge from its inner fringe.

3. The slag melting apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first part of the sealing plug is hollow, and an outer port of the hollow part of the first part is exposed out of the outer side wall of the furnace body when the sealing plug is inserted into the slag discharging port.

4. The slag melting apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: under the initial slag discharging state, partial materials flowing into the slag discharging port are condensed to form solidified materials with right-angled triangle-shaped cross sections, the solidified materials, the upper surface of the first part and the inner surface of the second part of the sealing plug are welded together to form a sealing structure, and the cross section of the sealing structure is of an acute-angled triangle structure with the tip facing the interior of the furnace body.

5. The slag melting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the heavy pouring layer on the inner layer of the furnace body is provided with a fillet structure at the inner edge position close to the slag discharge port.

6. The slag melting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the plasma gun is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the furnace body and gradually inclines downwards from outside to inside.

7. The slag melting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: the inner port of the air supply channel and the gun head of the plasma gun are positioned on the same horizontal line, an included angle a between the flame-throwing angle of the plasma gun and the horizontal plane is 21 degrees, and an included angle b between the axis of the air supply channel and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees.

8. The slag melting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the furnace body is externally provided with a pipeline which extends outwards along the axial direction of the air supply channel, the outer port of the pipeline is sealed by a transparent cover to form an observation port, and a blast pipeline communicated with the pipeline is arranged above the pipeline in the lateral direction and is vertically arranged.

9. The slag melting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the plasma guns are two groups and are arranged on two opposite side walls of the furnace body in a staggered manner, at least two groups of air supply pipelines are respectively arranged on the side wall of the furnace body where each plasma gun is located, and each air supply pipeline and the plasma guns are arranged at intervals.

10. The slag melting apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that: and 3 groups of air supply pipelines are arranged on the side wall of the furnace body where the plasma gun is positioned, wherein the two groups of air supply pipelines are respectively and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the plasma gun, and the third group of air supply pipelines are arranged close to the inner side wall of the combustion chamber far away from the plasma gun.