CN114914695A - Antenna substrate and antenna - Google Patents
Antenna substrate and antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114914695A CN114914695A CN202110169101.1A CN202110169101A CN114914695A CN 114914695 A CN114914695 A CN 114914695A CN 202110169101 A CN202110169101 A CN 202110169101A CN 114914695 A CN114914695 A CN 114914695A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 35
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 101001077374 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica UMP-CMP kinase 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses an antenna substrate and an antenna, wherein the antenna substrate comprises: the microstrip line layer comprises a microstrip line area and a circuit area positioned at the periphery of the microstrip line area; the microstrip line area comprises N microstrip lines; the circuit area comprises k timing control lines, m signal source lines and m transmission units, each transmission unit comprises x switching devices, the control ends of the switching devices are electrically connected to the timing control lines, the input ends of the x switching devices are electrically connected to the same signal source line, and the output ends of the switching devices are electrically connected to the microstrip lines; the x time sequence control lines provide effective time sequence control signals for the x switching devices in the transmission unit in a time-sharing mode, the signal source lines provide driving signals for the x switching devices in the transmission unit, and the switching devices are conducted when receiving the effective time sequence control signals, so that the driving signals are transmitted to the microstrip lines. The embodiment of the invention reduces the cost of the antenna while realizing high gain.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna substrate and an antenna.
Background
With the continuous development of communication technology, especially the development of 5G technology, people have an increasing demand for large-capacity and high-transmission-speed communication.
The liquid crystal antenna is an antenna which utilizes the dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystal and changes the phase shift magnitude of a phase shifter by controlling the deflection direction of the liquid crystal so as to adjust the alignment direction of a phased array antenna. Compared with the traditional horn antenna, the spiral antenna, the array antenna and the like, the liquid crystal antenna has the characteristics of miniaturization, wide frequency band, multiband, high gain and the like.
However, the cost of the conventional liquid crystal antenna is very high when the high gain effect is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna substrate and an antenna, and aims to solve the problem that the existing liquid crystal antenna is high in cost.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna substrate, including:
the microstrip line comprises a first substrate and a microstrip line layer positioned on the first substrate, wherein the microstrip line layer comprises a microstrip line area and a circuit area positioned at the periphery of the microstrip line area;
the microstrip line region comprises N microstrip lines;
the circuit area comprises k timing control lines, m signal source lines and m transmission units, each transmission unit comprises x switching devices, control ends of the switching devices are electrically connected to the timing control lines, input ends of the x switching devices are electrically connected to the same signal source line, output ends of the switching devices are electrically connected to the microstrip lines, N, k, m and x are positive integers, k x m is larger than or equal to N, k is larger than or equal to 2, m is larger than or equal to 2, and k is larger than or equal to x;
the x time sequence control lines provide effective time sequence control signals for x switching devices in the transmission unit in a time-sharing mode, the signal source line provides driving signals for the x switching devices in the transmission unit, and the switching devices are conducted when receiving the effective time sequence control signals, so that the driving signals are transmitted to the microstrip line.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an antenna, including: the antenna substrate as described above; further comprising: the microstrip line layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate, which faces the dielectric layer.
In the embodiment of the invention, k time sequence control lines provide effective time sequence control signals for x switching devices in the transmission unit in a time-sharing manner, and the x switching devices in the transmission unit are switched on in a time-sharing manner, so that the signal source line corresponding to the transmission unit can transmit driving signals to the x microstrip lines in a time-sharing manner through the x switching devices, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer can be adjusted. In the prior art, one driving signal line provides a driving signal for one microstrip line; compared with the prior art, in the embodiment of the invention, one signal source line can provide driving signals for x microstrip lines in a time-sharing manner, and when the same number of microstrip lines are driven, the number of the signal source lines required in the embodiment of the invention is obviously reduced, the cost of a circuit board in a circuit area can be reduced, and the cost of an antenna is reduced while high gain is realized.
Drawings
To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings required for the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description, although being some specific embodiments of the present invention, can be extended and extended to other structures and drawings by those skilled in the art according to the basic concepts of the device structure, the driving method and the manufacturing method disclosed and suggested by the various embodiments of the present invention, without making sure that these should be within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal antenna provided in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fifth antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a sixth antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a seventh antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip line layer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of another microstrip line layer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of an lcd antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an edge processing module provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of another liquid crystal antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described through embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the basic idea disclosed and suggested by the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. The antenna substrate provided by the embodiment includes: the microstrip line structure includes a first substrate 100 and a microstrip line layer 100a located on the first substrate 100, the microstrip line layer 100a including a microstrip line region 110 and a circuit region 120 located at the periphery of the microstrip line region 110; the microstrip line region 110 includes N microstrip lines 111; the circuit area 120 comprises k timing control lines CK, m signal source lines S and m transmission units 120a, each transmission unit 120a comprises x switching devices 121, control ends of the switching devices 121 are electrically connected to the timing control lines CK, input ends of the x switching devices 121 are electrically connected to the same signal source line S, output ends of the switching devices 121 are electrically connected to the microstrip line 111, N, k, m and x are positive integers, k is not less than N, k is not less than 2, m is not less than 2, and k is not less than x; the x timing control lines CK provide effective timing control signals to the x switching devices 121 in the transmission unit 120a in a time-sharing manner, the signal source line S provides driving signals to the x switching devices 121 in the transmission unit 120a, and the switching devices 121 are turned on when receiving the effective timing control signals, so that the driving signals are transmitted to the microstrip line 111.
Illustratively, the optional antenna substrate is a liquid crystal antenna substrate. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the liquid crystal antenna includes a first substrate 100, a second substrate 200 disposed opposite to the first substrate 100, and a dielectric layer 300 disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200, wherein the dielectric layer 300 is optionally a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate 100 may optionally include a microstrip line layer, a microstrip line region of the microstrip line layer includes a plurality of microstrip lines 111, each microstrip line 111 is electrically connected to a driving signal line 112 correspondingly, it can be understood that the first substrate 100 further includes other film layers for assisting the operation of the microstrip line layer, and details are not repeated here. The optional second substrate 200 includes a substrate 201, a radiator 202 and a feed power dividing network 203 located on the upper side of the substrate 201, and a GND electrode 204 located on the lower side of the substrate 201, where each radiator 202 corresponds to one microstrip line 111. The driving signal line 112 transmits a driving signal to the microstrip line 111, so that an electric field is formed between the microstrip line 111 and the GND electrode 204, thereby controlling the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 300 to change. It is understood that the liquid crystal antenna substrate shown in fig. 2 includes a first substrate 100.
It should be noted that the liquid crystal antenna shown in fig. 2 is only one type of antenna, and the antenna further includes a liquid crystal antenna having a different structure, a light-controlled phased array antenna different from the liquid crystal antenna, and the like. The antenna substrate provided by the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for any antenna including a microstrip line, and is only illustrated by the liquid crystal antenna having the structure shown in fig. 2, but not limited thereto.
The microstrip line layer 100a includes a microstrip line region 110 and a circuit region 120 located at the periphery of the microstrip line region 110; the microstrip line region 110 includes N microstrip lines 111. As shown in fig. 1, 12 microstrip lines 111 may be arranged in an array with N being 12, but the total number and arrangement of the microstrip lines in the microstrip line region are not limited thereto. The driving signal line 112 electrically connected to the microstrip line 111 is used to transmit a driving signal to the microstrip line 111 so as to change the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 300 between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200.
As described above, the radiation principle of the antenna substrate is that a radio frequency signal enters the terminal of the feed power dividing network 203 through the radio frequency source access port 301 and is coupled to the first end of the microstrip line 111 (in fig. 2, the right end of the microstrip line 111); the microstrip line 111 receives a driving signal through the driving signal line 112, and an electric field is formed between the microstrip line 111 and the GND electrode 204 to drive liquid crystal molecules in the dielectric layer 300 to deflect, so that the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is changed, and the phase of a radio-frequency signal after passing through the microstrip line 111 is changed; then, the radio frequency signal is coupled to the radiator 202 at the second end of the microstrip line 111 (the left end of the microstrip line 111 in fig. 2); finally, the radiator 202 radiates the rf signal, and the phase of the signal output by the radiator 202 changes.
In this embodiment, the circuit region 120 includes k timing control lines CK, m signal source lines S, and m transmission units 120a, where the transmission unit 120a includes x switching devices 121, a control end of the switching device 121 is electrically connected to the timing control line CK, input ends of the x switching devices 121 in the transmission unit 120a are electrically connected to the same signal source line S, an output end of the switching device 121 is electrically connected to the microstrip line 111 through the driving signal line 112, N, k, m, and x are positive integers, k × m is greater than or equal to N, k is greater than or equal to 2, m is greater than or equal to 2, and k is greater than or equal to x. The optional circuit region 120 includes 4 timing control lines CK1 to CK4, 3 signal source lines S1 to S3, and 3 transmission units 120a, and the transmission unit 120a includes 4 switching devices 121. The number of the switching devices 121 of different transmission units 120a may be the same or different, the number of the switching devices 121 of one transmission unit 120a should be less than or equal to k, and the total number of the switching devices 121 in the circuit region 120 should be equal to N, so that each microstrip line 111 receives the driving signal transmitted by the signal source line S through one switching device 121.
In the prior art, the microstrip line is electrically connected to the driver chip, and if 12 microstrip lines are disposed in the microstrip line region, the driver chip needs to have 12 end points for electrically connecting to the 12 microstrip lines, respectively, and drive the 12 microstrip lines in the microstrip line region through the microstrip line. Compared with the prior art, when the same number of microstrip lines are driven, the number of the end points required by the circuit board 122 is obviously reduced, so that the cost of the circuit board 122 can be reduced, and the cost of the antenna substrate is further reduced.
For one transmission unit 120a, it includes x switching devices 121; the x switching devices 121 correspond to x timing control lines among the k timing control lines CK, respectively, and the control ends of the switching devices 121 are electrically connected to the timing control lines CK; one transmission unit 120a corresponds to one signal source line S, and the input ends of x switching devices 121 in the transmission unit 120 are all electrically connected to the same signal source line S; one switching device 121 corresponds to one microstrip line 111, and an output end of the switching device 121 is electrically connected to the microstrip line 111. The circuit board 122 provides the timing control line CK with timing control signals including an active timing control signal and an inactive timing control signal, it being understood that the active timing control signal turns the switching device 121 on and the inactive timing control signal turns the switching device 121 off.
The circuit board 122 provides an effective timing control signal to the x switching devices 121 in the transmission unit 120a through the k timing control lines CK in a time-sharing manner, so that the x switching devices 121 in the transmission unit 120a are turned on in a time-sharing manner. It can be seen that, at any time, at most one switching device 121 in the transmission unit 120a is turned on, and the signal source line S corresponding to the transmission unit 120a can transmit the driving signal to a microstrip line 111 through the turned-on switching device 121. Based on this, the driving signal provided by the circuit board 122 to one signal source line S can be outputted to the x microstrip lines 111 in a time-sharing manner.
In this embodiment, the control terminal of one switching device 121 in the transmission unit 120a is electrically connected to one timing control line CK, and the circuit area 120a includes m transmission units 120a, so that one timing control line CK is electrically connected to at most the control terminals of m switching devices 121, and the m switching devices 121 are distributed in different transmission units 120 a. When the circuit board 122 provides an effective timing control signal to one timing control line CK, the m switching devices 121 controlled by the circuit board are turned on simultaneously, and then the m signal source lines S transmit the driving signal to the m microstrip lines 111 through the m switching devices 121, respectively.
The gain of the antenna is related to the number of microstrip lines in the antenna, and if a higher gain antenna is required, the number of microstrip lines in the antenna can be increased. In the prior art, the microstrip line is electrically connected to one port of the driver chip, and the number of the ports of the driver microstrip line of the driver chip should be equal to the number of the microstrip line, for example, 64 × 64 microstrip lines are arranged in the microstrip line region, and the number of the ports of the driver microstrip line of the driver chip is equal to 64 × 64, and the number of the ports of one IC is limited, so that 64 × 64 ports usually need to be implemented by multiple ICs, and thus the high-gain antenna has a large number of ICs and high cost.
In the embodiment of the present invention, one signal source line provides driving signals to x microstrip lines, for example, 64 × 64 microstrip lines are disposed in the microstrip line region, and x ═ k ═ 16 can be selected. One microstrip line corresponds to one switching device, and then 64 × 64 switching devices are controlled by 16 timing control lines, and one timing control line can correspondingly control 64 × 64/16 switching devices. The switching devices of one sequential control line should be located in different transmission units, so 64 × 4 switching devices of one sequential control line are located in 256 transmission units. One transmission unit is electrically connected with one signal source line, and 256 transmission units correspond to 256 signal source lines. As can be seen from this, 64 microstrip lines are provided in the microstrip line region, and when 16 timing control lines are provided, the number m of signal source lines becomes 256. The known circuit board has a number of timing control ports equal to k for controlling the microstrip lines and a number of signal transmission ports equal to m for driving the microstrip lines, so that the number of driving microstrip lines of the circuit board is equal to k + m, 16+256, 272.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention obviously reduces the number of the IC ports, thereby reducing the IC cost. Therefore, the antenna provided by the embodiment can realize high gain and reduce cost.
In the embodiment of the invention, k time sequence control lines provide effective time sequence control signals for x switching devices in the transmission unit in a time-sharing manner, and the x switching devices in the transmission unit are switched on in a time-sharing manner, so that the signal source line corresponding to the transmission unit can transmit driving signals to the x microstrip lines in a time-sharing manner through the x switching devices, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer can be adjusted. In the prior art, one driving signal line provides a driving signal for one microstrip line; compared with the prior art, in the embodiment of the invention, one signal source line can provide driving signals for x microstrip lines in a time-sharing manner, and when the same number of microstrip lines are driven, the number of the signal source lines required in the embodiment of the invention is obviously reduced, the cost of a circuit board in a circuit area can be reduced, and the cost of an antenna is reduced while high gain is realized.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, N ═ k × m, x ═ k may be selected, and each transmission unit 120a includes k switching devices 121. N-k-m, each transmission unit 120a includes k switching devices 121, and the circuit area includes m transmission units 120a, for example, as shown in fig. 3, N-12, k-x-4, and m-3. For the transmission unit 120a, k switching devices 121 thereof are electrically connected to k timing control lines CK respectively in correspondence; the m transmission units 120 are electrically connected to the m signal source lines, respectively. The circuit region includes k × m switching devices 121, the microstrip line region includes N microstrip lines 111, and the k × m switching devices 121 are electrically connected to the N microstrip lines 111 correspondingly. The control end of the switching device 121 is electrically connected to the timing control line CK, the input end of the switching device 121 is electrically connected to the signal source line S, and the output end of the switching device 121 is electrically connected to the microstrip line 111. The N microstrip lines 111 in the selectable microstrip line region are arranged in an array of k × m.
Based on this, the circuit board of the circuit area may include k timing signal ports and m driving signal ports, and the N microstrip lines of the microstrip line area are driven through k timing control lines and m signal source lines, respectively.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, k × m > N is optional, m-1 transmission cells 120a each include k switching devices 121, and the number of switching devices 121 of 1 transmission cell 120b is less than k. k × m > N, the circuit region includes m transmission units 120a, wherein m-1 transmission units 120a include k switching devices 121, and the number of switching devices 121 in the remaining 1 transmission units 120b is less than k, specifically, the transmission unit 120b includes N-k (m-1) switching devices 121. For example, as shown in fig. 4, N is 11, k is 4, m is 3, the transmission unit 120a includes 4 switching devices 121, and the transmission unit 120b includes 3 switching devices 121.
For the transmission unit 120a, k switching devices 121 thereof are electrically connected to k timing control lines CK respectively in correspondence; the m transmission units 120 are respectively and correspondingly electrically connected with the m signal source lines; for the transmission unit 120b, N-k (m-1) switching devices 121 thereof are electrically connected correspondingly to N-k (m-1) timing control lines CK of the k timing control lines CK, respectively. For example, as shown in fig. 4, 3 switching devices 121 in the transmission unit 120b are electrically connected to CK1, CK3, and CK4, respectively.
Based on this, the circuit board of the circuit area may include k timing signal ports and m driving signal ports, and the N microstrip lines of the microstrip line area are driven through k timing control lines and m signal source lines, respectively.
Referring to fig. 3, the optional switching device 121 includes a switching transistor. As shown in fig. 3, the switching device 121 includes a switching transistor. The switch transistor includes a gate, a first end and a second end, the gate of the switch transistor is electrically connected to the timing control line CK, the first end of the switch transistor is electrically connected to the signal source line S, and the second end of the switch transistor is electrically connected to the microstrip line 111 through the driving signal line 112. The conduction of the switching transistor makes the transmission path of the signal source line S and the microstrip line 111 conductive. The turning off of the switching transistor turns off the transmission path of the signal source line S and the microstrip line 111.
It can be understood that the m switch transistors electrically connected to the same timing control line have the same polarity, and are all NMOS or PMOS. The polarities of the switching transistors electrically connected to different timing control lines may be the same or different. For example, as shown in fig. 3, the switching transistors are all NMOS, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the optional switching device 121 includes a switching transistor T and a resistance R connected between an output of the switching transistor T and the microstrip line 111. In this embodiment, the switch device 121 is disposed at the periphery of the microstrip line region 110, and does not occupy the area of the microstrip line region 110, so that the output end of the switch transistor T in the switch device 121 needs to be electrically connected to the microstrip line 111 through the long driving signal line 112. The resistance between the output end of the switching transistor T and the microstrip line 111 in fig. 5 can be regarded as the resistance of the driving signal line 112. It can be understood that, when the lengths of the driving signal lines 112 are different, the resistance value of the resistor between the output end of the switching transistor T and the microstrip line 112 is also changed. On the basis of ensuring the normal transmission function of the driving signal line 112, the width of the driving signal line 112 can be adjusted, so that the transmission loss of each microstrip line 111 tends to be consistent.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the optional circuit region 120 further includes a common source line COM, which supplies a reference voltage signal; the switching device 121 includes a switching transistor T and a first storage capacitor C1, and the first storage capacitor C1 is coupled between the common source line COM and an output terminal of the switching transistor T.
In this embodiment, the common source line COM provides a stable reference voltage signal, which is at a low level, or the potential of the reference voltage signal is the same as the potential of the GND terminal. A first storage capacitor C1 is connected between the output terminal of each switching transistor T and the common source line COM.
The switching device 121 includes a switching transistor T and a first storage capacitor C1, a first plate of the first storage capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the common source line COM, and a second plate of the first storage capacitor C1 is electrically connected to an output terminal of the switching transistor T. When the switching transistor T in the switching device 121 is turned on, the driving signal of the signal source line S is input to the microstrip line 111 through the switching transistor T, and the driving signal also charges the first storage capacitor C1. The first storage capacitor C1 can supply power to the corresponding microstrip line 111 when the switching transistor T is turned off, so that the microstrip line 111 is kept as close as possible to the potential of the driving signal until the driving signal is input again.
Based on this, the first storage capacitor C1 realizes the storage of the driving signal and the voltage holding of the microstrip line 111, and in order to ensure the voltage holding ratio of the first storage capacitor C1 (for example, greater than or equal to 99.9%), the capacitance value of the first storage capacitor C1 should be set as large as possible, so as to avoid the capacitance of the first storage capacitor C1 from being rapidly consumed, and ensure the normal use of the antenna substrate. If CU is it, U'/U is 99.9% or more, and if the leakage current of the switching transistor TFT is i 1 × 10-E12, the frequency is 10Hz, t is 100ms, and U is 10V, C is 10pF or more.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, the optional switching device 121 includes a switching transistor T and a second storage capacitor C2, a first plate of the second storage capacitor C2 being electrically connected to an output terminal of the switching transistor T; the second plate of the second storage capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor T in the other switching device 121.
In this embodiment, the switching device 121 further includes a second storage capacitor C2. A first plate of the second storage capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the switching transistor T; the second plate of the second storage capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor T in the further switching device 121. When the switching transistor T in the switching device 121 is turned on, the driving signal of the signal source line S is input to the microstrip line 111 through the switching transistor T, and the driving signal also charges the second storage capacitor C2; and the second storage capacitor C2 can supply power to the corresponding microstrip line 111 when the switching transistor T is turned off, so that the microstrip line 111 is kept as close as possible to the potential of the driving signal until the driving signal is input again.
Based on this, the second storage capacitor C2 realizes the storage of the driving signal and the voltage holding of the microstrip line 111, and the capacitance of the second storage capacitor C2 should be set as large as possible to avoid the rapid consumption of the capacitance of the second storage capacitor C2.
The optional switch device 121 further includes a first storage capacitor C1, so that the capacitance of the switch device 121 is increased, and the voltage of the microstrip line 111 can be better maintained.
The second plate of the optional second storage capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor T in the upper switching device; in the transfer unit 120a, after the on-phase of the upper switching device is finished, the on-phase of the lower switching device is restarted.
In the present embodiment, the second plate of the second storage capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor T in the upper-stage switching device. After the on-phase of the upper-level switching device is finished, the control terminal potential of the upper-level switching device is stabilized to the potential of the invalid timing control signal, so that the second plate of the second storage capacitor C2 electrically connected with the timing control line of the upper-level switching device is a fixed potential, and the charging of the second storage capacitor C2 is not influenced.
As shown in fig. 7, the 4 timing control lines sequentially output the active timing control signals in the order of CK1, CK2, CK3, and CK 4. A switching device connected to CK2 includes a switching transistor T2 and a second storage capacitor C22.
When CK2 outputs an active timing control signal, CK1 outputs an inactive timing control signal, and then the switch transistor electrically connected to CK1 is turned off, and at this time, the potential of the second plate of the second storage capacitor C22 is the potential of the stable inactive timing control signal. Meanwhile, when the CK2 outputs an active timing control signal, the switching transistor T2 is turned on, and the signal source line S1 charges the first plate of the second storage capacitor C22 through the switching transistor T2. The second storage capacitor C22 stores the driving signal output from S1.
If the second plate of the second storage capacitor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor in the lower stage switching device, taking CK2 as an example, the second plate of the second storage capacitor in the switching device of CK2 is electrically connected to CK 3. Then the following problems may exist: when CK2 outputs an active timing control signal, CK3 outputs an inactive timing control signal, and at this time, the potential of the second plate of the second storage capacitor in the switching device of CK2 is the potential of the stable inactive timing control signal. At the next stage, CK2 outputs an invalid timing control signal, and CK3 immediately outputs an valid timing control signal, so that the potential of the second plate of the second storage capacitor in the switching device of CK2 is affected by the jump of CK3, which affects the capacitance of the second storage capacitor in the switching device of CK2, and further causes the jump of an electrical signal received by a microstrip line electrically connected to the switching device of CK2, and thus it can be known that the jump of the potential of the microstrip line causes the jump of the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, which affects the phase of the radio frequency signal.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, the optional switching device 121 includes a switching transistor T and a latch module 121a connected between an output of the switching transistor T and the microstrip line 111. The optional switching device 121 further includes a latch module 121a, and the latch module 121a is configured to store the driving signal and maintain the voltage of the microstrip line 111 when the switching device 121 is turned off.
It should be noted that the switching device includes a switching transistor for switching and a potential holding device for potential holding, the switching transistor includes but is not limited to CMOS, the potential holding device includes but is not limited to capacitor and latch module, and the switching transistor and the potential holding device can be set by those skilled in the art according to the needs of the product.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 9, the circuit area includes a switching device including a switching transistor T and a capacitor C, which may be selected as a first storage capacitor or a second storage capacitor. The switch transistor T in the switch device includes a gate and a source/drain, and then two plates of the capacitor C may be respectively in the same layer as the gate and the source/drain. In other embodiments, one plate of the capacitor C may be optionally layered with a common source line, a timing signal line, a signal source line, and other layers, but is not limited thereto.
It should be noted that the switching transistor in the illustrated transmission unit is only the most basic structure, and in essence, the first substrate of the antenna substrate further includes other array metal layers, so that the plate of the capacitor can be in the same layer as the other array metal layers on the basis of ensuring the function thereof.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip line layer according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 10, the drive signal line 112 connecting the output terminal of the switching transistor T and the microstrip line 111 includes a first connection portion 112a and a second connection portion 112 b; in the radial direction X of the drive signal line 112, the size of the first connection portion 112a is larger than that of the second connection portion 112 b; in a direction perpendicular to the first substrate, an orthogonal projection of the first connection portion 112a is located within an orthogonal projection of the common source line COM, and a first storage capacitance C1 is formed between the first connection portion 112a and the common source line region overlapping therewith.
As shown in fig. 10, the overall extending direction of the driving signal line 112 can be regarded as the axial direction of the driving signal line 112, the radial direction of the driving signal line 112 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the driving signal line 112, and the radial direction X of the driving signal line 112 is parallel to the plane of the first substrate. The size of the first connection portion 112a is larger than that of the second connection portion 112b, and the orthogonal projection of the first connection portion 112a is located within the orthogonal projection of the common source line COM, then a capacitance is formed between the first connection portion 112a and the common source line region overlapped therewith, and the capacitance is the first storage capacitance C1. The size of the first connection portion 112a of the driving signal line 112 is made as large as possible, so that the capacitance of the first storage capacitor C1 can be increased, and the effect of the first storage capacitor C1 for holding voltage can be improved.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip line layer according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 11, the driving signal line 112 that selectively connects the output terminal of the switching transistor T and the microstrip line 111 includes a third connection portion 112c and a second connection portion 112 b; the size of the third connection portion 112c is larger than that of the second connection portion 112b in the radial direction X of the drive signal line 112; in the direction perpendicular to the first substrate, the orthogonal projection of the third connection portion 112C is located within the orthogonal projection of the timing control line CK, and a second storage capacitance C2 is formed between the third connection portion 112C and the timing control line region overlapping therewith.
As shown in fig. 11, the overall extending direction of the driving signal line 112 can be regarded as the axial direction of the driving signal line 112, the radial direction of the driving signal line 112 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the driving signal line 112, and the radial direction X of the driving signal line 112 is parallel to the plane of the first substrate. The size of the third connection portion 112C is larger than that of the second connection portion 112b, and the orthogonal projection of the third connection portion 112C is located within the orthogonal projection of the timing control line CK, then a capacitance is formed between the third connection portion 112C and the timing control line region overlapping therewith, and this capacitance is the second storage capacitance C2. The third connecting portion 112C of the driving signal line 112 is made as large as possible, so that the capacitance of the second storage capacitor C2 can be increased, and the effect of the second storage capacitor C2 for holding voltage can be improved.
In other embodiments, the optional switching device includes a switching transistor T, a first storage capacitor C1, and a second storage capacitor C2.
As shown in fig. 11, the optional signal source line S, the microstrip line 111, and the driving signal line 112 are disposed in the same layer. The optional common source line COM and the timing control line CK are disposed in the same layer. In the embodiment, the manufacturing process of the microstrip line layer is that a substrate is provided, a metal layer is formed on the substrate, and a common source line COM and a timing control line CK in the same layer are formed by etching; forming an insulating layer; forming an active layer of a switching transistor T; and forming a metal layer, and etching to form a signal source line S, a microstrip line 111 and a driving signal line 112 in the same layer, wherein the signal source line S is used as a source electrode of the switch transistor T, and the driving signal line 112 is used as a drain electrode of the switch transistor T. It is understood that the above manufacturing steps are only a simple example, and the microstrip line layer further includes other multi-layer structures, which are not described in detail herein. In addition, the stacking of the film layers of the microstrip line layer is not limited to the above manufacturing steps, and a switch transistor can be selected as a top gate transistor, which is not described herein again.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an antenna, as shown in fig. 2, the antenna includes: the antenna substrate as described in any of the above embodiments; further comprising: a second substrate 200 arranged opposite to the first substrate 100, and a dielectric layer 300 between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200, the microstrip line layer being located on the side of the first substrate 100 facing the dielectric layer 300. The optional dielectric layer 300 is a liquid crystal layer, or the dielectric layer 300 is a photo-dielectric-changeable layer. The microstrip line layer includes a plurality of microstrip lines 111, and the shape of the microstrip line 111 may be various, such as a serpentine shape, a comb shape, and the like, but is not limited thereto. The antenna substrate may be a glass substrate, a PCB substrate, other high frequency substrate, or a multi-substrate structure.
If the optional dielectric layer 300 is an electrically controlled dielectric change layer, such as a liquid crystal layer, as shown in fig. 2, the antenna is a liquid crystal antenna structure. In other embodiments, the dielectric layer may be a photo-induced dielectric change layer, and the antenna is an optically controlled phased array antenna. As shown in fig. 2, the feeding power splitting network and the radiator are coplanar, and in other embodiments, the feeding power splitting network and the microstrip line may also be coplanar. In addition, the antenna signal feeding mode can be that the antenna signal enters through a radio frequency source access port, and can also enter a feed power distribution network through electrode receiving. Therefore, the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention is any antenna having a microstrip line, and details thereof are not repeated.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides an antenna structure which can further reduce the cost, and the liquid crystal antenna is taken as an example for explanation.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of an lcd antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The liquid crystal antenna comprises a bias voltage control circuit and a microstrip line structure, wherein the bias voltage control circuit and the microstrip line structure are separately manufactured on different substrates. The bias voltage control circuit is manufactured to be applied to an independent bias voltage control processor 1, and the radiation structure related to the microstrip line is manufactured on a liquid crystal antenna bias voltage substrate 2. The front-end bias voltage control processor 1 and the back-end liquid crystal antenna bias voltage substrate 2 are connected through the edge processing module 3.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of an edge processing module according to an embodiment of the present invention. The edge processing module 3 is divided into 3 parts: the input electrode area 3a, the output electrode area 3b and the logic circuit area 3c, the logic circuit of the logic circuit area 3c can be manufactured by adopting a panel TFT process, and the edge processing module 3 can be manufactured on a glass substrate or a flexible substrate. The input electrode area 3a is electrically connected with the front-end bias voltage control processor 1 and is used for receiving a driving signal provided by a signal source end; the output electrode area 3b is electrically connected to the rear-end liquid crystal antenna bias voltage substrate 2, and is configured to transmit a driving signal to the microstrip line through a logic circuit of the logic circuit area 3 c.
Fig. 14 is a schematic view of an lcd antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The liquid crystal antenna bias voltage substrate 2 is usually a custom structure, and is changed from the liquid crystal antenna bias voltage substrate a to the liquid crystal antenna bias voltage substrate b in many times. However, since different antenna configurations do not usually affect the connection between the edge processing module 3 and the bias voltage control processor 1, when the antenna configuration is changed, it is only necessary to change the connection configuration of the edge processing module 3 to the liquid crystal antenna bias voltage substrate 2, that is, from the connection configuration matching the liquid crystal antenna bias voltage substrate a to the connection configuration matching the liquid crystal antenna bias voltage substrate b. In this embodiment, the edge processing module 3 and the bias voltage control processor 1 are repeatedly used, and the liquid crystal antenna bias voltage substrate 2 is a replaceable structure, thereby greatly reducing the cost.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious modifications, rearrangements, combinations and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. An antenna substrate, comprising:
the microstrip line comprises a first substrate and a microstrip line layer positioned on the first substrate, wherein the microstrip line layer comprises a microstrip line area and a circuit area positioned at the periphery of the microstrip line area;
the microstrip line region comprises N microstrip lines;
the circuit area comprises k timing sequence control lines, m signal source lines and m transmission units, each transmission unit comprises x switching devices, control ends of the switching devices are electrically connected to the timing sequence control lines, input ends of the x switching devices are electrically connected to the same signal source line, output ends of the switching devices are electrically connected to the microstrip lines, N, k, m and x are positive integers, k x m is larger than or equal to N, k is larger than or equal to 2, m is larger than or equal to 2, and k is larger than or equal to x;
the x time sequence control lines provide effective time sequence control signals for x switching devices in the transmission unit in a time-sharing mode, the signal source line provides driving signals for the x switching devices in the transmission unit, and the switching devices are conducted when receiving the effective time sequence control signals, so that the driving signals are transmitted to the microstrip line.
2. The antenna substrate according to claim 1, wherein N-k-m, x-k, and wherein each of said transmission elements comprises k switching devices.
3. The antenna substrate according to claim 1, wherein k x m > N, m-1 of the transmission elements each comprise k switching devices, and the number of switching devices of 1 of the transmission elements is less than k.
4. The antenna substrate of claim 1, wherein the switching device comprises a switching transistor.
5. The antenna substrate according to claim 1, wherein the switching device includes a switching transistor and a resistance connected between an output of the switching transistor and the microstrip line.
6. The antenna substrate of claim 1, wherein the circuit region further comprises a common source line, the common source line providing a reference voltage signal;
the switching device includes a switching transistor and a first storage capacitor coupled between the common source line and an output terminal of the switching transistor.
7. The antenna substrate according to claim 1, wherein the switching device comprises a switching transistor and a second storage capacitor, a first plate of the second storage capacitor being electrically connected to an output terminal of the switching transistor;
the second plate of the second storage capacitor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor in the other switching device.
8. The antenna substrate according to claim 7, wherein the second plate of the second storage capacitor is electrically connected to a control terminal of a switching transistor in the upper-stage switching device;
in the transmission unit, after the conduction phase of the upper-level switching device is finished, the conduction phase of the lower-level switching device is started again.
9. The antenna substrate according to claim 1, wherein the switching device comprises a switching transistor and a latch module connected between an output of the switching transistor and the microstrip line.
10. The antenna substrate according to claim 6, wherein a drive signal line connecting the output terminal of the switching transistor and the microstrip line includes a first connection portion and a second connection portion;
a size of the first connection portion is larger than a size of the second connection portion in a radial direction of the driving signal line;
in a direction perpendicular to the first substrate, an orthogonal projection of the first connection portion is located within an orthogonal projection of the common source line, and the first storage capacitor is formed between the first connection portion and a common source line region overlapped with the first connection portion.
11. The antenna substrate according to claim 7, wherein the drive signal line connecting the output terminal of the switching transistor and the microstrip line includes a third connection portion and a second connection portion;
the size of the third connecting portion is larger than that of the second connecting portion in a radial direction of the driving signal line;
in a direction perpendicular to the first substrate, an orthogonal projection of the third connection portion is located within an orthogonal projection of the timing control line, and the second storage capacitor is formed between the third connection portion and a timing control line region overlapping with the third connection portion.
12. The antenna substrate according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the signal source line, the microstrip line, and the driving signal line are provided in the same layer.
13. The antenna substrate according to claim 10, wherein the common source line and the timing control line are disposed in the same layer.
14. The antenna substrate of claim 1, wherein the circuit region further comprises: the circuit board is fixed on the first substrate;
the circuit board provides a timing control signal to the timing control line and provides a driving signal to the signal source line.
15. An antenna, comprising: the antenna substrate of any one of claims 1-14;
further comprising: the microstrip line layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate, which faces the dielectric layer.
16. The antenna of claim 15, wherein the dielectric layer is a liquid crystal layer or a photodielectric modification layer.
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| CN202110169101.1A CN114914695A (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Antenna substrate and antenna |
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| CN202110169101.1A CN114914695A (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Antenna substrate and antenna |
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| CN109818150A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-05-28 | 信利半导体有限公司 | A kind of liquid crystal antenna and preparation method thereof |
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| JPWO2019187758A1 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-02-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | Array antenna |
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| JPH0278301A (en) * | 1988-09-13 | 1990-03-19 | Nec Corp | Antenna system |
| JPWO2019187758A1 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-02-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | Array antenna |
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