CN114910430A - Method for detecting traffic pollution source based on trace gas horizontal distribution of hyper-spectral remote sensing - Google Patents
Method for detecting traffic pollution source based on trace gas horizontal distribution of hyper-spectral remote sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a traffic pollution source detecting method based on trace gas horizontal distribution of hyper-spectral remote sensing, which adopts hyper-spectral remote sensing instruments arranged at different positions to collect atmospheric scattering spectra of an unshielded light path according to a set azimuth angle and pitch angle sequence, and obtains effective optical path information by the proportional relation of oxygen dimers after inverting to obtain the total differential slope amount of trace gas and oxygen dimers, thereby horizontally segmenting the detection spectrum length to obtain the horizontal concentration distribution of the trace gas of different segments, thus, the horizontal concentration distribution of the atmospheric pollutants in the urban traffic road network area can be obtained, thereby achieving the long-term and stable horizontal distribution business observation of the atmospheric pollutants, the method has practical and reliable significance for the movement process, the conversion process and the pollutant generation traceability research of the atmospheric pollutants in the monitored area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical measurement, and particularly relates to a method for detecting a traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of trace gas by using hyperspectral remote sensing.
Background
With the rapid development of economy and the rapid advance of urbanization process, the atmospheric environment presents regional and composite pollution characteristics, the concentration of polluted gas on the ground is remarkably increased by artificial emission sources from traffic and biomass combustion, the air quality and the health of human beings are directly influenced, and due to different layouts of the construction process of cities in human life, each gas can generate larger differences at different horizontal positions, for example, more nitrogen dioxide is easily generated in the main trunk area of road traffic, and larger chemical gases are generated near chemical plants. Meanwhile, even near the strong discharge source, the horizontal distribution of the polluted gas in the boundary layer is usually uneven, and the tracing of the pollutants is of key significance in order to obtain the horizontal distribution of the polluted gas near the strong discharge source.
Conventional methods for detecting pollutants mainly include laser radar, chemical mass spectrometer and the like. Patent application publication No. CN106199632A discloses a method for monitoring vertical distribution of atmospheric particulates based on laser radar, which mainly can obtain the distribution of pollutant concentration in a vertical area at a higher position, but cannot obtain relevant information about the distribution of pollutants in a horizontal and near-ground area.
Patent document CN212873559U discloses a plant-derived food chemical pollutant detection device, which cannot observe the pollutant information in the area at one time, needs to acquire the pollutant level distribution information in the area where the sampling vehicle can travel by artificial movement in a short time, and is not suitable for monitoring the level distribution information of the atmospheric pollutants.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for detecting a traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of trace gases by hyperspectral remote sensing, which can quickly and accurately obtain the horizontal concentration distribution of atmospheric pollutants in an urban traffic road network by inversion, thereby providing support for traffic pollution source tracing.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting a traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of trace gases by hyperspectral remote sensing, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring an atmospheric scattering solar spectrum of a visible-ultraviolet spectrum band acquired by hyperspectral remote sensing, and simultaneously acquiring surface environment parameters including environmental temperature and pressure data;
step 2, obtaining the total amount of differential slope ranges of oxygen dimers and trace gas based on atmospheric scattering solar spectrum inversion;
and 3, calculating the effective optical path information of the atmospheric scattering solar spectrum in the oxygen dimer according to the total differential slope of the oxygen dimer.
Step 4, based on the optical characteristic information of the aerosol and the surface environment parameters, expanding the effective optical path information of the atmospheric scattering solar spectrum in the oxygen dimer to the trace gas through a radiation transmission equation to obtain the effective optical path information and the photon path of the trace gas;
step 5, converting the total differential slant range of the trace gas into the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas with different effective optical paths on the visible-ultraviolet spectrum waveband according to the effective optical path information and the photon path of the trace gas;
step 6, correcting the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas to obtain the corrected horizontal concentration information of the trace gas;
and 7, according to the horizontal concentration information and the effective optical path information of the trace gas, performing inversion to obtain the horizontal distribution of the trace gas in the observation direction.
In step 1 of one embodiment, hyperspectral remote sensing collects atmospheric scattering solar spectra at low elevation angles with observation elevation angles of horizontal and no more than 1 ° for a traffic pollution source region.
Step 2 in one embodiment comprises:
firstly, correcting the collected atmospheric scattering solar spectrum to deduct the influence of dark current and electron bias;
and then, taking the observation spectrum based on the zenith direction as a reference spectrum, and carrying out difference on the acquired atmospheric scattering solar spectrum and the reference spectrum and carrying out inversion in real time based on a least square method of characteristic absorption to obtain the total amount of differential slope of oxygen dimers and trace gases in different wave bands.
Step 3 in one embodiment comprises:
first, the oxygen concentration is determined in accordance with the relationship between the oxygen dimer and the square of the oxygen content
Inferring approximate concentrations of oxygen dimers
Wherein P represents atmospheric pressure, T represents atmospheric temperature, R is gas specific constant, N A Is an Avogastron constant, C air Indicating atmospheric concentration.
Then, based on the approximate concentration of oxygen dimers
Calculating effective optical path information acquired by spectra of different wave bands, wherein the related formula is as follows:
wherein L is eff Represents the effective optical path information of the gas in the oxygen dimer,
represents O 4 The total amount of differential slope of (a),
is O at the corresponding height 4 The approximate concentration value of (a).
Step 4 in one embodiment comprises:
firstly, a trace gas prior profile, aerosol optical characteristic information, temperature and pressure profile and geometric position information are used as input of a radiation transmission equation, and an optical path L under a target wavelength can be obtained by solving y And photon path AMF of trace gas trace_gas The trace gas prior profile is obtained by inverting the pre-standard wavelength, and the corresponding optical path is L x By establishing L x And L y The connection between the two is as follows:
and obtaining a through fitting 0 ，a 1 ，a 2 Three fitting coefficients;
fitting in a visible spectrum band to obtain a group of fitting coefficients, and fitting in an ultraviolet spectrum band to obtain another group of fitting coefficients;
then, obtaining each set of fitting coefficients a 0 ，a 1 ，a 2 After, based on O 4 Inverted effective optical path information under oxygen dimers
Selecting and efficient optical path information
Fitting coefficient corresponding to the located wave band and passing through the set of fitting coefficients
Obtained L y I.e. the effective optical path L of the trace gas in the corresponding wave band trace_gas 。
Step 5 in one embodiment comprises:
effective optical path information L based on trace gas trace_gas And photon path AMF of trace gas trace_gas And further obtaining the horizontal concentration information C of the trace gas trace_gas ：
Wherein, SCD trace_gas Total differential slope of trace gases, VCD trace_gas ＝SCD trace_gas /dAMF trace_gas Represents the total amount of trace gas levels;
wherein the photon path AMF of the trace gas trace_gas And solving the radiation transmission equation.
Step 6 in one embodiment comprises:
by considering the relative profile of the trace gas and O 4 The relative profile is different based on the correction factor f corr Correcting the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas:
wherein, c trace_gas Is the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas, and C corr Is the corrected horizontal concentration information of the trace gas, f corr The correction factor is obtained based on radiation transmission simulation of different profiles of assumed trace gas and aerosol, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein, c retrieved Is the average concentration of the trace gas inversion, c model Is a prior profile input to the radiation transport equationBottom layer concentration in the line, dSCD model The total amount of differential slope of trace gas obtained for the inversion of the radiation transport equation.
Step 7 in one embodiment comprises:
firstly, dividing effective optical path information of trace gas into n observation lengths, corresponding to n observation directions, respectively L according to the observation lengths from long to short 1 、L 2 、L 3 、···、L n The horizontal concentration information of the trace gas inverted corresponding to the n spectral bands is respectively C 1 、C 2 、C 3 、···、C n Whereby a segmented concentration result c of the trace gas is obtained based on the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas n The method specifically comprises the following steps:
then, after obtaining the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas in all the observation directions, the trace gas horizontal distribution in the observation directions can be obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
the method comprises the steps of collecting atmospheric scattering spectra of an unshielded light path by adopting hyper-spectrum remote sensing instruments arranged at different positions according to a set azimuth angle sequence and a set pitch angle sequence, carrying out inversion to obtain the total differential slant range of trace gas and oxygen dimer, obtaining effective optical path information according to the proportional relation of the oxygen dimer, horizontally segmenting the length of a detection spectrum to obtain the horizontal concentration distribution of the trace gas in different segments, thus obtaining the horizontal concentration distribution of the atmospheric pollutants in the urban intersection road network area, achieving long-term stable horizontal distribution business observation of the atmospheric pollutants, and having practical and reliable significance for monitoring the movement process, the conversion process and the pollutant generation traceability research of the atmospheric pollutants in the urban road network area.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting a traffic pollution source based on trace gas horizontal distribution of hyperspectral remote sensing provided by an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of inputting environmental parameters to obtain correction factors and photon paths via a radiation transport equation;
FIG. 3 is NO provided by the examples 2 A schematic of an observation scheme;
FIG. 4 is NO provided by example 2 Horizontal distribution result chart.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting a traffic pollution source based on trace gas horizontal distribution of hyperspectral remote sensing provided by the embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, in the method for detecting a traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of trace gases by hyperspectral remote sensing, horizontal atmospheric scattering solar spectrums are collected by hyperspectral remote sensing, and the horizontal concentration distribution of atmospheric pollutants in the urban traffic road network area is obtained by inversion based on different effective optical paths. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring an atmospheric scattering solar spectrum of a visible-ultraviolet spectrum band acquired by hyperspectral remote sensing, and simultaneously acquiring surface environment parameters including environmental temperature and pressure data.
In the embodiment, when the atmospheric scattered solar spectrum is collected, the hyperspectral remote sensing instrument is installed in an unobstructed area, space barriers in a lower area can be ignored, and the atmospheric scattered solar spectrum under the horizontal condition of kilometers away and the low elevation angle of not more than 1 degree can be observed in the daytime by receiving scattered light in a high-resolution waveband from ultraviolet light to visible light.
Specifically, the sampling spectral resolution of the selected hyperspectral remote sensing instrument is 0.45-0.6 nm, the spectral wavelength range is 300-650 nm, and the ultraviolet-visible band is included. Meanwhile, the hyperspectral remote sensing instrument can be rotatably adjusted in observation angle by being installed at a high position without shielding objects around, 360-degree panorama can be adjusted in observation azimuth angle range, the precision is 0.1 degrees, the observation pitch angle range is 0 degree (horizontal direction) -90 degrees (zenith direction), and the precision is 0.1 degrees. Normally, the effective optical path of the hyperspectral remote sensing instrument is mainly about 5km, and the near-ground concentration is generally considered to be below 100m, so that the calculation shows that when the observation elevation angle does not exceed 1 degree, the horizontal distribution of the near-ground (below 100 m) atmospheric pollutants can be observed, and therefore, in the embodiment, the atmospheric scattering solar spectrum is collected by selecting the elevation angle not exceeding 1 degree.
In the embodiment, an atmospheric temperature and pressure sensor is also arranged, and the external environment temperature and pressure data are recorded as the surface environment parameters while the atmospheric scattered solar spectrum is collected.
And 2, obtaining the total amount of differential slope of the inverted oxygen dimer and other trace gases based on atmospheric scattering solar spectrum inversion.
In the embodiment, before the collected atmospheric scattering solar spectrum participates in inversion, correction processing is required to be carried out to deduct the influence of dark current and electron bias, and the corrected atmospheric scattering solar spectrum participates in inversion.
During inversion, the observation spectrum based on the zenith direction is used as a reference spectrum, the difference is made between the collected atmospheric scattering solar spectrum and the reference spectrum, and based on a least square method of characteristic absorption, oxygen dimers (O) of different wave bands can be obtained through inversion in real time 4 ) And other trace gas differential ramp totals. Wherein the oxygen dimer has a plurality of significant absorption peaks between the spectrum collection bands respectively, thereby obtaining a plurality of oxygen dimers of the plurality of ultraviolet-visible light bands and differential slope total amount of other trace gases, and simultaneously, obtaining the difference slope total amount of the minimum trace gasThe root mean square and the relative error in the two-multiplication inversion process are screened to obtain a more accurate result.
And 3, calculating the effective optical path information of the atmospheric scattering solar spectrum in the oxygen dimer according to the total differential slope of the oxygen dimer.
Due to atmospheric oxygen dimer (O) 4 ) Proportional to the square of the oxygen content, proportional to the oxygen concentration
Inferring approximate concentrations of oxygen dimers
The specific formula is calculated as follows:
wherein, P represents atmospheric pressure, T represents atmospheric temperature, R is a gas specific constant, and is generally regarded as 287.058J/(kg.K) by default; n is a radical of A Is an Avogastron constant, and is generally 6.02 × 10 by default 23 mol -1 ，C air Indicating atmospheric concentration.
At the approximate concentration of oxygen dimer
Then, the effective optical path information collected by the spectra of different wave bands can be calculated according to the following formula, and the related formula is as follows:
wherein L is eff Represents the effective optical path information of the gas in the oxygen dimer,
represents O 4 The total amount of differential slope of (a),
is O at the corresponding height 4 The approximate concentration value of (a).
And 4, expanding the effective optical path information of the atmospheric scattering solar spectrum in the oxygen dimer to other trace gases through a radiation transmission equation based on the optical characteristic information of the aerosol and the surface environment parameters to obtain the effective optical path information of other trace gases.
In the embodiment, the scene type of the aerosol is selected based on the detection area, meanwhile, the surface environment parameters of the observation area are judged based on an imaging camera equipped for hyperspectral remote sensing, and therefore the effective optical path is popularized to other wavelength ranges through a radiation transmission equation and used for analyzing additional trace gas in other wave bands.
It is assumed here that the extinction profile of the aerosol has the following relationship below a certain height of the troposphere:
where E (z) is the aerosol extinction profile, z is the height, τ is the total optical thickness of the aerosol, H is the height of the atmospheric boundary layer, F is the fraction of τ in the boundary layer, ξ is the scale height of the free layer aerosol in the troposphere, and β is the normalized constant of the exponential factor, which can be calculated by the following equation:
where d represents the top layer of the extinction profile, which may be referred to by default as 15 km.
Parameters such as optical characteristic information of the aerosol and surface environment parameters are input into a radiation transmission equation, a plurality of zenith angles and relative azimuth angles are simulated, and effective optical paths of the trace gas can be obtained based on polynomial fitting.
Specifically, the trace gas prior profile, the aerosol optical characteristic information, the temperature pressure profile and the geometric position information are used as the input of a radiation transmission equation, and the optical length L under the target wavelength can be obtained by solving y And photon path AMF of trace gas trace_gas . The prior profile of the input required trace gas is obtained by inverting the pre-standard wavelength, and the corresponding optical path is L x By establishing L x And L y The connection between the two is as follows:
and obtaining a through fitting 0 ，a 1 ，a 2 Three fitting coefficients; fitting in a visible spectrum band to obtain a group of fitting coefficients, and fitting in an ultraviolet spectrum band to obtain another group of fitting coefficients;
then, obtaining each set of fitting coefficients a 0 ，a 1 ，a 2 After, based on O 4 Inverted effective optical path information under oxygen dimers
Selecting and efficient optical path information
Fitting coefficient corresponding to the located wave band and passing through the set of fitting coefficients
Obtaining the effective optical path L of the trace gas in the corresponding wave band trace_gas (i.e., L) y )。
When O is used, it is noted that 4 Inverted effective optical path information under oxygen dimers
Is obtained in the visible spectral band, so that the effective optical path L of the trace gas is calculated y Then, the set of fitting coefficients corresponding to the visible spectrum wave band is selected and set
Under known circumstances, using
Calculating to obtain the effective optical path L of the trace gas in the visible spectrum wave band y . When O is present 4 Inverted effective optical path information under oxygen dimers
Is obtained in the ultraviolet spectrum waveband, so that the effective optical path L of the trace gas is calculated y Then, another set of fitting coefficients corresponding to the ultraviolet spectrum band is selected and set in
Under known circumstances, using
Calculating to obtain the effective optical path L of the trace gas in the ultraviolet spectrum band y 。
And 5, converting the differential slope total amount of the trace gas into a horizontal total amount according to the effective optical path information and the photon path of the trace gas, and converting the horizontal total amount into the concentration information of the trace gas with different effective optical paths on the visible-ultraviolet spectrum waveband.
In an embodiment, the effective optical path information L based on the trace gas trace_gas And photon path AMF of trace gas trace_gas And further obtaining the horizontal concentration information C of the trace gas trace_gas ：
Wherein, SCD trace_gas Total differential slope of trace gases, VCD trace_gas ＝SCD trace_gas /dAMF trace_gas And represents the total amount of trace gas levels.
And 6, correcting the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas to obtain the corrected horizontal concentration information of the trace gas.
In the examples, the relative profile of the trace gas and O are taken into account 4 The relative profile is different based on the correction factor f corr Correcting the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas:
wherein, c trace_gas Is the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas, and C corr Is the corrected horizontal concentration information of the trace gas, f corr The correction factor is obtained based on radiation transmission simulation of different profiles of assumed trace gas and aerosol, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein, c retrieved Is the average concentration of the trace gas inversion, c model Is the bottom concentration, dSCD, in the prior profile input to the radiation transport equation model The total amount of differential slope of trace gas obtained for the inversion of the radiation transport equation.
And 7, according to the horizontal concentration information and the effective optical path information of the trace gas, performing inversion to obtain the horizontal distribution of the trace gas in the observation direction.
In the embodiment, under the condition that the atmospheric environment is not changed within a short time by default, effective optical path information of a plurality of wave bands acquired within a short time is combined with horizontal concentration information of trace gases of different spectral bands, and the horizontal concentration information is segmented based on different effective optical path lengths, so that a horizontal concentration distribution result in the observation direction is obtained. Suppose by inverting the results, based on O 4 Dividing effective optical path information of trace gas according to inversion results of different spectral wave bandsForming n observation lengths, L respectively according to the observation lengths from long to short 1 、L 2 、L 3 、···、L n . The horizontal concentration information of the trace gas inverted corresponding to the n spectral bands is respectively C 1 、C 2 、C 3 、···、C n . Thereby, a segmented concentration result c of the trace gas can be obtained based on the level concentration information of the trace gas n The method specifically comprises the following steps:
therefore, the horizontal distribution condition of the trace gas concentration in each observation direction with the resolution of several kilometers in the horizontal area can be obtained.
Examples of the experiments
In the step 1, when the atmospheric scattering solar spectrum of the visible-ultraviolet spectrum band is collected, the hyperspectral remote sensing instrument is installed on a high building with the longitude of 117.2469 degrees E and the latitude of 31.8632 degrees N, the position is the highest position within the range of several kilometers around, and no obvious shielding exists in horizontal observation. The ultra-spectrum remote sensing instrument can acquire horizontal solar scattering spectra by rotating the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of an external machine, specifically, the observation angle is adjusted by rotation, the range comprises the azimuth angle of 0-180 degrees, an interval is formed every 5 degrees, the precision is 0.1 degrees, the observation pitch angle range is 0 degree (horizontal) -90 degrees (zenith), the precision is 0.1 degrees, the horizontal and low elevation angle (not more than 1 degree) atmospheric scattering solar spectra which are not shielded and are arranged several kilometers away can be acquired by controlling the observation angle in the daytime, and meanwhile, the ultra-spectrum remote sensing instrument is provided with an atmospheric temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, and can record the external environment temperature and pressure data while acquiring the spectra. Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an observation scheme of NO2, the instrument of fig. 3 is arranged on a high building at the position shown in the figure, the eastern direction can be observed, the observation direction is set to be 60-120 degrees (north is 0 degree), and the conditions in a plurality of circular road network areas in the whole city can be observed. The azimuth angles are arranged at intervals of every 5 degrees, and the arrangement is used for observing the daily change of the trace gas concentration distribution condition of a ring line of the fertilizer market.
In the step 2, when the difference slope total amount of the inverted oxygen dimer and other trace gases is obtained based on atmospheric scattering solar spectrum inversion, the spectrum acquired at 10: 30-14: 30 at noon in 1 month and 11 days in 2022 is selected for inversion, and in a clear day, two positions of an ultraviolet band and a visible band are selected as O 4 The inversion peak of (1), wherein the visible light wave band mainly refers to an absorption peak of 470-490 nm, the ultraviolet light wave band mainly refers to an absorption peak of 355-365 nm, and O under two wave bands can be obtained based on deduction of dark current and electron bias influence 4 Information on the concentration of the batter and, at the same time, based on screening, the RMS (root mean square error) is deleted>0.005 and r-err (relative error)<0.3 results.
In step 3, when effective optical path information of the atmospheric scattering solar spectrum in the oxygen dimer is calculated according to the total differential slope amount of the oxygen dimer, hyperspectral remote sensing can record local atmospheric temperature and pressure through a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor while collecting the spectrum, 2022.01.11 local 10: 30-14: the atmospheric temperature and pressure during the 30 time period were 278.1385K (Kelvin) and 101250P (Pascal), respectively, and the near-surface O could be approximately calculated 4 The concentration is 3.0351X 10 37 colecules 2 cm -6 . Through the proportional relation, effective optical paths collected at a plurality of observed azimuth angles and two wave band spectrums can be obtained, and therefore concentration results of the trace gas at different wave bands can be calculated.
In the step 4, based on the optical characteristic information of the aerosol and the surface environment parameters, in the process of expanding the effective optical path information of the atmospheric scattering solar spectrum in the oxygen dimer to other trace gases through a radiation transmission equation to obtain the effective optical path information of other trace gas wave bands, through the radiation transmission equation of the aerosol scene, all azimuth angles in three zenith angles (20 degrees, 40 degrees and 50 degrees) and observation ranges of 0-90 degrees are selected to be simulated, and based on O with the wavelengths of 360nm and 470nm 4 Polynomial fitting is performed on the wavelengths of 310nm and 450nm, and then, based on the wavelengths, polynomial fitting can be performed on the visible light wave band, so that the inverted trace gas (NO) can be obtained 2 ) Effective optical path information in the ultraviolet and visible bands and photons from trace gasesPath AMF trace_gas 。
Specifically, the optical length L under the target wavelength can be obtained by solving by taking the trace gas prior profile, the temperature pressure profile and the geometric position information as the input of a radiation transmission equation 310 And L 450 . While the prior profile of the input desired trace gas is determined by measuring the trace gas at 360nm (O) 4 Strongest absorption peak of ultraviolet part) and 470nm (O) 4 The strongest absorption peak of visible light part) is obtained by inversion, and the optical path corresponding to the instrument is L 360 And L 470 And NO 2 The absorption peaks of the optical fiber are mainly positioned at 354nm and 440nm, and the optical path corresponding to the optical fiber is L 354 And L 440 Since the previous calculation obtained is O 4 Effective optical path length at absorption peak wavelength (360nm and 470nm) is to be extended to the wavelength corresponding to the absorption peak of trace gas (such as NO) 2 354nm and 440nm), it is necessary to establish O 4 Effective optical path at absorption peak wavelength and NO 2 And other trace gases, where machine learning through large amounts of data can be used to establish the ultraviolet portion O using a fitting function 4 Optical path L 360 And NO 2 Optical path L 354 The same fitting function is used to establish the visible light part L 470 And L 440 The connection of the two is obtained by fitting 0 ，a 1 ，a 2 Three fitting coefficients.
Specifically, the following formula:
thereby obtaining an effective optical path L of the trace gas trace_gas 。
And 5-6, normally calculating based on the mode to obtain the corrected information of the horizontal concentration of the trace gas, wherein the corrected information of the horizontal concentration of the trace gas participates in the calculation of the step 7.
In step 7, under the condition that the atmosphere environment is not changed in a short time, combining the effective optical path information of multiple wave bands acquired in a short time with the trace gas concentration results of different spectral bands, and segmenting the concentration information based on different effective optical path lengths, thereby obtaining the horizontal concentration distribution result in the observation direction. Suppose by inverting the results, based on O 4 And the effective optical path is divided into 2 observation lengths according to the inversion results of different spectral wave bands. The results of the whole concentration section of the trace gas inverted corresponding to 2 spectral wave bands are respectively C 1 And C 2 . Thereby obtaining the trace gas (NO) based on the trace gas concentration section result 2 ) The results of the fractional concentrations are shown in detail in FIG. 4.
In summary, according to the method for detecting a traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of the trace gas based on the hyperspectral remote sensing, the hyperspectral remote sensing equipment is fixed in an unobstructed area, the elevation angle can be fixed to be the horizontal direction or the low elevation angle (not more than 1 °) direction in the daytime, horizontal position atmospheric scattering solar spectrum signals in different directions are collected by moving the azimuth angle, an effective optical path is obtained based on the inversion of oxygen dimers, and the horizontal distribution condition of the trace gas with the resolution of several kilometers is obtained by extending the effective optical path to other trace gas wavelengths.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, additions, equivalents, etc. made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for detecting traffic pollution sources based on trace gas horizontal distribution of hyperspectral remote sensing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring an atmospheric scattering solar spectrum of a visible-ultraviolet spectrum band acquired by hyperspectral remote sensing, and simultaneously acquiring surface environment parameters including environmental temperature and pressure data;
step 2, obtaining the total amount of differential slope ranges of oxygen dimers and trace gas based on atmospheric scattering solar spectrum inversion;
and 3, calculating the effective optical path information of the atmospheric scattering solar spectrum in the oxygen dimer according to the total differential slope of the oxygen dimer.
Step 4, based on the optical characteristic information of the aerosol and the surface environment parameters, expanding the effective optical path information of the atmospheric scattering solar spectrum in the oxygen dimer to the trace gas through a radiation transmission equation to obtain the effective optical path information and the photon path of the trace gas;
step 5, converting the total differential slant range of the trace gas into the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas with different effective optical paths on the visible-ultraviolet spectrum waveband according to the effective optical path information and the photon path of the trace gas;
step 6, correcting the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas to obtain the corrected horizontal concentration information of the trace gas;
and 7, according to the horizontal concentration information and the effective optical path information of the trace gas, performing inversion to obtain the horizontal distribution of the trace gas in the observation direction.
2. The method for detecting the traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of the trace gas through hyperspectral remote sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1, the hyperspectral remote sensing collects and observes atmospheric scattering solar spectrum at an elevation angle of horizontal elevation and a low elevation angle of not more than 1 degree for the traffic pollution source region.
3. The method for detecting the traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of the trace gas by hyperspectral remote sensing according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 comprises the following steps:
firstly, correcting the collected atmospheric scattering solar spectrum to deduct the influence of dark current and electron bias;
and then, taking the observation spectrum based on the zenith direction as a reference spectrum, and carrying out difference on the acquired atmospheric scattering solar spectrum and the reference spectrum and carrying out inversion in real time based on a least square method of characteristic absorption to obtain the total amount of differential slope of oxygen dimers and trace gases in different wave bands.
4. The method for detecting the traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of the trace gas by hyperspectral remote sensing according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 comprises the following steps:
first, the oxygen concentration is determined in accordance with the relationship between the oxygen dimer and the square of the oxygen content
Inferring approximate concentrations of oxygen dimers
Wherein P represents atmospheric pressure, T represents atmospheric temperature, R is a gas specific constant, N A Is an Avogastron constant, C air Indicating atmospheric concentration.
Then, based on the approximate concentration of oxygen dimer
Calculating effective optical path information acquired by spectra of different wave bands, wherein the related formula is as follows:
wherein L is eff Represents the effective optical path information of the gas in the oxygen dimer,
represents O 4 The total amount of differential slope of (a),
is O at the corresponding height 4 The approximate concentration value of (a).
5. The method for detecting the traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of the trace gas by hyperspectral remote sensing according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 comprises the following steps:
firstly, a trace gas prior profile, aerosol optical characteristic information, temperature and pressure profile and geometric position information are used as input of a radiation transmission equation, and an optical path L under a target wavelength can be obtained by solving y Photon path AMF with trace gas trace_gas The trace gas prior profile is obtained by inverting the pre-standard wavelength, and the corresponding optical path is L x By establishing L x And L y The connection between the two is as follows:
and obtaining a through fitting 0 ，a 1 ，a 2 Three fitting coefficients;
fitting in a visible spectrum band to obtain a group of fitting coefficients, and fitting in an ultraviolet spectrum band to obtain another group of fitting coefficients;
then, obtaining each set of fitting coefficients a 0 ，a 1 ，a 2 After, based on O 4 Inverted effective optical path information under oxygen dimers
Selecting and efficient optical path information
Fitting coefficient corresponding to the located wave band and passing through the set of fitting coefficients
Obtained L y I.e. the effective optical path L of the trace gas in the corresponding wave band trace_gas 。
6. The method for detecting the traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of the trace gas by hyperspectral remote sensing according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 comprises the following steps:
effective optical path information L based on trace gas trace_gas And photon path AMF of trace gas trace_gas And further obtaining the horizontal concentration information C of the trace gas trace_gas ：
Wherein, SCD trace_gas Total differential slope of trace gases, VCD trace_gas ＝SCD trace_gas /dAMF trace_gas Represents the total amount of trace gas levels;
wherein the photon path AMF of the trace gas trace_gas And solving the radiation transmission equation.
7. The method for detecting the traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of the trace gas by hyperspectral remote sensing according to claim 1, wherein the step 6 comprises the following steps:
by considering the relative profile of the trace gas and O 4 The relative profile is different based on the correction factor f corr Correcting the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas:
wherein, c trace_gas Is the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas, and C corr Is the corrected horizontal concentration information of the trace gas, f corr Based on different profiles of assumed trace gases and aerosols for correction factorsThe radiation transmission is obtained by simulation, and the concrete formula is as follows:
wherein, c retrieved Is the average concentration of the trace gas inversion, c model Is the bottom layer concentration, dSCD, in the prior profile input into the radiation transport equation model The total amount of differential ramp of the trace gas obtained for the inversion of the radiation transport equation.
8. The method for detecting the traffic pollution source based on the horizontal distribution of the trace gas by hyperspectral remote sensing according to claim 1, wherein the step 7 comprises the following steps:
firstly, dividing effective optical path information of trace gas into n observation lengths, corresponding to n observation directions, respectively L according to the observation lengths from long to short 1 、L 2 、L 3 、···、L n The horizontal concentration information of the trace gas inverted corresponding to the n spectral bands is respectively C 1 、C 2 、C 3 、···、C n Whereby a segmented concentration result c of the trace gas is obtained based on the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas n The method specifically comprises the following steps:
then, after the horizontal concentration information of the trace gas in all the observation directions is obtained, the horizontal distribution of the trace gas in the observation directions can be obtained, and therefore the traffic pollution condition in the urban traffic road network area is traced.
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