CN114923120A

CN114923120A - Explosion-proof formula chemical gas storage tank

Info

Publication number: CN114923120A
Application number: CN202210207326.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘果果
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-03-04
Filing date: 2022-03-04
Publication date: 2022-08-19

Abstract

The invention provides an explosion-proof chemical gas storage tank, which comprises a tank body, wherein a base is arranged at the lower end of the tank body, rollers are rotated at the lower end of the base, a sleeve is arranged around the outer side of the tank body, a transmission mechanism capable of forming protection by using water pressure is arranged in the sleeve, a protection mechanism capable of further buffering by using inertia is arranged in the base, the base is hollow, the sleeve is arranged in a cylindrical shape, when the tank body is integrally inclined in the transportation process, the sleeve is synchronously inclined, a telescopic rod at the lower end in a push rod is integrally and quickly slid downwards due to losing the support of the inner wall of the sleeve, a sliding frame in the telescopic rod integrally slides upwards due to inertia, when the sliding frame slides upwards, air in a sucker disc is extracted, so that the sucker at the lower end of the telescopic rod can form support on the ground, meanwhile, the transmission mechanism can form buffer protection on the outer side of the tank body, and avoid the tank body from being impacted in the transportation process, thereby achieving the explosion-proof effect.

Description

Explosion-proof chemical gas storage tank

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical gas storage, in particular to an explosion-proof chemical gas storage tank.

Background

Chemical gas is required to be stored through a storage tank during transportation, chemical reaction is easily generated in the chemical gas when the chemical gas is collided, and necessary fire fighting equipment is required to be equipped for the storage tank for storing combustible gas and combustible liquid, smoking in the tank is strictly prohibited, open fire lighting and heating are strictly performed, and a fire source is brought into a tank area, aiming at the technical inspiration of the storage tank;

at present, a novel explosion-proof chemical gas storage tank of CN201910970624.9 in the prior art discloses a novel explosion-proof chemical gas storage tank, and the invention can push the decompression push plate by high-pressure gas in the gas storage tank, and after the decompression push plate is pushed by the high-pressure gas, the decompression push plate can retract into the mounting groove through a connecting spring, so that the decompression push plate extrudes and discharges air in the mounting groove, thereby facilitating the lifting of the accommodating space in the gas storage tank, and indirectly relieving the pressure in the gas storage tank, but still has the following problems;

according to the retrieval patent, the lower end of the storage tank is usually provided with a roller wheel, so that the storage tank is convenient to move and is stably conveyed, and when the ground bumps, the roller wheel easily bumps the storage tank, so that the gas in the storage tank collides, and the roller wheel cannot buffer;

and when the storage tank is inclined in the conveying process, the gas in the storage tank is easy to incline, so that chemical gas explosion is easy to cause, and the storage tank cannot be automatically protected from the outside and further cannot be prevented from explosion when inclined.

Disclosure of Invention

To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an explosion-proof chemical gas storage tank to solve the above problems described in the background art.

The invention relates to an explosion-proof chemical gas storage tank, which is realized by the following specific technical means: the utility model provides an explosion-proof formula chemical gas storage tank, includes a jar body, the base is installed to the lower extreme of jar body, the lower extreme rotation of base has the gyro wheel, the outside of jar body is surrounded there is the sleeve, telescopic inside is equipped with usable water pressure and forms the drive mechanism of protection, and the inside of base is equipped with the protection machanism who utilizes inertia further buffering.

Further, the inside of base is the cavity form setting, and the sleeve is cylindric setting, and when the jar body wholly inclines in the transportation, the synchronous slope of sleeve, the synchronous slope of the inside clear water of sleeve utilizes water pressure drive mechanism to form automatic protection, and the gyro wheel when the lower extreme of base is rotatory, utilizes protection machanism further to cushion the shock attenuation.

Further, drive mechanism includes catchment ring, funnel, first pivot, goes up swing arm, swash plate, push rod, spacing ring, telescopic link, sucking disc, carriage, support, swivel bearing and mount down.

Further, the ring that catchments runs through in the inside top of sleeve, the funnel is inlayed in the below of catchmenting the ring, first pivot swing in the below of funnel, go up swing arm and swing arm down and swing in the upper and lower both ends of first pivot respectively, the swash plate runs through in the inboard of swing arm down, the push rod swings in one side of swing arm lower extreme down, the spacing ring slides in one side of push rod, the telescopic link slides and nests in the inside lower extreme of spacing ring, the sucking disc is inlayed in the lower extreme of telescopic link, the carriage slides in the inside of telescopic link, the support swings in one side of push rod, swivel bearing and mount articulate in the lower extreme of support in proper order.

Further, the ring that catchments is the semicircle arcuation setting, and the semicircle angle is 180, and it has the clear water to catchment inside the ring packing, and the clear water is located the inside two-thirds position of ring that catchments, catchments ring, funnel and last swing arm and is the perpendicular setting that corresponds in proper order.

Furthermore, a groove is formed in the upper end of the upper swing arm, the first rotating shaft is hinged to the inner wall of the sleeve, the upper swing arm and the lower swing arm are inclined by 15-35 degrees, a groove is formed in one side of the lower swing arm, the inclined plate penetrates through the groove, and the lower swing arm and the support are arranged in a vertical corresponding mode.

Furthermore, the inclined plate is inclined by 25-45 degrees, the inclined direction of the inclined plate is the same as the swinging direction of the lower swing arm, 3-5 inclined plates are vertically distributed, the limiting ring is matched with the outer side of the sleeve, when the limiting ring is static, the limiting ring is nested on the inner wall of the sleeve in a sliding mode, when the limiting ring slides, the limiting ring extends to the two sides of the sleeve, and the limiting ring is arranged in an inverted concave mode.

Further, the telescopic link is "T" form setting, and the inside of telescopic link is seted up flutedly, and the carriage slides in the inside of recess, and telescopic link and sucking disc combination are worker's form, and the sucking disc slides the lower extreme nested in the spacing ring.

Furthermore, the whole support is arranged in an L shape, the upper end of the support is arranged in a concave shape, the other side of the support extends to one side of the push rod, the support swings for 15-45 degrees through the rotary bearing, one side of the support is extruded to one side of the push rod when the support swings, the fixing frame is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve, the support can be installed and fixed through the fixing frame, and the rotary bearing can swing conveniently.

Furthermore, the protection mechanism comprises a cross rod, a buffer frame, a second rotating shaft, a heavy object, a connecting rod and a disc, the cross rod is installed at the upper end of the roller, the buffer frame swings in the cross rod, the second rotating shaft is hinged to the upper end of the buffer frame, the heavy object is installed on two sides of the buffer frame, the connecting rod swings in one side of the cross rod, and the disc rotates in one side of the connecting rod.

Furthermore, the buffer frame is arranged in an eight-shaped manner, the second rotating shaft is hinged to the upper end inside the base, the buffer frame swings on two sides of the second rotating shaft, the weight is a weight with the weight of 50-100g, the connecting rod penetrates through the inside of the base, the connecting rod swings on the upper end and the lower end of two sides of the disc respectively, and when the cross rod slides, the connecting rod synchronously slides upwards, and the disc integrally rotates.

Has the advantages that:

1. when the whole tank body inclines, the sleeve inclines integrally, clear water in the water collecting ring falls into the funnel due to inclination, the clear water falls to the upper end of the upper swing arm through the funnel, the upper swing arm guides the clear water to the upper end of the lower swing arm due to the shape of the upper swing arm, and due to the arrangement of the inclined plate, part of the clear water is stored on the inner side of the lower swing arm, so that the weight of the lower swing arm can be increased by utilizing the weight of the clear water, and the lower swing arm swings through the first rotating shaft;

2. the push rod synchronously swings, the push rod pushes one side of the limiting ring, part of clear water falls to the upper end of the support through the lower swing arm, due to the shape of the support, the support swings in an angle through the rotary bearing by utilizing the water pressure of the clear water, the support simultaneously extrudes one side of the push rod, and the push rod can assist the limiting ring to extend to the outer side of the sleeve;

3. the telescopic rod at the lower end inside the push rod integrally and quickly slides downwards due to the loss of the support of the inner wall of the sleeve, the sliding frame inside the telescopic rod integrally slides upwards due to inertia, when the sliding frame slides upwards, air inside the sucker is sucked, so that the sucker at the lower end of the telescopic rod can support the ground, and meanwhile, the transmission mechanism can form buffer protection on the outer side of the tank body, so that the tank body is prevented from being impacted in the transportation process, and the explosion-proof effect is achieved;

4. when the roller rotates, the road surface is easy to bulge, so that the roller is bumpy integrally, the cross rod moves upwards at the moment, the connecting rod synchronously moves upwards, the connecting rod can drive the disc to rotate, the inertia of the disc is utilized, the return of the connecting rod can be assisted, and meanwhile, the return of the cross rod is assisted;

5. when the cross rod moves upwards, the cross rod is extruded to the lower end of the buffer frame, the buffer frame swings upwards through the second rotating shaft, due to the weight of the heavy object, the buffer frame swings downwards after moving upwards by 5-15 degrees, the cross rod returns to the original position, the roller can be buffered by the aid of the protection mechanism, buffering and jolting of the tank body in the moving process are reduced, and gas inside the tank body is prevented from colliding.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the can body of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the swing arm structure of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the invention shown at A in FIG. 2.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the sliding structure of the telescopic rod in fig. 4.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 2 according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the disk structure of the present invention.

In fig. 1 to 7, the correspondence between the component names and the reference numbers is:

1-tank body, 101-base, 102-roller, 2-sleeve, 201-water collecting ring, 202-funnel, 203-first rotating shaft, 204-upper swing arm, 205-lower swing arm, 206-inclined plate, 3-push rod, 301-spacing ring, 302-telescopic rod, 303-sucker, 304-sliding frame, 4-bracket, 401-rotating bearing, 402-fixing frame, 5-cross rod, 501-buffer frame, 502-second rotating shaft, 503-heavy object, 504-connecting rod and 505-disc.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment is as follows:

as shown in figures 1 to 7:

example 1: an explosion-proof chemical gas storage tank comprises a tank body 1, wherein a base 101 is installed at the lower end of the tank body 1, a roller 102 is rotated at the lower end of the base 101, a sleeve 2 is encircled outside the tank body 1, a transmission mechanism capable of forming protection by using water pressure is arranged inside the sleeve 2, and a protection mechanism capable of further buffering by using inertia is arranged inside the base 101;

wherein: the interior of the base 101 is arranged in a hollow shape, the sleeve 2 is arranged in a cylindrical shape, when the tank body 1 is integrally inclined in the transportation process, the sleeve 2 is synchronously inclined, clean water in the sleeve 2 is synchronously inclined, automatic protection can be formed by using a hydraulic transmission mechanism, and when the roller 102 rotates at the lower end of the base 101, the damping is further buffered by using a protection mechanism;

example 2: referring to fig. 2-5 of the specification, embodiment 2 is different from embodiment 1 in that the transmission mechanism includes a water collecting ring 201, a funnel 202, a first rotating shaft 203, an upper swing arm 204, a lower swing arm 205, an inclined plate 206, a push rod 3, a limit ring 301, a telescopic rod 302, a suction cup 303, a sliding frame 304, a support 4, a rotary bearing 401 and a fixing frame 402, the water collecting ring 201 penetrates through the upper portion of the interior of the sleeve 2, the funnel 202 is embedded below the water collecting ring 201, the first rotating shaft 203 swings below the funnel 202, the upper swing arm 204 and the lower swing arm 205 respectively swing at the upper end and the lower end of the first rotating shaft 203, the inclined plate 206 penetrates the inner side of the lower swing arm 205, the push rod 3 swings at one side of the lower end of the lower swing arm 206, the limit ring 301 slides on one side of the push rod 3, the telescopic rod 302 slides and nests at the lower end of the limit ring 301, the suction cup 303 is embedded at the lower end of the telescopic rod 302, the sliding frame 304 slides inside the telescopic rod 302, the support 4 swings at one side of the push rod 3, and the rotary bearing 401 and the fixed frame 402 are sequentially hinged at the lower end of the support 4;

wherein: the water collecting ring 201 is arranged in a semicircular arc shape, the semicircular arc angle is 180 degrees, clear water is filled in the water collecting ring 201 and is positioned in two thirds of the position in the water collecting ring 201, and the water collecting ring 201, the funnel 202 and the upper swing arm 204 are sequentially and vertically arranged correspondingly;

the upper end of the upper swing arm 204 is provided with a groove, the first rotating shaft 203 is hinged to the inner wall of the sleeve 2, the upper swing arm 204 and the lower swing arm 205 are both arranged in an inclined manner at 15-35 degrees, one side of the lower swing arm 205 is provided with a groove, the inclined plate 206 penetrates through the inner part of the groove, and the lower swing arm 205 is vertically and correspondingly arranged with the bracket 4;

the inclined plate 206 is arranged at an inclination angle of 25-45 degrees, the inclination direction of the inclined plate 206 is the same as the swing direction of the lower swing arm 205, and 3-5 inclined plates 206 are vertically arranged;

the inclined plate 206 is arranged, so that clean water can be conveniently stored in the inner side of the lower swing arm 205 for a short time, and the weight of the lower swing arm 205 is increased;

the lower end of the push rod 3 is horizontally arranged corresponding to one side of the bracket 4, and the lower swing arm 205 is connected with the limiting ring 301 through the push rod 3;

the shape of the limiting ring 301 is matched with the outer side of the sleeve 2, when the limiting ring 301 is static, the limiting ring 301 is nested on the inner wall of the sleeve 2 in a sliding mode, when the limiting ring 301 slides, the limiting ring 301 extends to the two sides of the sleeve 2, and the limiting ring 301 is arranged in an inverted concave mode;

the telescopic rod 302 is arranged in a T shape, a groove is formed in the telescopic rod 302, the sliding frame 304 slides in the groove, the telescopic rod 302 and the sucker 303 are combined in an I shape, and the sucker 303 is nested at the lower end of the limiting ring 301 in a sliding manner;

the sliding frame 304 is arranged in an inverted T shape, and the sliding frame 304 is arranged in a shape, so that the telescopic rod 302 can be conveniently sealed through the sliding frame 304;

when the telescopic rod 302 is static, the distance between the lower end of the sliding frame 304 and the upper end of the suction cup 303 is 1-2cm, and when the telescopic rod 302 slides downwards, the sliding frame 304 slides upwards in the telescopic rod 302 due to inertia;

the support 4 is integrally arranged in an L shape, the upper end of the support 4 is arranged in a concave shape, the other side of the support 4 extends to one side of the push rod 3, the support 4 swings at an angle of 15-45 degrees through a rotary bearing 401, and when the support 4 swings, one side of the support 4 is extruded to one side of the push rod 3;

the fixing frame 402 is arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve 2, the support 4 can be fixedly arranged by the fixing frame 402, and the rotary bearing 401 can conveniently swing;

wherein: when the whole tank body 1 is inclined, the sleeve 2 is inclined, clear water in the water collecting ring 201 falls into the funnel 202 due to inclination, the clear water falls into the upper end of the upper swing arm 204 through the funnel 202, the upper swing arm 204 guides the clear water to the upper end of the lower swing arm 205 due to the shape of the upper swing arm 204, part of the clear water is stored on the inner side of the lower swing arm 205 due to the inclined plate 206, and the weight of the lower swing arm 205 can be increased by using the weight of the clear water, so that the lower swing arm 205 swings through the first rotating shaft 203;

the push rod 3 synchronously swings, the push rod 3 pushes one side of the limiting ring 301, part of clear water falls to the upper end of the support 4 through the lower swing arm 205, due to the shape arrangement of the support 4, the support 4 swings in an angle through the rotary bearing 401 by utilizing the water pressure of the clear water, the support 4 simultaneously extrudes one side of the push rod 3, and the push rod 3 can assist the limiting ring 301 to extend to the outer side of the sleeve 2;

the telescopic rod 302 at the lower end inside the push rod 3 integrally and rapidly slides downwards due to the fact that the support of the inner wall of the sleeve 2 is lost, the sliding frame 304 inside the telescopic rod 302 integrally slides upwards due to inertia, when the sliding frame 304 slides upwards, air inside the suction disc 303 is extracted, the suction disc 303 at the lower end of the telescopic rod 302 can support the ground, meanwhile, the transmission mechanism can form buffer protection on the outer side of the tank body 1, the tank body 1 is prevented from being impacted in the transportation process, and the explosion-proof effect is achieved;

example 3: as can be understood by referring to fig. 2, 6 and 7 of the specification, embodiment 3 differs from embodiments 1 and 2 in that the guard mechanism includes a cross bar 5, a buffer frame 501, a second rotating shaft 502, a weight 503, a connecting rod 504 and a disc 505, the cross bar 5 is mounted at the upper end of the roller 102, the buffer frame 501 swings inside the cross bar 5, the second rotating shaft 502 is hinged at the upper end of the buffer frame 501, the weight 503 is mounted at both sides of the buffer frame 501, the connecting rod 504 swings at one side of the cross bar 5, and the disc 505 rotates at one side of the connecting rod 504;

wherein: the cross rod 5 extends to two sides of the base 101 in a sliding mode, the interior of the cross rod 5 is concave, and the upper end of the cross rod 5 extends to the interior of the base 101;

the buffer frame 501 is arranged in an eight-shaped manner, the second rotating shaft 502 is hinged to the upper end inside the base 101, the buffer frame 501 swings on two sides of the second rotating shaft 502, and the weight 503 is a weight with the weight of 50-100 g;

a connecting rod 504, wherein the connecting rod 504 penetrates through the inside of the base 101, the connecting rod 504 swings at the upper end and the lower end of two sides of the disc 505 respectively, when the cross rod 5 slides, the connecting rod 504 synchronously slides upwards, and the disc 505 integrally rotates;

wherein: when the roller 102 rotates, the road surface is easy to bulge, so that the roller 102 is integrally bumpy, the cross rod 5 moves upwards at the moment, the connecting rod 504 synchronously moves upwards, the connecting rod 504 can drive the disc 505 to rotate, the inertia of the disc 505 can be used for assisting the return of the connecting rod 504, and meanwhile, the cross rod 5 returns;

and when the cross rod 5 is upward, the cross rod 5 is extruded to the lower end of the buffer frame 501, the buffer frame 501 swings upward through the second rotating shaft 502, due to the weight of the weight 503, the buffer frame 501 swings downward after moving upward by 5-15 degrees, the auxiliary cross rod 5 returns, and then the roller 102 can be buffered by using the protection mechanism, so that the buffer and jolt of the tank body 1 in the moving process are reduced, and the collision of gas in the tank body 1 is avoided.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof formula chemical gas storage tank which characterized in that: comprises that

The tank comprises a tank body (1), wherein a base (101) is installed at the lower end of the tank body (1), rollers (102) are rotatably arranged at the lower end of the base (101), a sleeve (2) is arranged around the outer side of the tank body (1), the base (101) is arranged in a hollow shape, and the sleeve (2) is arranged in a cylindrical shape;

the hydraulic protection device comprises a transmission mechanism and a protection mechanism, wherein the transmission mechanism capable of forming protection by using water pressure is arranged in a sleeve (2), and the protection mechanism capable of further buffering by using inertia is arranged in a base (101);

the water collecting ring (201) and the funnel (202), the water collecting ring (201) penetrates through the upper part of the interior of the sleeve (2), and the funnel (202) is embedded below the water collecting ring (201);

the water collecting ring (201) is arranged in a semicircular arc shape, the semicircular arc angle is 180 degrees, clear water is filled in the water collecting ring (201), and the clear water is positioned in two thirds of the position in the water collecting ring (201).

2. An explosion proof chemical gas storage tank as defined in claim 1, wherein: the transmission mechanism comprises a first rotating shaft (203), an upper swing arm (204), a lower swing arm (205), an inclined plate (206), a push rod (3), a limiting ring (301), a telescopic rod (302), a sucking disc (303), a sliding frame (304), a support (4), a rotary bearing (401) and a fixed frame (402), wherein the first rotating shaft (203) swings below the funnel (202), the upper swing arm (204) and the lower swing arm (205) swing at the upper end and the lower end of the first rotating shaft (203) respectively, the inclined plate (206) penetrates through the inner side of the lower swing arm (205), the push rod (3) swings at one side of the lower end of the lower swing arm (206), the limiting ring (301) slides at one side of the push rod (3), the telescopic rod (302) is nested at the lower end inside the limiting ring (301) in a sliding manner, the sucking disc (303) is embedded at the lower end of the telescopic rod (302), the sliding frame (304) slides inside the telescopic rod (302), the support (4) swings at one side of the push rod (3), the rotary bearing (401) and the fixed frame (402) are sequentially hinged at the lower end of the bracket (4).

3. An explosion proof chemical gas storage tank as defined in claim 2, wherein: the upper end of the upper swing arm (204) is provided with a groove, the first rotating shaft (203) is hinged to the inner wall of the sleeve (2), the upper swing arm (204) and the lower swing arm (205) are inclined by 15-35 degrees, one side of the lower swing arm (205) is provided with a groove, the inclined plate (206) penetrates through the groove, and the lower swing arm (205) and the support (4) are vertically arranged correspondingly.

4. An explosion proof chemical gas storage tank as defined in claim 2, wherein: the inclined plate (206) is arranged in an inclined manner at an angle of 25-45 degrees, the inclined direction of the inclined plate (206) is the same as the swinging direction of the lower swing arm (205), and 3-5 inclined plates (206) are vertically arranged;

the lower end of the push rod (3) is horizontally arranged corresponding to one side of the support (4), and the lower swing arm (205) is connected with the limiting ring (301) through the push rod (3).

5. An explosion proof chemical gas storage tank as defined in claim 2, wherein: the shape of the limiting ring (301) is matched with the outer side of the sleeve (2), when the limiting ring (301) is static, the limiting ring (301) is nested on the inner wall of the sleeve (2) in a sliding mode, when the limiting ring (301) slides, the limiting ring (301) extends to the two sides of the sleeve (2), and the limiting ring (301) is arranged in an inverted concave mode.

6. An explosion proof chemical gas storage tank as defined in claim 2, wherein: the telescopic rod (302) is arranged in a T shape, a groove is formed in the telescopic rod (302), the sliding frame (304) slides in the groove, the telescopic rod (302) and the sucker (303) are combined in an I shape, and the sucker (303) is nested at the lower end of the limiting ring (301) in a sliding mode.

7. An explosion proof chemical gas storage tank as defined in claim 2, wherein: the support (4) is integrally arranged in an L shape, the upper end of the support (4) is arranged in a concave shape, the other side of the support (4) extends to one side of the push rod (3), the support (4) swings at an angle of 15-45 degrees through the rotary bearing (401), and when the support (4) swings, one side of the support (4) is extruded to one side of the push rod (3).

8. An explosion proof chemical gas storage tank as defined in claim 1, wherein: the protection mechanism comprises a cross rod (5), a buffer frame (501), a second rotating shaft (502), a heavy object (503), a connecting rod (504) and a disc (505), the cross rod (5) is installed at the upper end of the roller (102), the buffer frame (501) swings inside the cross rod (5), the second rotating shaft (502) is hinged to the upper end of the buffer frame (501), the heavy object (503) is installed on the two sides of the buffer frame (501), the connecting rod (504) swings on one side of the cross rod (5), and the disc (505) rotates on one side of the connecting rod (504).

9. An explosion proof chemical gas storage tank as defined in claim 8, wherein: the buffer frame (501) is arranged in an eight-shape mode, the second rotating shaft (502) is hinged to the upper end inside the base (101), the buffer frame (501) swings on two sides of the second rotating shaft (502), and the weight (503) is a weight with the weight of 50-100 g.

10. An explosion proof chemical gas storage tank as defined in claim 8, wherein: the connecting rod (504) penetrates through the base (101), the connecting rod (504) swings at the upper end and the lower end of two sides of the disc (505) respectively, when the cross rod (5) slides, the connecting rod (504) synchronously slides upwards, and the disc (505) integrally rotates.