CN114914676B - Common-caliber gap waveguide antenna - Google Patents
Common-caliber gap waveguide antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114914676B CN114914676B CN202210471923.XA CN202210471923A CN114914676B CN 114914676 B CN114914676 B CN 114914676B CN 202210471923 A CN202210471923 A CN 202210471923A CN 114914676 B CN114914676 B CN 114914676B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
Abstract
The invention relates to a common-caliber gap waveguide antenna, which comprises an antenna bottom metal plate and a cavity top metal plate, wherein gap waveguide metal columns are arranged on the antenna bottom metal plate in a square ring arrangement mode to form a high-frequency resonance cavity; a high-frequency coaxial probe and a periodic slow wave structure are arranged in the high-frequency resonant cavity, and the periodic slow wave structure is arranged in a square ring in an array mode; and a slit array is arranged on the high-frequency resonant cavity. The invention has the advantages that: the two frequency bands can be flexibly adjusted according to needs, high-gain directional radiation is realized in the high-frequency band, and omnidirectional radiation is realized in the low-frequency band; the resonant frequency of the high-frequency resonant cavity is reduced through the periodic slow-wave structure, the distance of a resonant gap is reduced, and the gain bandwidth of the antenna is improved; by the gap waveguide technology, the metal processing difficulty and precision requirement are reduced, the cost is greatly reduced, and the millimeter wave frequency band is easily expanded; and the feeding of the two frequency bands only needs a coaxial probe without a complex feeding network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a common-caliber gap waveguide antenna.
Background
With the development of communication technology and the advance of 5G commercialization process, the Internet of things is widely applied to multiple fields, and the Internet of things micro base station needs to cover more frequency bands to meet higher data rate; with the development and progress of the technology, the higher frequency band is also used for the application of the internet of things and the like. It becomes a key issue how to design an antenna that covers both the commonly used low frequency band (e.g. 2.4 GHz) and the future, upcoming higher frequency band (e.g. above 13 GHz). At present, a common aperture (SharedAperture) technology is mainly adopted to realize the integration of two or more frequency bands with a large frequency ratio on one antenna. The common-caliber antenna is generally a directional beam with higher gain in a high frequency band, a low frequency band is generally an omnidirectional antenna, the radiation calibers of the antennas in the two frequency bands are the same, the whole structure is multiplexed, and high integration can be realized. How to reasonably realize the sharing of the radiation aperture of the antennas of the two frequency bands and the structural reuse is a technical problem in the field of common aperture antennas, in particular to a common aperture antenna of all metals.
At present, most common-caliber antennas are manufactured by a PCB (printed Circuit Board) process, and a common-caliber realization method is to use a high-frequency-band antenna or an array as a whole as a radiation structure of a low-frequency antenna, so that radiation caliber sharing and structure multiplexing are realized. Although the PCB antenna is mature in process and small in size, the power capacity is low, the dielectric loss is large, and the dielectric loss is not negligible particularly in a high-frequency band. At present, a common-caliber antenna with a large frequency ratio of all-metal is rarely available, and the main reason is that a high-frequency antenna with an all-metal structure is not filled with a medium, the structure of the antenna is large, and a side lobe is easily generated when an array is formed. In addition, the feed network of all metals is difficult to design and process, so that the common all-metal high-gain antenna at present is generally a waveguide slot array, the antenna does not need a complex feed network but needs higher processing precision to enable antenna structures to be tightly attached, especially the precision requirement in a high-frequency band is stricter, and the processing cost is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a common-caliber gap waveguide antenna and overcomes the defects of the common-caliber antenna at present.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a common-caliber gap waveguide antenna comprises an antenna bottom metal plate and a cavity top metal plate, wherein gap waveguide metal columns are arranged on the antenna bottom metal plate in a square ring arrangement mode to form a high-frequency resonance cavity; a high-frequency coaxial probe and a periodic slow wave structure are arranged in the high-frequency resonant cavity, and the periodic slow wave structure is arranged in a square ring in an array mode; and a slit array is arranged on the high-frequency resonant cavity.
The antenna bottom layer metal plate, the gap waveguide metal column and the periodic slow wave structure are obtained by milling a whole metal; the high-frequency coaxial probes are arranged in a periodic slow wave structure arranged in an array mode; the cavity top metal plate and the antenna bottom metal plate are positioned and supported by the positioning holes; the slit array is obtained by milling on a metal plate at the top layer of the cavity and is positioned right above the periodic slow wave structure.
The high-frequency coaxial probe is positioned at the right deviation of the right center w of the high-frequency resonant cavity o A distance h is arranged between the top metal plate and the cavity g The gap is equivalent to a capacitor, so that the impedance bandwidth of the high-frequency resonant cavity is widened; TE of high-frequency resonance cavity excited by high-frequency coaxial probe 330 Mode, while exciting the slot array to produce radiation.
The gap array comprises 9 gaps milled on a top metal plate of the cavity, the 9 gaps are divided into 3 rows from left to right, 1 gap is arranged at the upper, middle and lower positions of each row, the gaps at the upper and lower positions of each row are in the same vertical direction, the gaps at the middle positions of the 1 st row and the 3 rd row are positioned on the right sides of the other two gaps in the same row, and the gaps at the middle positions of the 2 nd row are positioned on the right sides of the other two gaps in the same rowLeft side; each slot having a width w s Length of l s The distance between the middle points of the adjacent gaps in the same row is l, and the width of each row is w; by reducing the distance between the gaps, the antenna side lobe is reduced, and the gain width is improved.
The cavity top layer metal plate and the antenna top layer metal plate extend and extend towards the periphery to form four half-mode cavities around the high-frequency resonant cavity, and the antenna bottom layer metal plate and the cavity top layer metal plate of the extending part are supported through the short circuit supporting columns.
The length of the top-layer metal plate of the cavity extending towards the periphery is smaller than the length of the bottom-layer metal plate of the antenna extending towards the periphery, the half-mold cavities are in a low-frequency band by adjusting the extending length of the top-layer metal plate of the cavity, a coaxial connector is arranged in one half-mold cavity, the half-mold cavity in the low-frequency band is excited by the coaxial connector, and then the other three half-mold cavities are excited simultaneously.
An antenna top layer metal plate is arranged above the high-frequency resonance cavity, an antenna top layer cavity is arranged between the high-frequency resonance cavity and the antenna top layer metal plate, and influence caused by scattering is reduced through the antenna top layer cavity; the antenna top layer cavity is obtained by milling an antenna top layer metal plate, and the size of the antenna top layer cavity is the same as that of the high-frequency resonance cavity.
The invention has the following advantages: a common-caliber gap waveguide antenna has an all-metal structure without dielectric loss and high radiation efficiency, two frequency bands can be flexibly adjusted according to requirements, high-gain directional radiation is realized in a high-frequency band, and omnidirectional radiation is realized in a low-frequency band; the resonant frequency of the high-frequency resonant cavity is reduced through the periodic slow wave structure, the distance of a resonant gap is reduced, and the gain bandwidth of the antenna is improved; by the gap waveguide technology, the metal processing difficulty and precision requirement are reduced, the cost is greatly reduced, and the millimeter wave frequency band is easily expanded; and the feeding of the two frequency bands only needs a coaxial probe without a complex feeding network.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the constitutional structure of embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the effect of loading or unloading a periodic slow wave structure on the resonant frequency of a cavity;
FIG. 5 shows the low-band electric field distribution (b) and radiation pattern (a) of the cavity of four mold halves of example 2;
in the figure: the antenna comprises a periodic slow wave structure 1, a slot array 2, a high-frequency coaxial probe 3, an antenna bottom metal plate 4, a gap waveguide metal column 5, a cavity top metal plate 6, a short-circuit supporting column 7, an antenna top cavity 8, a half-mold cavity 9, a coaxial node 10, a positioning hole 11, a high-frequency resonant cavity 12 and an antenna top metal plate 13.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided below in connection with the appended drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it comprises an antenna bottom metal plate 4 and a cavity top metal plate 6, which are spaced apart from each other by a distance h c =5.508mm, thickness t of cavity top metal plate 6 1 =1mm; gap waveguide metal posts 5 are arranged on the antenna bottom metal plate 4 in a square ring arrangement mode to form a high-frequency resonance cavity 12, and the height of each gap waveguide metal post 5 is h p =5mm, the high-frequency resonant cavity 12 is of a sizew c A square cavity of =53 mm; a diameter r is provided in the high-frequency resonance cavity 12 c High-frequency coaxial probes 3 and periodic slow-wave structures 1 with the thickness of 3.8mm, wherein the periodic slow-wave structures 1 are arranged in an array mode in a square ring, the arrangement interval p =3.92mm, the height h =1.824mm and the width w of the periodic slow-wave structures 1 are w =3.8mm p =2mm; the slot array 2 is provided on the high-frequency resonance cavity 12.
The loading of the periodic slow wave structure 1 in the cavity can be equivalent to the loading of a medium in the cavity, so that the resonant frequency of the cavity can be reduced. A common slow wave structure is a periodic metal pillar, which can be achieved inside the cavity by a milling process.
Furthermore, the antenna bottom metal plate 4, the gap waveguide metal column 5 and the periodic slow wave structure 1 are obtained by metal milling; the high-frequency coaxial probes 3 are arranged in the periodic slow wave structure 1 arranged in an array mode; the cavity top metal plate 6 and the antenna bottom metal plate 4 are positioned and supported by the positioning hole 11; the slot array 2 is obtained by milling on a metal plate 6 at the top layer of the cavity and is positioned right above the periodic slow-wave structure 1.
The gap waveguide metal column 5 is designed by the gap waveguide technology, so that the antenna bottom layer metal plate 4 and the cavity top layer metal plate 6 are not in complete contact, the requirement on metal processing progress is lowered, the processing cost is lowered, the traditional cavity needs to be in good contact, and the slot array 2 can be prevented from being excited by a complex power divider.
Further, the high-frequency coaxial probe 3 is positioned rightwards and deviates from the positive center w of the high-frequency resonant cavity 12 o The distance between the metal plate 6 and the top layer of the cavity is 1.1mm, and a height h is formed between the metal plate and the top layer of the cavity g A gap of =0.37mm, which is equivalent to a capacitor, thereby widening the impedance bandwidth of the high-frequency resonant cavity 12; TE of high-frequency resonant cavity 12 excited by high-frequency coaxial probe 3 330 The mode, while exciting the slot array 2 and generating radiation.
The slot array 2 comprises 9 slots milled on a metal plate 6 at the top layer of the cavity, the 9 slots are divided into 3 rows from left to right, 1 slot is arranged at the upper, middle and lower positions of each row, and the upper part of each rowThe gap at the lower position is in the same vertical direction, the gap at the middle position of the 1 st column and the 3 rd column is positioned at the right side of the other two gaps in the same column, and the gap at the middle position of the 2 nd column is positioned at the left side of the other two gaps in the same column; each slot having a width w s =1.73mm and length l s =11.2mm, the distance between the middle points of the slits adjacent to each column is l =12.68mm, and the width of each column is w =11.2; by reducing the distance between the gaps, the antenna side lobe is reduced, and the gain width is improved.
As shown in FIG. 4, the high frequency cavity 12 antenna is realized by a 3 × 3 all-metal back cavity slot array, using TE of square cavity 330 And the mode simultaneously excites 9 gaps to realize high-gain beams. The electric field distribution in FIG. 4 was obtained by eigenmode simulation in HFSS software, and FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are the case where the periodic structure is not loaded and the case where the periodic structure is loaded, respectively, and the resonance mode is TE in both cases 330 Eigenmode simulation TE in mode, but loaded with periodic structures 330 The mode resonant frequency is 15.07GHz, and the eigenmode simulation TE is realized when the periodic structure is not loaded 330 The mode resonant frequency is 17.137GHz, and the periodic structure can be seen to obviously reduce the resonant frequency of the cavity; the corresponding mode can be excited by coupling excitation at a proper position through the high-frequency coaxial probe 3 without a complex feed network.
As shown in fig. 5, four half-mode cavities (as shown in fig. 5 (b)) can be realized between the top metal plate 6 of the high-frequency resonant cavity 12 and the bottom metal plate 4 of the antenna, and the length of the expansion can be adjusted to enable the half-mode cavity 9 to resonate in a required low-frequency band, only one low-frequency half-mode cavity 9 needs to be excited by the coaxial connector 10, and due to strong coupling, the four half-mode cavities 9 can be excited at the same time, so that omnidirectional radiation is realized in the low-frequency band (fig. 5 (a)).
The length of the cavity top metal plate 6 extending towards the periphery is smaller than the length of the antenna bottom metal plate 4 extending towards the periphery, the half-mold cavity 9 is in a low frequency band by adjusting the extending length of the cavity top metal plate 6, a coaxial connector 10 is arranged in one half-mold cavity 9, the half-mold cavity 9 in the low frequency band is excited by the coaxial connector 10, and then the other three half-mold cavities 9 are excited simultaneously.
Further, since the cavity top metal plate 6 of the high-frequency resonant cavity 12 is expanded and extended, scattering is increased during high-frequency band radiation, and a high-frequency band radiation pattern is distorted and deteriorated, an antenna top metal plate 13 is further arranged above the high-frequency resonant cavity 12, an antenna top cavity 8 is arranged between the high-frequency resonant cavity 12 and the antenna top metal plate 13, influence caused by scattering is reduced through the antenna top cavity 8, and the high-frequency band radiation pattern is kept stable; the antenna top layer cavity 8 is obtained by milling an antenna top layer metal plate 13, and the size of the antenna top layer metal plate is the same as that of the high-frequency resonant cavity 12.
Distance l between short circuit support post 7 and antenna top layer cavity 8 corner in fig. 3 1 =26mm, the distance l between the four corners of the cavity top layer cavity 8 and the four corners of the cavity top layer cavity 8 after the cavity top layer metal plate 6 extends and extends towards the periphery 2 =38.5mm, the distance l between the coaxial connector 10 and the top metal plate 6 of the cavity after extending is expanded to the periphery f =16mm, the side length of the top cavity 8 of the antenna is w c3 =47.2mm, the spacing w between the four mold half cavities 9 gap =3mm, the side length w of the cavity top metal plate 6 after extending is expanded to the periphery l =106mm, the side length w of the antenna bottom metal plate 4 after extending towards the periphery g =156mm, cap diameter r of short-circuit support post 7 v2 =6mm, diameter r of the short-circuit support post 7 v1 =3mm, thickness t of 8 sides of top cavity of antenna 2 =1mm, height h of antenna top cavity 8 c1 ＝5mm。
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A common aperture gap waveguide antenna is characterized in that: the antenna comprises an antenna bottom layer metal plate (4) and a cavity top layer metal plate (6), wherein gap waveguide metal columns (5) are arranged on the antenna bottom layer metal plate (4) in a square ring arrangement mode to form a high-frequency resonance cavity (12); a high-frequency coaxial probe (3) and a periodic slow wave structure (1) are arranged in the high-frequency resonant cavity (12), and the periodic slow wave structure (1) is arranged in a square ring in an array mode; a slit array (2) is arranged on the high-frequency resonant cavity (12);
the antenna bottom layer metal plate (4) and the cavity top layer metal plate (6) extend outwards to the periphery and form four half-mode cavities (9) around the high-frequency resonant cavity (12), and the antenna bottom layer metal plate (4) and the cavity top layer metal plate (6) of the extending part are supported by a short-circuit supporting column (7);
the length of the cavity top layer metal plate (6) extending outwards is smaller than the length of the antenna bottom layer metal plate (4) extending outwards, the half-mold cavity (9) is in a low frequency band by adjusting the extending length of the cavity top layer metal plate (6), a coaxial connector (10) is arranged in one half-mold cavity (9), the half-mold cavity (9) in the low frequency band is excited by the coaxial connector (10), and then other three half-mold cavities (9) are excited simultaneously.
2. A co-aperture gap waveguide antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the antenna bottom layer metal plate (4), the gap waveguide metal column (5) and the periodic slow wave structure (1) are obtained by milling a whole metal; the high-frequency coaxial probes (3) are arranged in the periodic slow wave structure (1) arranged in an array mode; the cavity top metal plate (6) and the antenna bottom metal plate (4) are positioned and supported by positioning holes (11); the slit array (2) is obtained by milling on a metal plate (6) at the top layer of the cavity and is positioned right above the periodic slow-wave structure (1).
3. A common aperture gap waveguide antenna according to claim 2, wherein: the high-frequency coaxial probe (3) is positioned at the right center w deviated from the high-frequency resonant cavity (12) o The distance between the top metal plate (6) and the cavity is a height h g The gap (2) is equivalent to a capacitor, so that the impedance bandwidth of the high-frequency resonant cavity (12) is widened; the high-frequency coaxial probe (3) excites the TE of the high-frequency resonant cavity (12) 330 Mode, simultaneously exciting the slot array (2) to generate radiation.
4. A common aperture gap waveguide antenna according to claim 2, wherein: the gap array (2) comprises 9 gaps milled in a top metal plate (6) of the cavity, the 9 gaps are divided into 3 rows from left to right, the upper position, the middle position and the lower position of each row are respectively provided with 1 gap, the upper position and the lower position of each row are in the same vertical direction, the gap in the middle position of the 1 st row and the 3 rd row is positioned on the right side of the other two gaps in the same row, and the gap in the middle position of the 2 nd row is positioned on the left side of the other two gaps in the same row; each slot having a width w s Length of l s The distance between the middle points of the adjacent gaps in the same row is l, and the width of each row is w; by reducing the distance between the gaps, the antenna side lobe is reduced, and the gain width is improved.
5. A co-aperture gap waveguide antenna according to claim 1, wherein: an antenna top layer metal plate (13) is further arranged above the high-frequency resonance cavity (12), an antenna top layer cavity (8) is arranged between the high-frequency resonance cavity (12) and the antenna top layer metal plate (13), and influence caused by scattering is reduced through the antenna top layer cavity (8); the antenna top layer cavity (8) is obtained by milling an antenna top layer metal plate (13).
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| CN116014454B (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-10-27 | 电子科技大学 | Low sidelobe high XPD millimeter wave gap waveguide slot array antenna |
| CN116315664B (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-07-25 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Reconfigurable antenna |
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