CN114920530A - Sintering-free ceramsite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sintering-free ceramsite and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114920530A CN114920530A CN202210310716.6A CN202210310716A CN114920530A CN 114920530 A CN114920530 A CN 114920530A CN 202210310716 A CN202210310716 A CN 202210310716A CN 114920530 A CN114920530 A CN 114920530A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sintering-free ceramsite, which is of a core-shell structure and comprises a ceramsite core and at least one ceramsite shell; the ceramsite core is prepared from a core material, wherein the core material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 70 percent of peat, 8 to 15 percent of cement, 10 to 15 percent of fly ash, 2 to 5 percent of gypsum, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of binder and the balance of water; the ceramsite shell is prepared from shell materials, wherein the shell materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 30-70% of ceramic micro powder and 30-70% of cement. The sintering-free ceramsite has good adsorption performance and strength, and can be used as a sewage purification material and an ecological building material. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the sintering-free ceramsite, which comprises the steps of preparation of core materials, granulation, balling, preparation of shell material mixture, coating of the shell and maintenance, and the ceramsite is prepared under the condition of no sintering, and has the characteristics of simple steps, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment, in particular to a sintering-free ceramsite and a preparation method thereof.
Background
According to data, the daily treatment capacity of domestic sewage in 2019 reaches 1.92 hundred million m 3 . If according to 1 ten thousand m 3 The method is characterized in that the domestic sewage generates 5-8 tons of sludge with the water content of 80%, the annual sludge yield exceeds 4555 ten thousand tons, and the harmless treatment capacity of urban sludge in China accounts for 53% of the total sludge amount, which means that 2140 ten thousand tons of urban sludge can not be properly treated every year, and the untreated sludge has the defects that the useful components can not be reasonably utilized, the economic value is low, the environment is polluted, and the difficulty of environment treatment is increased.
The existing sludge treatment modes mainly comprise four types, namely incineration, land utilization, mixed landfill, building material utilization and the like. The utilization of the building materials comprises the preparation of sludge ceramsite by utilizing sludge, and the treatment effects of reduction, harmlessness and reclamation are achieved. Specifically, firstly, the sludge is subjected to harmless, stabilizing and reducing treatment to obtain dried sludge, then the dried sludge is mixed with clay, granulated into balls, and sintered into ceramsite at the temperature of over 850 ℃. The method can not only treat a large amount of sludge safely and reduce the risk of environmental pollution, but also bring considerable economic benefits.
However, the sludge ceramsite prepared by the method has the problems of low strength, high energy consumption, high carbon emission, high production cost and the like, and is listed as a limited industry by many cities. How to improve the strength of the ceramsite prepared from the sludge and reduce the energy consumption, carbon emission and production cost in the preparation process is an urgent problem to be solved for improving the utilization rate and economic value of the sludge. It is seen that improvements and enhancements in the prior art are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sintering-free ceramsite and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the strength of the ceramsite prepared by using sludge in the prior art is low, and the preparation method of the ceramsite has high energy consumption, high carbon emission and high production cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the sintering-free ceramsite is of a core-shell structure and comprises a ceramsite core and at least one ceramsite shell; the ceramsite core is prepared from a core material, wherein the core material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 70 percent of peat, 8 to 15 percent of cement, 10 to 15 percent of fly ash, 2 to 5 percent of gypsum, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of binder and the balance of water; the ceramsite shell is prepared from a shell material, wherein the shell material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-70% of ceramic micro powder and 30-70% of cement.
In the non-sintered ceramsite, the peat is prepared from organic sludge, and the organic sludge comprises one of municipal sludge, printing and dyeing sludge or paper making sludge.
In the sintering-free ceramsite, the preparation method of the peat is as follows: the organic sludge is subjected to dehydration treatment, plate-and-frame filter pressing deep dehydration, sludge drying treatment and sludge high-temperature carbonization treatment by chemical reagents to obtain the sludge.
In the sintering-free ceramsite, the carbon element content in the sludge carbon is 10% -25%.
In the non-sintered ceramsite, the average particle size of the peat is 0.624-0.660 mm, and the specific surface area is 2852-5575 cm 2 /g。
In the sintering-free ceramsite, the binder comprises one or more of polyethylene acid, carboxymethyl cellulose and epoxy resin.
In the sintering-free ceramsite, the gypsum powder is dehydrated gypsum powder.
In the non-sintered ceramsite, the fly ash is more than two levels of fly ash.
In the sintering-free ceramsite, the ceramic micro powder is powder generated by a ceramic polishing process and is prepared by dehydration, drying modification.
The preparation method of the sintering-free ceramsite comprises the following preparation steps:
s01, preparing a nuclear material: taking the components in the core material according to the proportion, firstly stirring and uniformly mixing the sewage peat, the gypsum, the fly ash and the cement, then adding water and the binder, and stirring and mixing to obtain the core material;
step S02, granulation: granulating the core material by a double-roller granulator, and carrying out double-roller extrusion molding to obtain 5-20 mm elliptic cylindrical ceramsite A;
step S03, balling: processing the ceramsite A into a round shape or an oval shape by a ball polishing machine to obtain ceramsite B;
step S04, preparing a shell material mixture: taking cement and ceramic micro powder according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing;
step S05, wrapping the shell: putting the ceramsite B into a closed disc, and spraying a shell material mixture while rolling until the surface of the ceramsite B is uniformly coated with a layer of shell material with the thickness of 0.15-0.5 mm to obtain a ceramsite C with a core-shell structure;
step S06, maintenance: and (4) conveying the ceramsite C into a standard curing room for curing for 24-48 h to obtain the sintering-free ceramsite with the sludge carbon-based core-shell structure.
Has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a non-sintered ceramsite and a preparation method thereof, wherein the non-sintered ceramsite is of a core-shell structure, a ceramsite core is prepared from sludge carbon with a porous structure, the non-sintered ceramsite has better adsorption performance and lower volume weight, so that the ceramsite can be used as a sewage purification material, and the ceramsite shell has better compressive strength and can better protect the ceramsite core, further can be used as an ecological concrete material, and has better utilization value. In addition, the core material and the shell material are both used as bonding materials through cement, and sintering is not needed during forming, so that the energy consumption during ceramsite production can be greatly reduced.
The preparation method of the sintering-free ceramsite has the advantages of simple steps, easiness in realization, no need of heating and sintering in the preparation process, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a sintering-free ceramsite and a preparation method thereof, and in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and clearer, the invention is further described in detail by the following examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a sintering-free ceramsite which is of a core-shell structure and comprises a ceramsite core and at least one ceramsite shell wrapped outside the ceramsite core, wherein the ceramsite core has high porosity, so that the sintering-free ceramsite has high adsorption performance and low volume weight; the ceramsite shell is wrapped outside the ceramsite core, so that the strength and the wear resistance of the sintering-free ceramsite can be improved, and the appearance of the ceramsite is improved.
Specifically, the ceramsite core is prepared from a core material, wherein the core material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 70 percent of peat, 8 to 15 percent of cement, 10 to 15 percent of fly ash, 2 to 5 percent of gypsum, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of binder and the balance of water.
In the nuclear material with the above proportion, the sludge coal is prepared by pyrolyzing organic sludge and has a porous structure, so that the prepared ceramsite has the porous structure, the porous structure can reduce the volume weight of the ceramsite, and simultaneously, the adsorption performance of the ceramsite is greatly improved, so that the ceramsite can be used as a purification material for filling a water treatment biological filter and manufacturing an ecological concrete material.
Specifically, the organic sludge is industrial organic sludge or municipal sludge, preferably one of municipal sludge, printing and dyeing sludge or papermaking sludge, and has high organic matter content. After the organic sludge is pyrolyzed, the obtained sludge carbon has high porosity, good activated carbon adsorption performance and better purification effect.
As an embodiment, in the non-sintered ceramsite, the preparation method of the peat comprises: organic sludge is dehydrated by chemical reagents, then is deeply dehydrated by plate-and-frame filter pressing, and then is subjected to sludge drying treatment and sludge high-temperature carbonization treatment to obtain the sludge coal. The method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, organic sludge is dehydrated through a chemical reagent, and the sludge is separated from water, so that the water content of the sludge is reduced; then deeply dehydrating through a plate-and-frame filter pressing device to reduce the water content to about 60 percent; the sludge subjected to filter pressing by the plate frame is hardened into blocks, the sludge blocks are crushed by a crusher and then sent into a sludge heat drying furnace to be dried for 10-15 minutes, and the moisture content of the dried sludge is reduced to below 20% to obtain sludge dry powder; and then conveying the sludge dry powder into a carbonization furnace, carrying out spacer indirect heating for 15-30 minutes in an anaerobic state, wherein the heating temperature is 450-600 ℃, and carrying out high-temperature thermal decomposition to enable organic matters in the sludge to be subjected to fracture, cracking and deoxidation reactions to obtain the sludge coal with a porous structure, wherein the micromolecular organic matters generated in the pyrolysis process are volatilized to form combustion-supporting gas, so that energy can be saved.
The peat prepared by the method has a porous structure and can be used as a raw material of a sewage purification material.
As a preferred embodiment, in the non-sintered ceramsite, the content of carbon element in the sludge carbon is 10% to 25%. In the sewage peat, the content of carbon directly influences the adsorption activity and strength of the sintering-free ceramsite, and the higher the content of the carbon, the better the adsorption performance is, but the strength is reduced. When the content of carbon element in the sludge carbon is 10-25%, the sludge carbon has better adsorption performance and moderate strength.
In another preferred embodiment, in the non-sintered ceramsite, the average particle size of the peat is 0.624-0.660 mm, and the specific surface area is 2852-5575 cm 2 The non-sintered ceramsite has good dispersibility and adsorption performance, and can be fully mixed with other components in the core material, so that the purification performance of the non-sintered ceramsite is improved.
In the core material with the proportion, the cement is a gel material, all components in the core material are gelled and nucleated through hydration reaction, and the cement can provide an alkaline environment so as to promote the hydration reaction of the fly ash and the ceramic micro powder. Specifically, the cement is the Portland cement with the label of P.O 42.5.5, has the characteristics of high strength and good wear resistance, and can improve the strength of the ceramic core. By using cement as a bonding material, the manufacture of the ceramsite does not need to be sintered, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption, simplifying the production process and leading the application of the ceramsite to be widely popularized.
In the nuclear material with the proportion, the fly ash is more than two-grade fly ash, can replace partial cement, reduces the production cost of the sintering-free ceramsite, and can play a physical dispersion role in cement particles, avoid cement accumulation and enable the cement to be more uniformly distributed in the nuclear material. In addition, the fly ash can generate hydration reaction in an alkaline environment, so that the mechanical strength of the ceramsite is increased.
In the core material with the proportion, the gypsum is dehydrated gypsum powder. The dehydrated gypsum powder is beneficial to stirring and mixing of the core material, can improve the early bonding effect of the core material, and activates the ceramic micro powder to a certain degree.
In the core material prepared according to the above proportion, the binder is an organic binder, so that the core material can be rapidly molded. The organic binder comprises one or more of polyethylene acid, carboxymethyl cellulose and epoxy resin, and has thickening and binding effects.
In the sintering-free ceramsite with the structure, the ceramsite shell is prepared from shell materials, and the shell materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 30-70% of ceramic micro powder and 30-70% of cement. The ceramic micro powder is prepared by dehydrating, drying and modifying sludge produced by a ceramic polishing process, is a light inorganic non-metallic material, mainly comprises silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, has potential volcanic ash activity, can reduce the volume weight of cement, reduces the volume weight of ceramsite, and enhances the hardness and the wear resistance of the ceramsite.
Preferably, the volume density of the ceramic micro powder is 0.70-0.9 g/m 3 The medium diameter is 0.015-0.018 mm, and the specific surface area is 950-1775 cm 2 The ceramsite has better functions of reducing the volume weight of the ceramsite and enhancing the hardness and the wear resistance of the ceramsite.
The sintering-free ceramsite with the structure combines the core material with the adsorption property and the shell material with better compressive strength to obtain the ceramsite with the core-shell structure, and the ceramsite can be used as a sewage purification material through the adsorption property of the core material, and the compressive strength of the ceramsite is improved by utilizing the shell material, so that the ceramsite can be used as an ecological concrete material, and has better utilization value. In addition, the core material and the shell material are both made of cement and do not need to be sintered during forming, so that the energy consumption during production of the ceramsite can be greatly reduced. The sludge carbon in the nuclear material is prepared from organic sludge, has a porous structure, can improve the adsorption performance of the ceramsite, is low in cost and sufficient in raw material source, and can greatly improve the utilization rate and economic value of the organic sludge.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the sintering-free ceramsite, which comprises the following preparation steps:
s01, preparing a nuclear material: taking the components in the core material according to the proportion, firstly stirring and uniformly mixing the sewage peat, the gypsum, the fly ash and the cement, then adding water and the binder, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the core material;
step S02, granulation: granulating the core material by a double-roller granulator, and carrying out double-roller extrusion molding to obtain 5-20 mm elliptic cylindrical ceramsite A;
step S03, balling: processing the ceramsite A into a round shape or an oval shape by a ball throwing machine to obtain a ceramsite B, wherein the shape of the ceramsite B is closer to the round shape, the round structure has better flowing property, the subsequent shell materials can be wrapped more uniformly, and the strength of the prepared sintering-free ceramsite is better;
step S04, preparing a shell material mixture: taking cement and ceramic micro powder according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain a shell material mixture;
step S05, wrapping the shell: putting the ceramsite B into a closed disc, and spraying a shell material mixture while rolling until the surface of the ceramsite B is uniformly coated with a layer of shell material with the thickness of 0.15-0.5 mm to obtain a ceramsite C with a core-shell structure;
step S06, maintenance: and (3) conveying the ceramsite C into a standard curing room for curing for 24-48 h to obtain the sintering-free ceramsite with the sludge carbon-based core-shell structure.
Preferably, the shell may have a multilayer structure, and in the specific implementation process, the proportion of the core material and the shell material may be adjusted according to actual needs, and in step S05, the shell is wrapped multiple times to have a multilayer structure, so as to have better compressive strength.
The preparation method of the sintering-free ceramsite has the advantages of simple steps, easiness in realization, no need of sintering in the preparation process, energy conservation, better adsorption property due to the core-shell structure of the prepared ceramsite and porous structure of the core, high shell strength and capability of enhancing the strength of the ceramsite, so that the sintering-free ceramsite can be used as a sewage purification material or an ecological concrete building material.
To further illustrate the sintering-free ceramsite and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention, the following examples are provided.
Example 1
The non-sintered ceramsite is of a core-shell structure and comprises a ceramsite core and a ceramsite shell; the ceramsite core is prepared from a core material, wherein the core material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of peat, 13% of cement, 15% of secondary fly ash, 5% of dehydrated gypsum powder, 0.3% of polyvinyl acid and 6.7% of water; the ceramsite shell is prepared from a shell material, wherein the shell material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of ceramic micro powder and 70% of cement.
The sewage peat is prepared from municipal sludge and specifically comprises the following components: the municipal sludge is dehydrated by chemical reagents, then is deeply dehydrated by plate and frame filter pressing, and then is subjected to sludge drying treatment and sludge high-temperature carbonization treatment to obtain the sludge coal.
The content of carbon element in the sludge carbon is 25 percent, the average grain diameter of the sludge carbon is 0.624mm, and the specific surface area is 5575cm 2 /g。
The preparation method of the sintering-free ceramsite comprises the following steps:
step S01, preparation of nuclear materials: taking the components in the core material according to the proportion, firstly stirring and uniformly mixing the sewage peat, the gypsum, the fly ash and the cement, then adding water and the binder, and stirring and mixing to obtain the core material;
step S02, granulation: granulating the core material by a double-roller granulator, and carrying out double-roller extrusion molding to obtain 5-20 mm elliptic cylindrical ceramsite A;
step S03, balling: processing the ceramsite A into a round shape or an oval shape by a ball polishing machine to obtain ceramsite B;
step S04, preparing a shell material mixture: taking the cement and the ceramic micro powder according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing;
step S05, wrapping the shell: putting the ceramsite B into a closed disc, and spraying a shell material mixture while rolling until the surface of the ceramsite B is uniformly coated with a layer of shell material with the thickness of 0.15-0.5 mm to obtain a ceramsite C with a core-shell structure;
step S06, maintenance: and (4) conveying the ceramsite C into a standard curing room for curing for 24 hours to obtain the sintering-free ceramsite with the sludge carbon-based core-shell structure.
Example 2
The non-sintered ceramsite is of a core-shell structure and comprises a ceramsite core and two ceramsite shells; the ceramsite core is prepared from a core material, wherein the core material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of sewage peat, 10% of cement, 10% of secondary fly ash, 2% of dehydrated gypsum, 0.3% of carboxymethyl cellulose and 6.7% of water; the ceramsite shell is prepared from a shell material, wherein the shell material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of ceramic micro powder and 30% of cement.
The sludge carbon is prepared from printing and dyeing sludge, the content of carbon element in the sludge carbon is 25%, the average particle size of the sludge carbon is 0.650mm, and the specific surface area is 3350cm 2 /g。
The preparation method of the sintering-free ceramsite and the preparation method of the peat are basically the same as those in example 1, except that the step S05 is implemented by wrapping the ceramsite with the peat twice, so that the obtained sintering-free ceramsite has two ceramsite shells.
Example 3
The non-sintered ceramsite is of a core-shell structure and comprises a ceramsite core and three ceramsite shells; the ceramsite core is prepared from a core material, wherein the core material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65% of peat, 15% of cement, 12% of tertiary fly ash, 3% of dehydrated gypsum, 0.1% of epoxy resin and 4.9% of water; the ceramsite shell is prepared from a shell material, wherein the shell material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of ceramic micro powder and 50% of cement.
The sludge carbon is prepared from papermaking sludge, the content of carbon element in the sludge carbon is 20%, the average particle size of the sludge carbon is 0.630mm, and the specific surface area is 4665cm 2 /g。
The preparation method of the sintering-free ceramsite and the preparation method of the sludge coal are basically the same as those in the example 1, and the difference is that the step S05 is carried out for three times of casing wrapping, so that the obtained sintering-free ceramsite has three layers of ceramsite shells.
Example 4
The non-sintered ceramsite is of a core-shell structure and comprises a ceramsite core and two ceramsite shells; the ceramsite core is prepared from a core material, wherein the core material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 62% of sewage peat, 12% of cement, 13% of fly ash, 4% of gypsum, 0.1% of polyvinyl acid, 0.1% of carboxymethyl cellulose and 8.8% of water; the ceramsite shell is prepared from shell materials, wherein the shell materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of ceramic micro powder and 40% of cement.
The sludge carbon is prepared from municipal sludge, the content of carbon element in the sludge carbon is 15%, the average particle size of the sludge carbon is 0.660mm, and the specific surface area is 2852cm 2 /g。
The preparation method of the sintering-free ceramsite and the preparation method of the peat are basically the same as those in example 1, except that the step S05 is implemented by wrapping the ceramsite with the peat twice, so that the obtained sintering-free ceramsite has two ceramsite shells.
Example 5
The non-sintered ceramsite is of a core-shell structure and comprises a ceramsite core and two ceramsite shells; the ceramsite core is prepared from a core material, wherein the core material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 66% of sludge soil, 12% of cement, 12% of secondary fly ash, 3% of dehydrated gypsum, 0.2% of polyvinyl acid and 6.8% of water; the ceramsite shell is prepared from shell materials, wherein the shell materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 65% of ceramic micro powder and 35% of cement.
The sludge carbon is prepared from municipal sludge, the content of carbon in the sludge carbon is 22%, the average particle size of the sludge carbon is 0.633mm, and the specific surface area is 4887cm 2 /g
The preparation method of the sintering-free ceramsite and the preparation method of the sludge coal are basically the same as those in the example 1, and the difference is that the step S05 is implemented by wrapping the outer shell twice, so that the obtained sintering-free ceramsite has two ceramsite shells.
Comparative example 1
The sintering-free ceramsite is a solid pellet prepared from core materials, wherein the core materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 66% of sludge soil, 12% of cement, 12% of fly ash, 3% of gypsum, 0.2% of polyvinyl acid and 6.8% of water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking the components in the core material according to the proportion, firstly stirring and uniformly mixing the sewage peat, the gypsum, the fly ash and the cement, then adding water and the binder, and stirring and mixing to obtain the core material; and then granulating the core material by a double-roller granulator, carrying out double-roller extrusion molding to obtain 5-20 mm elliptic cylindrical ceramsite, processing the elliptic ceramsite into circular ceramsite by a ball throwing machine, and then conveying the ceramsite into a standard curing room for curing for 24 hours to obtain the sintering-free ceramsite.
Comparative example 2
The non-sintered ceramsite adopts the basically same component proportion and preparation method as those in example 5, also has a core-shell structure, and is characterized in that sludge carbon in the core material is replaced by dried sludge dry powder.
Comparative example 3
The sintered ceramsite is prepared by mixing 66% of dried sludge and 34% of clay, granulating into balls, and sintering at a temperature of above 850 ℃ to obtain the ceramsite.
Performance test
The sintering-free ceramsite of examples 1-5, the sintering-free ceramsite of comparative examples 1-2 and the sintered ceramsite of comparative example 3 were subjected to adsorption performance and strength tests. The adsorption performance test method comprises the following steps: placing the ceramsite with the same weight into water containing humic acid with a certain concentration, stirring for 2 hours, measuring the concentration of the humic acid, and calculating the removal rate according to the initial concentration. The strength test method is carried out in accordance with GBT 4740-1999-ceramic material compressive Strength test method. Specific test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 performance test results of non-sintered ceramsite
| Removal ratio of humic acid (%) | Compressive strength (MPa) | |
| Example 1 | 21.2 | 17.01 |
| Example 2 | 32.8 | 10.53 |
| Example 3 | 25.4 | 14.87 |
| Example 4 | 26.1 | 13.73 |
| Example 5 | 26.6 | 13.59 |
| Comparative example 1 | 29.6 | 3.36 |
| Comparative example 2 | 6.8 | 10.49 |
| Comparative example 3 | 15.13 | 7.25 |
As can be seen from Table 1: the removal rate of humic acid and the compressive strength of examples 1 to 5 have higher values, which indicates that the adsorption performance and the compressive strength are better, while comparative example 1 has higher removal rate of humic acid but has poor compressive strength and cannot be used as a building material, comparative example 2 has better compressive strength but has poor adsorption performance and cannot be used as a sewage purification material, and comparative example 3 has lower adsorption performance and compressive strength than those of examples 1 to 5. Therefore, the sintering-free ceramsite disclosed by the invention has better comprehensive evaluation of adsorption performance and compression resistance, can be used as a sewage purification material or an ecological concrete building material, and has wide application value.
It should be understood that equivalents and modifications to the invention as described herein may occur to those skilled in the art, and all such modifications and alterations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The sintering-free ceramsite is characterized in that the ceramsite is of a core-shell structure and comprises a ceramsite core and at least one ceramsite shell; the ceramsite core is prepared from a core material, wherein the core material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 70 percent of peat, 8 to 15 percent of cement, 10 to 15 percent of fly ash, 2 to 5 percent of gypsum, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of binder and the balance of water; the ceramsite shell is prepared from a shell material, wherein the shell material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-70% of ceramic micro powder and 30-70% of cement.
2. The non-sintered ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the peat is prepared from organic sludge, and the organic sludge comprises one of municipal sludge, printing and dyeing sludge, or paper sludge.
3. The sintering-free ceramsite of claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the peat comprises: the organic sludge is subjected to dehydration treatment, plate-and-frame filter pressing deep dehydration, sludge drying treatment and sludge high-temperature carbonization treatment by using a chemical reagent to obtain the organic sludge.
4. The sintering-free ceramsite of claim 3, wherein the carbon content in the peat is 10% -25%.
5. The sintering-free ceramsite of claim 3, wherein the sintering-free ceramsite is characterized byCharacterized in that the average grain diameter of the peat is 0.624-0.660 mm, and the specific surface area is 2852-5575 cm 2 /g。
6. The sintering-free ceramsite of claim 1, wherein the binder comprises one or more of polyethylene acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, and epoxy resin.
7. The sintering-free ceramsite of claim 1, wherein the gypsum powder is dehydrated gypsum powder.
8. The sintering-free ceramsite of claim 1, wherein the fly ash is more than two-grade fly ash.
9. The sintering-free ceramsite of claim 1, wherein the ceramic micropowder is a powder produced by a ceramic polishing process, and is prepared by dehydration, drying and modification.
10. The preparation method of the sintering-free ceramsite as recited in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
s01, preparing a nuclear material: taking the components in the core material according to the proportion, firstly stirring and uniformly mixing the sludge coal, the gypsum, the fly ash and the cement, then adding water and the binder, stirring and mixing to obtain the core material;
step S02, granulation: granulating the core material by a double-roller granulator, and carrying out double-roller extrusion molding to obtain 5-20 mm elliptic cylindrical ceramsite A;
step S03, balling: processing the ceramsite A into a round shape or an oval shape by a ball polishing machine to obtain ceramsite B; step S04, preparing a shell material mixture: taking cement and ceramic micro powder according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing;
step S05, wrapping the shell: putting the ceramsite B into a closed disc, spraying a shell material mixture while rolling until the surface of the ceramsite B is uniformly coated with a layer of shell material with the thickness of 0.15-0.5 mm to obtain a ceramsite C with a core-shell structure;
step S06, maintenance: and (4) conveying the ceramsite C into a standard curing room for curing for 24-48 h to obtain the sintering-free ceramsite with the sludge carbon-based core-shell structure.
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