CN114918624A - Roller processing method for three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing - Google Patents
Roller processing method for three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114918624A CN114918624A CN202210643178.2A CN202210643178A CN114918624A CN 114918624 A CN114918624 A CN 114918624A CN 202210643178 A CN202210643178 A CN 202210643178A CN 114918624 A CN114918624 A CN 114918624A
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
- B23B31/02—Chucks
- B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
- B23B31/103—Retention by pivotal elements, e.g. catches, pawls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a roller processing method of a three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing, which comprises the steps of blanking cylindrical rollers from raw materials, and sequentially carrying out forging, rough turning, fine turning, heat treatment, hard turning and ultra-precision grinding; in the finish turning process, inwards recessed step holes are respectively machined in the center positions of two end surfaces of a cylindrical roller, after the roller is subjected to heat treatment, the conventional rough grinding process and the conventional finish grinding process are directly replaced by a hard turning process, namely, the process of clamping and positioning the roller by adopting two devices in the rough grinding process and the finish grinding process is eliminated, the roller is clamped and positioned at one time by adopting a high-precision numerical control lathe, and the two end surfaces and the outer diameter surface of the roller are directly turned, so that the jumping quantity of the end surfaces relative to the outer diameter surface reaches the precision requirement of the I-grade roller, the machining precision of the roller is favorably improved, the machining time of the roller can be shortened, and the production efficiency of the roller is favorably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of roller processing methods of wind power main shaft bearings, and particularly relates to a roller processing method of a three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing.
Background
At present, the wind power market is developed rapidly, and a wind power main shaft bearing is an indispensable product in the wind power market. Three rows of cylindrical roller combined bearings are adopted on a main shaft of the direct-drive wind driven generator, and the bearings with the structures need to bear huge radial and axial loads and overturning moments when in use. Due to the particularity of the installation and use environment of the wind power generation equipment, the bearing is required to have the performances of high reliability, high precision, good sealing property, flexible operation and the like, and the service life of the bearing exceeds 25 years.
The precision of the rolling bodies in the three-row cylindrical roller bearing is high, and the service performance and the service life of the bearing are directly restricted. The inner rolling body of the bearing is a cylindrical roller, the prior process for processing the cylindrical roller mainly comprises the working procedures of forging, rough turning, finish turning, heat treatment, coarse grinding, fine grinding and ultra-precision grinding, however, the cylindrical roller has large size and high processing precision requirement and needs to reach I-level precision, the roller processed by the process cannot meet the precision requirement, the main reason is that after the roller is subjected to heat treatment, ultra-precision grinding is carried out after two working procedures of coarse grinding and fine grinding, and the coarse grinding and the fine grinding are respectively required to be processed on two grinding machines. For example, in the rough grinding stage, it is necessary to grind the end surface of the cylindrical roller by using a double-ended grinding machine, and then grind the outer diameter surface of the roller by using a centerless grinding machine; similarly, in the fine grinding stage, the end face and the outer diameter face of the roller are ground by the aid of the double-end-face grinding machine and the centerless grinding machine, so that the roller is ground by different clamping and positioning modes, the end face and the outer diameter face of the finished roller cannot meet design requirements directly, and in an actual test, the bounce amount of the end face of the roller relative to the outer diameter face is about 0.05mm, so that the precision of the roller belongs to the III-level precision of the roller, and the precision of the I-level precision cannot be achieved far away. Therefore, after the low-precision roller processed by the method is arranged in the bearing, the service life of the bearing is directly influenced, the abrasion and the fatigue of the bearing are accelerated, the service life of the bearing is shortened, and the maintenance cost of the bearing is directly increased. In addition, the above-mentioned process that adopts two equipment to carry out coarse grinding and accurate grinding also can prolong the processing cycle of roller, and production efficiency is low. Therefore, a roller processing method of a three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing is needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a roller processing method of a three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing, after a roller is subjected to heat treatment, the traditional rough grinding and accurate grinding process is directly replaced by a hard turning process, namely, the process of clamping and positioning the roller by adopting two devices in the rough grinding and accurate grinding process is eliminated, a high-precision numerical control lathe is adopted to clamp and position the roller at one time, and two end surfaces and an outer diameter surface of the roller are directly turned, so that the jumping quantity of the end surfaces relative to the outer diameter surface reaches the precision requirement of an I-grade roller, the processing precision of the roller is favorably improved, the processing time of the roller can be shortened, and the production efficiency of the roller is favorably improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a roller processing method of a three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing comprises the steps that cylindrical rollers are subjected to forging, rough turning, fine turning, heat treatment, hard turning and ultra-precision grinding in sequence from raw material blanking;
in the fine turning process, the center positions of two end faces of the cylindrical roller are respectively provided with an inwards concave step hole, the root of one step hole is provided with a clamping hole with the diameter smaller than that of the step hole, and the root of the other step hole is provided with a tip hole;
the hard turning process comprises the following steps: step one, clamping and positioning the roller, namely correspondingly assembling one end of the roller with a clamping hole on a three-jaw chuck of a high-precision numerical control lathe, and inserting a tip of the lathe into the position of a tip hole at the other end to finish clamping and positioning the roller;
and step two, turning the outer surface of the roller by using a turning tool in the clamping and positioning state of the roller until the outer surface is turned to a specified size, wherein the outer surface of the roller comprises two end surfaces, chamfer positions at two ends and an outer diameter surface.
In the fine turning procedure, the central lines of the two step holes, the clamping hole and the center hole are all coincided with the central axis of the roller.
In the fine turning process, the depth dimension of the stepped hole is 3mm, the vertical distance from the side wall of the stepped hole to the outer wall of the roller is 10-20mm, and the depth dimension of the clamping hole is 3 mm.
In the first step of the hard turning process, after the center of the lathe is inserted into the center hole of the roller, a tool withdrawal gap is reserved between the edge of the stepped hole and the outer wall of the center of the lathe.
In the second step of the hard turning process, the turning of the two end surfaces and the outer diameter surface of the roller comprises two processes of rough turning and finish turning, after the rough turning is finished, the dimension of the outer diameter surface is 0.08-0.10mm relative to the reserved machining amount of a finished product, the reserved machining amounts of the two end surfaces relative to the finished product are respectively 0.04-0.05mm, after the finish turning is finished, the dimension of the outer diameter surface of the roller is 0.003-0.006mm relative to the reserved machining amount of the finished product, and the dimensions of the two end surfaces of the roller are respectively 0.002-0.004mm relative to the reserved machining amount of the finished product; the residual amount is the ultra-precision grinding residual amount.
The purpose of processing the step holes at the two ends of the cylindrical roller is to reserve a certain space in the process of turning the end face of the roller when the roller is clamped and turned, so that the problem that a turning tool interferes with a three-jaw chuck or the top of a lathe is avoided, and the end face is processed by the turning tool.
Wherein, with the clamping hole setting in the middle part position in step hole, its purpose is in order when carrying out roller dress card, the jack catch of three-jaw chuck can extend to in the clamping hole to contact with the downthehole wall of clamping, realize the effect of clamping, after the clamping is accomplished, the lathe tool can be to the roller terminal surface turning that is close to clamping hole one side, avoids causing the problem of interference.
In addition, the mode of one-time clamping positioning and turning forming can shorten the processing time of the roller after heat treatment and before ultra-precision grinding, reduce the cost input of equipment and improve the processing efficiency.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
after the roller is subjected to heat treatment, the conventional rough grinding and accurate grinding procedures are directly replaced by hard turning procedures, namely, the process of clamping and positioning the roller by adopting two devices in the rough grinding and accurate grinding procedures is eliminated, the roller is clamped and positioned at one time by adopting a high-precision numerical control lathe, and two end surfaces and the outer diameter surface of the roller are directly turned, so that the jumping quantity of the end surface relative to the outer diameter surface meets the precision requirement of the I-grade roller, the processing precision of the roller is favorably improved, the processing time of the roller can be shortened, and the production efficiency of the roller is favorably improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural view in the case where a cylindrical roller of the present invention is solid;
FIG. 2 is a view showing a structure of clamping and positioning of the present invention in the case where the cylindrical roller is solid;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of the cylindrical roller of the present invention in a hollow state;
fig. 4 is a clamping and positioning structure diagram under the condition that the cylindrical roller is hollow.
In the figure, 1, a stepped hole; 2. clamping holes; 3. a tip hole; 4. a tip; 5. a three-jaw chuck.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the figure, the roller processing method of the three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing is suitable for processing the cylindrical rollers of the wind power main shaft bearing, the diameter range of the cylindrical rollers is 60-130mm, the material is GCr5SiMn steel, the surface hardness finally obtained by the rollers is 60-64HRC, and the roller processing method is suitable for processing solid cylindrical rollers (shown in figures 1-2) and hollow cylindrical rollers (shown in figures 3-4), and comprises the steps of forging, rough turning, fine turning, heat treatment, hard turning and ultra-precision grinding of the cylindrical rollers in sequence from the blanking of raw materials;
the raw material blanking, forging, roller rough turning, heat treatment and super-precision grinding processes all adopt conventional processing modes in the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.
In the finish turning process, after two end faces and an outer diameter face of a roller are machined to a specified size in a conventional mode, inwards-recessed step holes 1 need to be machined in the center positions of the two end faces of the cylindrical roller respectively, a clamping hole 2 smaller than the diameter of the step hole 1 is formed in the root of one step hole 1, a tip hole 3 is machined in the root of the other step hole 1, and the center lines of the two step holes 1, the clamping hole 2 and the tip hole 3 are coincident with the central axis of the roller so as to meet the machining precision;
more specifically, the depth dimension of the stepped hole 1 is 3mm, and the depth dimension of the clamping hole 2 is 3mm, so that the three-jaw chuck 5 is suitable for mounting and positioning and the cutter relieving and withdrawing requirements during turning of a turning tool; the vertical distance from the side wall of the stepped hole 1 to the outer wall of the roller is 10-20mm, namely when the maximum outer diameter of the roller is 60mm, the diameter of the stepped hole 1 is 40 mm.
Because two terminal surfaces of cylindrical roller all need carry out high accuracy processing, consequently, set up the purpose of stepped hole 1 at both ends in order to play the effect of stepping down, moving back the sword, ensure at the in-process of turning that the lathe tool can not produce unnecessary interference with the dress clamping tool around.
The hard turning process comprises the following steps: step one, clamping and positioning the roller, namely correspondingly assembling one end of the roller with a clamping hole 2 on a three-jaw chuck 5 of a high-precision numerical control lathe, specifically, extending the three-jaw chuck 5 into the clamping hole 2 and contacting with the inner wall of the clamping hole 2, and tightly jacking the inner wall of the clamping hole 2 after the three-jaw chuck 5 is opened to realize clamping; inserting a center 4 of the lathe into the center hole 3 at the other end to complete the clamping and positioning of the whole roller; after the lathe center 4 is inserted into the center hole 3 of the roller, a tool retracting gap d is reserved between the edge of the step hole 1 and the outer wall of the lathe center 4, and a tool retracting gap e is reserved between the edge of the step hole 1 at the other end and the three-jaw chuck 5, so that the problem of unnecessary interference can be avoided.
Secondly, turning two end surfaces (end surfaces a and b) and an outer diameter surface c of the roller by using a turning tool respectively under the clamping and positioning state of the roller in the first step until the roller is turned to a specified size, and correspondingly turning the position of a chamfer between the end surface and the outer diameter surface when the roller is turned;
the turning sequence of the two end surfaces and the outer diameter surface can be selected according to actual conditions, namely the two end surfaces are turned to a specified size, and then the outer diameter surface is turned; or turning one end face, then turning the outer diameter face, and finally turning the other end face; or turning the outer diameter surface firstly and then turning the two end surfaces; the sequence of turning the end surface or the outer diameter surface is not limited.
Specifically, in the second step of the hard turning process, the turning of the two end surfaces and the outer diameter surface of the roller comprises two processes of rough turning and finish turning, after the rough turning is finished, the dimension of the outer diameter surface relative to the reserved machining amount of a finished product is 0.08-0.10mm, the reserved machining amounts of the two end surfaces relative to the finished product are 0.04-0.05mm respectively, after the finish turning is finished, the dimension of the outer diameter surface of the roller relative to the reserved machining amount of the finished product is 0.003-0.006mm, and the dimensions of the two end surfaces of the roller relative to the reserved machining amount of the finished product are 0.002-0.004mm respectively; the residual allowance is the super-grinding allowance, and the residual machining allowance is machined in the super-grinding process; the hard turning process also adopts the processing modes of rough turning and finish turning, aims to control the consistency of the allowance before the second processing, prevents the inconsistent expansion and contraction caused by the different temperatures in the processes of cutter relieving and part processing due to the overlarge allowance dispersion degree, avoids the condition that the turning precision cannot meet the requirement caused by one-time turning, and is favorable for improving the processing precision.
The turning process is carried out on a high-precision numerical control lathe, parameter data such as the feed amount, the motion track, the main shaft rotating speed and the like are input into a program of the numerical control lathe through programming, and the turning tool is controlled to turn by utilizing the program, so that the high-precision turning of the roller is realized.
Through actual test comparison, the traditional rough grinding and accurate grinding processes are adopted, and after the roller is completely formed, the runout quantity of the end face of the cylindrical roller relative to the outer diameter surface is about 0.05mm, and the accuracy is III-grade accuracy. By adopting the hard turning process, the jumping amount of the end surface relative to the outer diameter surface can reach 0.002mm, the precision standard of the I-grade roller is reached, the precision grade of the cylindrical roller is greatly improved, the equipment investment cost of the roller in the production process is reduced, and the processing time is shortened.
Claims (5)
1. A roller processing method of a three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps that a cylindrical roller is subjected to forging, rough turning, fine turning, heat treatment, hard turning and ultra-precision grinding in sequence from raw material blanking;
in the fine turning process, the center positions of two end faces of the cylindrical roller are respectively provided with an inwards concave step hole, the root of one step hole is provided with a clamping hole with the diameter smaller than that of the step hole, and the root of the other step hole is provided with a tip hole;
the hard turning process comprises the following steps: step one, clamping and positioning the roller, namely correspondingly assembling one end of the roller with a clamping hole on a three-jaw chuck of a high-precision numerical control lathe, and inserting a tip of the lathe into the position of a tip hole at the other end to finish clamping and positioning the roller;
and step two, turning the outer surface of the roller by using a turning tool in the clamping and positioning state of the roller until the outer surface is turned to a specified size, wherein the outer surface of the roller comprises two end surfaces, chamfer positions at two ends and an outer diameter surface.
2. The roller processing method of the wind power main shaft bearing with three rows of cylindrical rollers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the roller processing method comprises the following steps: in the fine turning procedure, the central lines of the two step holes, the clamping hole and the center hole are all coincided with the central axis of the roller.
3. The roller processing method of the wind power main shaft bearing with three rows of cylindrical rollers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the roller processing method comprises the following steps: in the fine turning process, the depth of the stepped hole is 3mm, the vertical distance from the side wall of the stepped hole to the outer wall of the roller is 10-20mm, and the depth of the clamping hole is 3 mm.
4. The roller processing method of the three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step of the hard turning process, after the center of the lathe is inserted into the center hole of the roller, a tool withdrawal gap is reserved between the edge of the stepped hole and the outer wall of the center of the lathe.
5. The roller processing method of the wind power main shaft bearing with three rows of cylindrical rollers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the roller processing method comprises the following steps: in the second step of the hard turning process, the turning of the two end surfaces and the outer diameter surface of the roller comprises two processes of rough turning and finish turning, after the rough turning is finished, the reserved machining amount of the outer diameter surface size relative to a finished product is 0.08-0.10mm, the reserved machining amount of the two end surfaces relative to the finished product is 0.04-0.05mm respectively, after the finish turning is finished, the reserved machining amount of the outer diameter surface size relative to the finished product of the roller is 0.003-0.006mm, and the reserved machining amount of the two end surfaces of the roller relative to the finished product is 0.002-0.004mm respectively; the residual amount is the ultra-precision grinding residual amount.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210643178.2A CN114918624A (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2022-06-09 | Roller processing method for three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210643178.2A CN114918624A (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2022-06-09 | Roller processing method for three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing |
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| CN114918624A true CN114918624A (en) | 2022-08-19 |
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| CN202210643178.2A Pending CN114918624A (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2022-06-09 | Roller processing method for three-row cylindrical roller wind power main shaft bearing |
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2022
- 2022-06-09 CN CN202210643178.2A patent/CN114918624A/en active Pending
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