CN114908202B - Method for calculating size of active area of integral hearth by utilizing hearth sampling means - Google Patents
Method for calculating size of active area of integral hearth by utilizing hearth sampling means Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for calculating the size of an active area of an integral hearth by utilizing a hearth sampling means, which is a method for calculating and analyzing the physical properties of materials in a furnace by utilizing the hearth sampling means to obtain partial parameters of the materials and analyzing the size of the active area of the integral hearth by combining blast furnace operation data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of iron making in the iron and steel industry, in particular to a method for calculating the size of an active area of an integral hearth by utilizing a hearth sampling means.
Background
As for the mainstream production process of pig iron processing and manufacturing, the blast furnace ironmaking position still occupies the dominant position, namely more than 90 percent of finished molten iron required by steel making, casting and the like at present is still supplied by blast furnace production, and as the blast furnace ironmaking production process has the advantages of wide raw fuel source, high heat utilization efficiency, low production cost and the like, along with the continuous improvement of material equipment technology, the smelting economy is further enhanced, so that the blast furnace ironmaking position is not more motionless and can still be replaced by other processes such as non-blast furnace ironmaking and the like for a long time. The key point of high efficiency and low consumption in the blast furnace operation process is mainly the production efficiency of the blast furnace, along with the large-scale furnace volume, automatic control and continuous progress of equipment means, the smelting efficiency of the blast furnace is greatly improved compared with the past, the utilization coefficient and the fuel consumption quantity of the blast furnace are greatly improved compared with the past, and the economy of blast furnace smelting is further improved compared with the past. The key point in blast furnace production can be precisely summarized in the eight characters of stability, smooth running, low consumption and high efficiency, if a good smelting effect is to be realized, the active state of a lower hearth is fundamental, and the form of an integral active area is also a key point, namely, the blast furnace needs to obtain a good production index and needs to obtain a lower active area form which is suitable as much as possible under the condition of maintaining good running conditions of all parties, so that a good smelting effect is realized. Under the modern smelting process, the rotary area at the lower part of the furnace body is an area formed by initial coal gas, and the existing form of the rotary area can reasonably distribute the coal gas flow in the furnace, thereby playing a decisive role in the smelting process. In the production process of the blast furnace, along with the blowing of hot air with pressure, a spindle-shaped combustion space is formed at the front end of each tuyere, and then an integral active area is formed in a hearth area, so that pulverized coal and coke fed into the blast furnace are combusted inside, and reducing gas and necessary heat required by chemical reaction are generated; at the same time, the presence of coke, etc., which burns at its edges, also brings the necessary space for the charge to descend, so that it can be used to complete the smelting of pig iron. It can therefore be said that the form of the raceway (note: length, width, height and volume, etc.), or the size of the overall active zone in the lower part of the shaft, is decisive for how the activity in the blast furnace behaves and the smelting process.
The blast furnace is used as a closed high-temperature high-pressure black box operation body, the solid, liquid and gas phases in the blast furnace coexist, and in addition, the complex physical and chemical reaction process is also accompanied, so that the environment in the blast furnace is not more complex than the complex environment, and the understanding of the blast furnace is also very difficult. The modern blast furnace is planed and sampled and the like, and research results show that: the formation of the convolution area, or the size of the whole active area at the lower part of the furnace cylinder, is influenced by a plurality of factors, wherein external factors are related to the air volume, the hot air pressure, the oxygen enrichment, the quantity of injected coal powder and the like, while internal factors are related to the properties of materials in the furnace cylinder, such as the coke granularity of the convolution area, the retained quantity of iron slag and the like, and in short, the influence factors are numerous. Therefore, under the influence of such a large number of complex factors, it is difficult to obtain information on the entire active zone of the lower portion of the hearth in different blast furnaces and different operating states. However, it should be noted here that, with the progress of materials and engineering machinery, the sampling technique in the furnace of modern large-scale blast furnaces is a method of obtaining materials in the furnace by using a tuyere sampler in cooperation with a special sampling tube and by inserting the sampling tube into the furnace after different blast furnaces stop blowing down, and is one of more mature techniques. And the data such as coke granularity, slag iron retention ratio, convolution zone length and the like can be obtained after necessary detection and analysis are carried out on the taken materials in the furnace, so that the material state in the convolution zone can be accurately known. Since the convolution structure is complex and related to many parameters, it is necessary to find a suitable method for analyzing the convolution shape, such as length, width, height, volume, and size of the lower active region. The method is feasible at present, and is characterized in that material information in the blast furnace is acquired by using a tuyere sampling technology, and a necessary mathematical relation between a convolution area and operation parameters of the blast furnace at this stage is established in combination with the operation parameters, so that the form information of the convolution area is acquired. In view of the published information, many analyses have been conducted on the tuyere raceway and certain results have been obtained, but it should be noted that most of the analyses and studies are conducted on the tuyere raceway length, the internal combustion form, the temperature field, and the like. The research method for the technology adopts the following research means: the method is characterized in that the existing theory is adopted, a computer mathematical modeling method is utilized, the data which can be collected are utilized, the existing related theories such as thermodynamics are combined, theoretical calculation is carried out, and therefore key parameters such as a temperature field in the cyclotron region are analyzed; the method adopts a laboratory simulation method, obtains partial parameters through the experiment of laboratory equipment, and expresses the existence state of the convolution region; and similar technologies such as modes of manually determining the length of a turning zone, the activity degree and the like are adopted by matching part of simple actual measurement data with the traditional experience according to the production surface condition of the blast furnace. However, it should be noted that although the above existing techniques have a certain reference value and also have a certain application in practice, these techniques either lack accurate calculation parameters and have large errors of analysis results; or it is of no reference value for the convolution analysis, and the core parameters of the critical composition of the tuyere convolution, such as width, height and volume, are still less mentioned, while the size of the overall active region is more rarely mentioned, while the accuracy of these analyses is still questionable, but more for the length. Therefore, it is further desired to find a reliable and practical method for accurately understanding the frame structure of the tuyere raceway in the furnace so as to provide a technical reference for improving the operation status of the blast furnace.
As a black box operation body, under the condition that the internal conditions are not comparatively complicated, the operation state of the blast furnace is clearly mastered, so that necessary technical reference is provided for reasonable operation, and besides the research on the form of a tuyere raceway, the analysis on the size of the whole active region at the lower part of the hearth is carried out on the basis. In the invention, the method of actual measurement and theoretical analysis is used for judging the length of the convolution region by finding out the convolution point (the change positions of coke granularity, coke porosity and the like) of coke at the position of a furnace cylinder, and the method has strong practical significance and is relatively accurate, can be applied to a plurality of metallurgical enterprises, and the result can also be used as a basis for judging the length of the convolution region, but the method can only be used for judging the length of the convolution region, but cannot be used for describing the length of the blast furnace, and particularly cannot be used for comprehensively evaluating the integral operation width of the furnace cylinder, and the like. Furthermore, the method of numerical modeling by using a computer is used to obtain the internal form of the convolution region through a theoretical calculation method (see Chinese patent document 'construction method of three-dimensional temperature field of blast furnace tuyere convolution region based on image data' patent publication No. CN113343440A; A method for calculating and monitoring boundary of rotary area of blast furnace tuyere features that a soft temp measuring and modeling method for rotary area of blast furnace is disclosed, which features that a three-dimensional temp field model of rotary area of tuyere is created by image data, the image information in rotary area of tuyere is obtained, the depth calculating model of rotary area is created according to the principle of forming tuyere, and the boundary model of rotary area of tuyere is created by the depth model of tuyere, so judging the shape of rotary area, which is a novel method, a large-scale data calculation method, and a reasonable and reasonable model for the depth analysis of rotary area, which are not developed, are used, from the present stage, the practicability is not strong, and the practical significance of guiding the operation of the blast furnace is far from being achieved. Still another method is a method for analyzing the material in the hearth by using some auxiliary means to further obtain the information of the turnabout zone (see the Chinese patent document "an analysis method for the composition of the tuyere Jiao Lidu and the slag retention of the blast furnace" patent publication No. CN107860680B "," a method for evaluating the degree of deterioration of the coke in the blast furnace "patent publication No. CN 108676944B", "an automatic screening device for sampling the tuyere" patent publication No. CN205761751U, etc.), which is a method for analyzing the material in the turnabout zone by using the furnace sampling technique, aiming at the material taken in the furnace, to obtain the information of the particle size distribution of the tuyere coke and the slag retention, etc., and can further adjust the raw material distribution scheme such as the coke-making and ore, etc. according to the analysis result, thereby realizing the stable forward movement of the blast furnace, but it is necessary to explain that the method has little relationship with the form of the turnabout the zone form, and only provide the necessary data for analyzing the material and physical and chemical and physical and chemical data of the operation of the material in the furnace. In addition, other technologies (see Chinese patent document 'a method for judging the working state of a hearth': CN109487023A ',' a method for quantifying and characterizing the activity of a blast furnace hearth ': CN 110343795A', 'a method for monitoring the activity of the blast furnace hearth': CN106834572A, 'a method for quantitatively evaluating the activity index of the blast furnace hearth': CN112111617A, etc.) exist, the invention and creation adopt calculation and other means, and provide more judgment bases for realizing the multi-angle and all-aspect monitoring of the activity state of the hearth by integrating a new furnace temperature forecasting model, a physical thermal index model, a theoretical combustion temperature calculation optimization model, a hearth working iron discharge index model, a copper cooling wall thermal surface condition calculation model, a Rist operating line calculation model, and the like, thereby reflecting the active degree and the state of a hearth region and providing important guidance for improving the lower part of a blast furnace and the basic judgment technology. However, although it can be said that such a technique is related to the lower cyclone of the furnace body, there is still no specific analysis method for the cyclone, and there is no discussion about the relationship between the size of the cyclone and the operation of the blast furnace. In addition, the method is a literature document which can be consulted at home and abroad (see Shandong metallurgy ' mathematical model research on blast furnace cyclone region ' 2004, volume 26, phase 3, 49-50; material and metallurgy bulletin ' physical simulation of blast furnace cyclone region ' 2008, volume 7, phase 1, phase 7-9; gansu metallurgy ' research on calculation model of blast furnace tuyere cyclone region ' dimension ' 2009, volume 31, phase 4, 5-7; shanghai Metal ' three-dimensional numerical simulation of blast furnace tuyere cyclone region shape and dimension ' 2013, volume 35, phase 1, phase 59-61; qingdao university ' numerical simulation of blast furnace cyclone region mathematical model and CFX ' 2006, volume 21, phase 4, 49-51 and the like), in which, a calculation mode of a cyclone region is recorded, a mathematical model is established on the basis of analyzing cyclone region depth, cyclone effect and CFX influence factors, and a theoretical calculation mode of a cyclone region is only provided for a theoretical calculation mode, a theoretical calculation mode is only provided for a real calculation mode, and a theoretical calculation mode is a comprehensive prediction method of a theoretical calculation mode of a heat transfer area. In summary, the existing technologies are not capable of analyzing and judging the active areas of the hearth, especially the sizes of the active areas of the blast furnace with different effective furnace volumes, so that necessary technical references are provided for reasonable operation and operation of the blast furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the size of an active area of an integral hearth by utilizing a hearth sampling means, which is a method for calculating and analyzing the physical properties of materials in a furnace by utilizing the hearth sampling means to obtain partial parameters of the materials and analyzing the size of the active area of the integral hearth by combining blast furnace operation data.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for calculating the size of the active area of the whole hearth by utilizing a hearth sampling means comprises the following steps:
1) Aiming at blast furnaces with different effective furnace capacities, inserting a sampling tube into the blast furnaces from a tuyere during the damping-down time of the blast furnaces, feeding the sampling tube into the central position of a dead charge column of a hearth from a convolution region, sampling at different radial depth positions from the convolution region to the central position of the dead charge column of the hearth, taking out the samples, cooling, and numbering according to the sampling positions; the sampling tube adopts water cooling heat exchange;
2) According to the method, coke and iron slag samples in different samples are sorted out by utilizing the magnetic attraction principle aiming at the materials at different sampling positions in the furnace, and the mass weighing and the recording are respectively carried out, so that the detention quantity of the coke and the iron slag at different sampling positions in the furnace is distinguished;
3) Screening the granularity of the sorted coke samples at different positions, weighing and recording the granularity and the quality of the coke at different sampling positions, and counting the average granularity of the coke at the position;
4) Aiming at the obtained screening results of the average particle size of the coke at different positions, drawing a trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke from the side of a furnace wall to the radial depth of a furnace core part by taking an abscissa as a sampling position and an ordinate as a coordinate axis, and taking the maximum slope of the trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke in the furnace as a boundary basis for judging a convolution area and a dead charge column, thereby distinguishing an air outlet convolution area and a dead charge column area, and recording the convolution area length and the dead charge column length under the radius of a furnace cylinder;
5) Counting the retention quantity of coke and iron slag in the convolution area and the dead material column area, and respectively calculating the retention proportion of coke and iron slag in the convolution area and the dead material column;
6) Counting coke particle levels at different sampling positions in a convolution area and a dead material column area, and calculating average particle levels of the coke in the convolution area and the dead material column by using a mathematical weighting mode;
7) Counting the operation parameters of the average tuyere diameter, the hot air flow, the hot air pressure, the oxygen enrichment rate and the injection coal ratio in the blast furnace production process within one month before sampling work;
8) And obtaining the size of the active area of the whole hearth by adopting the following calculation formula:
the symbols in the formula:
s is the size of the active zone of the whole hearth, m 3 (ii) a n is the number of the tuyeres at the hearth; l is the length of the tuyere raceway, m; k 1 The average particle size fraction of coke in the convolution area is mm; p 1 The retention ratio of the slag iron in the convolution area is percent; k 2 The average particle size fraction of coke in the dead material column is mm; p 2 The retention proportion of slag iron in the dead material column is percent; d is the diameter of the tuyere and mm; HW is the flow of hot air blown in, m 3 Min; WP is the pressure of hot blast, kPa; OER is oxygen enrichment rate of blown hot air,%; PCI is the ton iron injection coal ratio, kg/t.
Q 1 Is a constant number of -1 ；M 1 Is constant and takes a value of 0.107,m 2 ；N 1 Is constant and takes the value of 0.054,m 2 。
Epsilon is a dimensional correction coefficient and takes the value of0.47，mm -1 (ii) a Phi is dimension correction coefficient, and its value is 0.45 mm -1 ；
The value of the dimensional correction coefficient is 0.31,
gamma is dimension correction coefficient, and the value is 0.21, t/kg.
The blast furnace with different effective furnace volumes has the furnace volume control range of 1200m 3 ～6000m 3 。
The damping down time of the blast furnace is not less than 10h.
The method for numbering the sampling positions in the step 1) comprises the following steps: the materials taken out of the sampling tube are numbered every 20 cm-50 cm from the front end of the sampling tube and are used for distinguishing the depth position of the sample in the radial sampling direction.
In the step 2), the sample is placed on a platform without magnetic substances and is spread, the spreading thickness of the sample is not more than 20mm, and the sample is sorted by using a magnet.
And 3) adopting the combined sieves with different grain sizes to sequentially sieve the sorted coke samples in the furnace, wherein the sizes of meshes of the combined sieves with different grain sizes are respectively 30mm, 25mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 6.5mm, 5mm and 3mm.
In the step 4), the length of the convolution area adopted by calculation is not less than 1.0m.
And (3) calculating the average particle size of the coke in the convolution area and the dead material column in the step 6), wherein the control range of the average particle size of the coke in the convolution area is not less than 10mm, and the control range of the average particle size of the coke in the dead material column is not less than 3mm.
In the above step 8), the constant Q 1 Aiming at blast furnaces with different effective furnace volumes, the effective furnace volume is 1200m 3 ～2000m 3 Blast furnace, constant Q 1 A value of 0.78; effective furnace volume 2000m 3 ～3000m 3 Blast furnace, constant Q 1 The value is 0.84; effective furnace volume 3000m 3 ～4000m 3 A blast furnace,constant Q 1 The value is 0.87; effective furnace volume 4000m 3 ～5000m 3 Blast furnace, constant Q 1 The value is 0.89; effective furnace volume 5000m 3 ～6000m 3 Blast furnace, constant Q 1 The value is 0.90.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, after the blast furnace is shut down, a tuyere sampling technology is adopted to obtain partial parameters of materials in the hearth, and the size of an active area of the whole hearth is analyzed by combining blast furnace operation data.
The invention utilizes the hearth sampling means to calculate and analyze the physical properties of the materials in the furnace so as to obtain partial parameters of the materials, and combines the blast furnace operation data to analyze the size of the active area of the whole hearth.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in more detail by way of examples, which are merely illustrative of the best mode of carrying out the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
A method for analyzing the size of an active area of an integral hearth by utilizing a hearth sampling means comprises the following steps:
the method is the most mature method for directly knowing the performance states of coke and iron slag in the blast furnace today, and can accurately judge the blast furnace by analyzing the size of the active area of the whole hearth of the tuyere and combining the technical and economic indexes of the blast furnace on the condition and the smelting system of the blast furnace, thereby guiding the adjustment of the coke load and the smelting system of the blast furnace.
A method for analyzing the size of an active area of an integral hearth by utilizing a hearth sampling means counts the operation parameters of the average tuyere diameter, the hot air flow, the hot air pressure, the oxygen enrichment rate and the injection coal ratio of a blast furnace in one month before sampling work. The method for analyzing the size of the active area of the whole hearth by utilizing a hearth sampling means adopts the following calculation formula to obtain the size of the active area of the whole hearth:
8) And obtaining the size of the active area of the whole hearth by adopting the following calculation formula:
the symbols in the formula:
s is the size of the active zone of the whole hearth, m 3 (ii) a n is the number of the tuyeres at the hearth; l is the length of the tuyere raceway, m; k 1 The average particle size fraction of coke in the convolution area is mm; p 1 The retention ratio of the slag iron in the convolution area is percent; k 2 The average particle size fraction of coke in the dead material column is mm; p 2 Is the retention proportion of the slag iron in the dead material column,%; d is the diameter of the tuyere and mm; HW is the flow of hot air blown in, m 3 Min; WP is the pressure of hot blast, kPa; OER is oxygen enrichment rate of blown hot air,%; PCI is the coal injection ratio per ton of iron, kg/t.
Q 1 Is a constant number of -1 ；M 1 Is constant and takes a value of 0.107,m 2 ；N 1 Is constant and takes the value of 0.054,m 2 。
Epsilon is a dimensional correction coefficient and takes the value of 0.47 mm -1 (ii) a Phi is dimension correction coefficient, and its value is 0.45 mm -1 ；
The value of the dimensional correction coefficient is 0.31,
gamma is dimension correction coefficient, and the value is 0.21, t/kg.
Example 1 effective furnace volume 1800m for certain iron and steel works 3 Blast furnace application is exemplified.
1.1 blast furnace operating parameters
Before sampling, the operation parameters of the average tuyere diameter, the hot air flow, the hot air pressure, the oxygen enrichment rate and the coal injection ratio in the blast furnace production process within one month are counted, and the operation parameters are detailed in table 1.
Table 1 example 1 blast furnace operating parameters
1.2 blast furnace hearth tuyere sampling
1800m for effective furnace volume of a certain steel plant 3 And (4) sampling the blast furnace within 14 hours of the blast furnace.
And (3) unloading a belly pipe and a tuyere of the blast furnace at the position of the sample, sending the sampling pipe into a tuyere raceway by using a sampler, fixing the tuyere sampler, and connecting the tuyere sampler with a blast furnace body through a steel rope and a hook. Then, the sampling tube is forcibly fed into the dead charge column of the furnace cylinder by using a cylinder pressurization mode, the front end of the sampling tube reaches the central position of the dead charge column, a slidable cover plate above the sampling tube is extracted, a self-carrying vibration beating mode is adopted, after the dead charge column and materials in a convolution area in the furnace fall into the sampling tube after vibration beating is carried out for 3 minutes, the sampling tube inserted into the furnace is extracted, and a sampling tube cover plate is covered on the upper part of the sampling tube extracted from the furnace body in the process that the sampling tube is extracted from the furnace body, so that coke in the furnace is prevented from being exposed to the atmosphere for combustion, and the accuracy of an analysis result is influenced.
After the sampling operation in the furnace is completed, the sampling tube is placed in the air port platform empty position, the distance of the materials taken out of the sampling tube is divided according to 30cm, the sampling position is compiled, then the materials are picked out and put into a sample storage barrel to be cooled for 45 minutes, and then the materials are put into a sample bag to be sealed and stored, and the samples are numbered.
1.3 analysis of coke particle size and slag iron ratio
Then, coke and iron slag samples in different samples are manually sorted out by utilizing the magnetic attraction principle of pig iron for materials at different sampling positions in the furnace, and the coke and iron slag samples are respectively subjected to mass weighing and recording, so that the detention quantity of the coke and the iron slag at different sampling positions in the furnace is distinguished. And screening the coke samples at different positions by using combined screens with different grain sizes under the mesh sizes of 30mm, 25mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 6.5mm, 5mm and 3mm of the screen meshes, sequentially carrying out grain size screening on the coke samples in the furnace, weighing and recording the grain sizes and the masses of the cokes at different sampling positions, and counting the average grain size of the cokes at the positions on the basis.
And aiming at the screening results of the average particle size of the coke at different positions, drawing a trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke in the furnace from the side of the furnace wall to the radial depth of the furnace core part by taking the abscissa as a sampling position and the ordinate as an axis, and taking the maximum slope of the trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke in the furnace as a boundary basis for judging a convolution area and a dead charge column, thereby distinguishing an air outlet convolution area and a dead charge column area. On the basis, the coke and iron slag retention quantity in the convolution area and the dead material column area is counted, and the coke and iron slag retention proportion in the convolution area and the dead material column area is calculated respectively on the basis. The coke particle size and the slag iron retention ratio in the hearth are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 example 1 coke particle size and slag iron retention ratio
1.4 Total Activity index analysis results of hearth
After the calculation formula for obtaining the size of the active area of the whole hearth is applied, the size of the whole active area of the hearth can be analyzed, and the calculation result of the size of the whole active area of the hearth is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 example 1 hearth overall active zone size
From the analysis results, the effective furnace volume 1800m is aimed at 3 The calculation result of the size of the whole active zone at the lower part of the blast furnace body is 12.91m 3 The condition that the whole active area of the hearth is small and the activity of the hearth is insufficient can be shown, that is, the condition that the raw fuel is improved and the condition that the raw fuel is not used can be adopted to obtain better smelting effect under the existing operation state at the present stageUnder the same reinforced smelting measures, the improvement of the running state of the blast furnace is realized.
Example 2 effective furnace volume 2580m for certain iron and steel works 3 Blast furnace application is exemplified.
2.1 blast furnace operating parameters
Before sampling, the average tuyere diameter, hot air flow, hot air pressure, oxygen enrichment rate and the operation parameters of the coal injection ratio in the blast furnace production process within one month are counted, and the operation parameters are detailed in a table 4.
Table 4 example 2 blast furnace operating parameters
2.2 blast furnace hearth tuyere sampling
2580m effective furnace volume for certain iron and steel plant 3 And (4) sampling the blast furnace at the 15-hour damping-down time of the blast furnace.
And (3) unloading a belly pipe and a tuyere of the blast furnace at the position of the sample, sending the sampling pipe into a tuyere raceway by using a sampler, fixing the tuyere sampler, and connecting the tuyere sampler with a blast furnace body through a steel rope and a hook. Then, the sampling tube is forcibly fed into the dead charge column of the furnace cylinder by utilizing a cylinder pressurization mode, the front end of the sampling tube reaches the central position of the dead charge column, then a slidable cover plate above the sampling tube is extracted, a self-carrying vibration beating mode is adopted, after the dead charge column and materials in a convolution area in the furnace fall into the sampling tube after vibration beating is carried out for 3 minutes, the sampling tube inserted into the furnace is extracted, and in the process that the sampling tube is extracted out of the furnace body, a sampling tube cover plate is covered on the upper part of the sampling tube extracted out of the furnace body, so that coke in the furnace is prevented from being exposed in the atmosphere to burn, and the accuracy of an analysis result is influenced.
After the sampling operation in the furnace is completed, the sampling tube is placed in the air port platform empty position, the distance of the materials taken out of the sampling tube is divided according to 25cm, the sampling position is compiled, then the materials are picked out and put into a sample storage barrel to be cooled for 50 minutes, and then the materials are put into a sample bag to be sealed and stored, and the samples are numbered.
2.3 analysis of coke particle size and slag iron ratio
Then, coke and iron slag samples in different samples are manually sorted out by utilizing the magnetic attraction principle of pig iron for materials at different sampling positions in the furnace, and the coke and iron slag samples are respectively subjected to mass weighing and recording, so that the detention quantity of the coke and the iron slag at different sampling positions in the furnace is distinguished. And screening the coke samples at different positions by using combined screens with different grain sizes under the mesh sizes of 30mm, 25mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 6.5mm, 5mm and 3mm of the screen meshes, sequentially carrying out grain size screening on the coke samples in the furnace, weighing and recording the grain sizes and the masses of the cokes at different sampling positions, and counting the average grain size of the cokes at the positions on the basis.
And aiming at the obtained screening results of the average particle size of the coke at different positions, drawing a variation trend line of the coke particle size in the furnace from the side of the furnace wall to the radial depth of the furnace core part by taking the abscissa as a sampling position and taking the ordinate as an axis, and taking the maximum slope of the variation trend line of the coke particle size in the furnace as a boundary basis for judging a convolution region and a dead charge column so as to distinguish an air outlet convolution region and a dead charge column region. On the basis, the coke and iron slag retention quantity in the convolution area and the dead material column area is counted, and the coke and iron slag retention proportion in the convolution area and the dead material column area is calculated respectively on the basis. The coke particle size and the slag iron retention ratio in the hearth are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 example 2 Coke particle size and slag iron retention ratio
2.4 Total Activity index analysis results of hearth
After the calculation formula for obtaining the size of the active area of the whole hearth is used for calculation, the size of the whole active area of the hearth can be analyzed, and the calculation result of the size of the whole active area of the hearth is shown in a table 6.
Table 6 example 2 hearth bulk active zone size
From the analysis results, the effective furnace volume is 2580m 3 The calculation result of the size of the whole active zone at the lower part of the blast furnace body is 21.42m 3 The condition that the whole active area of the furnace hearth is small and the activity of the furnace hearth is insufficient can indicate that the improvement of the running state of the blast furnace can be realized by improving the raw fuel condition and adopting different reinforced smelting measures under the existing running state at the present stage in order to obtain better smelting effect.
Example 3 effective furnace volume 3200m for certain iron and steel works 3 Blast furnace application is exemplified.
3.1 blast furnace operating parameters
Before sampling, the operation parameters of the average tuyere diameter, the hot air flow, the hot air pressure, the oxygen enrichment rate and the injection coal ratio in the production process of the blast furnace within one month are counted, and the operation parameters are detailed in a table 7.
Table 7 example 3 blast furnace operating parameters
3.2 blast furnace hearth tuyere sampling
3200m effective furnace volume for certain steel plant 3 And (4) sampling in the blast furnace within 15 hours of damping down time of the blast furnace.
And (3) unloading a belly pipe and a tuyere of the blast furnace at the position of the sample, sending the sampling pipe into a tuyere raceway by using a sampler, fixing the tuyere sampler, and connecting the tuyere sampler with a blast furnace body through a steel rope and a hook. Then, the sampling tube is forcibly fed into the dead charge column of the furnace cylinder by using a cylinder pressurization mode, the front end of the sampling tube reaches the central position of the dead charge column, a slidable cover plate above the sampling tube is extracted, a self-carrying vibration beating mode is adopted, after the dead charge column and materials in a convolution area in the furnace fall into the sampling tube after vibration beating is carried out for 3 minutes, the sampling tube inserted into the furnace is extracted, and a sampling tube cover plate is covered on the upper part of the sampling tube extracted from the furnace body in the process that the sampling tube is extracted from the furnace body, so that coke in the furnace is prevented from being exposed to the atmosphere for combustion, and the accuracy of an analysis result is influenced.
After the sampling operation in the furnace is completed, the sampling tube is placed in the air port platform empty position, the distance of the materials taken out of the sampling tube is divided according to 35cm, the sampling position is compiled, then the materials are picked out, put into a sample storage barrel, cooled for 40 minutes, put into a sample bag, sealed and stored, and the samples are numbered.
3.3 analysis of coke particle size and slag iron ratio
Then, coke and iron slag samples in different samples are manually sorted out by utilizing the magnetic attraction principle of pig iron for materials at different sampling positions in the furnace, and the coke and iron slag samples are respectively subjected to mass weighing and recording, so that the detention quantity of the coke and the iron slag at different sampling positions in the furnace is distinguished. And screening the coke samples at different positions by using combined screens with different grain sizes under the mesh sizes of 30mm, 25mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 6.5mm, 5mm and 3mm of the screen meshes, sequentially carrying out grain size screening on the coke samples in the furnace, weighing and recording the grain sizes and the masses of the cokes at different sampling positions, and counting the average grain size of the cokes at the positions on the basis.
And aiming at the screening results of the average particle size of the coke at different positions, drawing a trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke in the furnace from the side of the furnace wall to the radial depth of the furnace core part by taking the abscissa as a sampling position and the ordinate as an axis, and taking the maximum slope of the trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke in the furnace as a boundary basis for judging a convolution area and a dead charge column, thereby distinguishing an air outlet convolution area and a dead charge column area. On the basis, the coke and iron slag retention quantity in the convolution area and the dead material column area is counted, and the coke and iron slag retention proportion in the convolution area and the dead material column area is calculated respectively on the basis. The coke particle size and the slag iron retention ratio in the hearth are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 example 3 Coke particle size and slag iron retention ratio
3.4 Total Activity index analysis results of hearth
After the calculation formula for obtaining the size of the active area of the whole hearth is used for calculation, the size of the whole active area of the hearth can be analyzed, and the calculation result of the size of the whole active area of the hearth is shown in a table 9.
TABLE 9 EXAMPLE 3 hearth Overall active zone size
From the analysis results, the effective furnace volume is 3200m 3 The calculation result of the size of the whole active zone at the lower part of the blast furnace body was 27.32m 3 The condition that the whole active area of the furnace hearth is slightly small and the activity of the furnace hearth is insufficient can indicate that the improvement of the running state of the blast furnace can be realized by improving the raw fuel condition and adopting different reinforced smelting measures under the existing running state at the present stage in order to obtain better smelting effect.
Example 4 effective furnace volume 4038m in certain Steel works 3 Blast furnace application is exemplified.
4.1 blast furnace operating parameters
Before sampling, the average tuyere diameter, hot air flow, hot air pressure, oxygen enrichment rate and the operation parameters of the coal injection ratio in the blast furnace production process within one month are counted, and the operation parameters are detailed in a table 10.
TABLE 10 example 4 blast furnace operating parameters
4.2 blast furnace hearth tuyere sampling
4038m for effective furnace volume of certain steel plant 3 And (4) sampling the blast furnace within 16 hours of damping down time of the blast furnace.
And (3) unloading a belly pipe and a tuyere of the blast furnace at the position of the sample, sending the sampling pipe into a tuyere raceway by using a sampler, fixing the tuyere sampler, and connecting the tuyere sampler with a blast furnace body through a steel rope and a hook. Then, the sampling tube is forcibly fed into the dead charge column of the furnace cylinder by using a cylinder pressurization mode, the front end of the sampling tube reaches the central position of the dead charge column, a slidable cover plate above the sampling tube is extracted, a self-carrying vibration beating mode is adopted, after the dead charge column and materials in a convolution area in the furnace fall into the sampling tube after vibration beating is carried out for 3 minutes, the sampling tube inserted into the furnace is extracted, and a sampling tube cover plate is covered on the upper part of the sampling tube extracted from the furnace body in the process that the sampling tube is extracted from the furnace body, so that coke in the furnace is prevented from being exposed to the atmosphere for combustion, and the accuracy of an analysis result is influenced.
After the sampling operation in the furnace is completed, the sampling tube is placed in the air port platform empty position, the distance of the materials taken out of the sampling tube is divided according to 40cm, the sampling position is compiled, then the materials are picked out and put into a sample storage barrel to be cooled for 60 minutes, and then the materials are put into a sample bag to be sealed and stored, and the samples are numbered.
4.3 analysis of coke particle size and slag iron ratio
Then, coke and iron slag samples in different samples are manually sorted out by utilizing the magnetic attraction principle of pig iron for materials at different sampling positions in the furnace, and the coke and iron slag samples are respectively subjected to mass weighing and recording, so that the detention quantity of the coke and the iron slag at different sampling positions in the furnace is distinguished. And screening the coke samples at different positions by using combined screens with different grain sizes under the mesh sizes of 30mm, 25mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 6.5mm, 5mm and 3mm of the screen meshes, sequentially carrying out grain size screening on the coke samples in the furnace, weighing and recording the grain sizes and the masses of the cokes at different sampling positions, and counting the average grain size of the cokes at the positions on the basis.
And aiming at the screening results of the average particle size of the coke at different positions, drawing a trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke in the furnace from the side of the furnace wall to the radial depth of the furnace core part by taking the abscissa as a sampling position and the ordinate as an axis, and taking the maximum slope of the trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke in the furnace as a boundary basis for judging a convolution area and a dead charge column, thereby distinguishing an air outlet convolution area and a dead charge column area. On the basis, the coke and iron slag retention quantity in the convolution area and the dead material column area is counted, and the coke and iron slag retention proportion in the convolution area and the dead material column area is calculated respectively on the basis. The coke particle size and the slag iron retention ratio in the hearth are shown in Table 11.
TABLE 11 example 4 Coke particle size and slag iron retention ratio
4.4 Total Activity index analysis results of hearth
After the calculation formula for obtaining the size of the active area of the whole hearth is used for calculation, the size of the whole active area of the hearth can be analyzed, and the calculation result of the size of the whole active area of the hearth is shown in a table 12.
TABLE 12 EXAMPLE 4 hearth Overall active zone size
From the analysis result, the effective furnace volume 4038m is aimed at 3 The calculation result of the size of the whole active zone at the lower part of the blast furnace body is 37.10m 3 The fact that the whole active area of the hearth is large, the hearth is full in activity and the raw fuel quality is good indicates that a good smelting effect is required to be obtained and the corresponding smelting system and the quality level of the raw fuel at the present stage are maintained.
Example 5 effective furnace volume 5500m for a certain iron and steel works 3 Blast furnace application is exemplified.
5.1 blast furnace operating parameters
Before sampling, the average tuyere diameter, hot air flow, hot air pressure, oxygen enrichment rate and the operation parameters of the injection coal ratio in the production process of the blast furnace within one month are counted, and the operation parameters are detailed in table 13.
TABLE 13 example 5 blast furnace operating parameters
5.2 blast furnace hearth tuyere sampling
5500m aiming at effective furnace volume of a certain steel plant 3 And (4) sampling the blast furnace within 18 hours of damping down time of the blast furnace.
And (3) unloading a belly pipe and a tuyere of the blast furnace at the position of the sample, sending the sampling pipe into a tuyere raceway by using a sampler, fixing the tuyere sampler, and connecting the tuyere sampler with a blast furnace body through a steel rope and a hook. Then, the sampling tube is forcibly fed into the dead charge column of the furnace cylinder by using a cylinder pressurization mode, the front end of the sampling tube reaches the central position of the dead charge column, a slidable cover plate above the sampling tube is extracted, a self-carrying vibration beating mode is adopted, after the dead charge column and materials in a convolution area in the furnace fall into the sampling tube after vibration beating is carried out for 3 minutes, the sampling tube inserted into the furnace is extracted, and a sampling tube cover plate is covered on the upper part of the sampling tube extracted from the furnace body in the process that the sampling tube is extracted from the furnace body, so that coke in the furnace is prevented from being exposed to the atmosphere for combustion, and the accuracy of an analysis result is influenced.
After the sampling operation in the furnace is completed, the sampling tube is placed in the air port platform empty position, the distance of the materials taken out of the sampling tube is divided according to 30cm, the sampling position is compiled, then the materials are picked out and put into a sample storage barrel to be cooled for 60 minutes, and then the materials are put into a sample bag to be sealed and stored, and the samples are numbered.
5.3 analysis of coke particle size and slag iron ratio
Then, coke and iron slag samples in different samples are manually sorted out by utilizing the magnetic attraction principle of pig iron for materials at different sampling positions in the furnace, and the coke and iron slag samples are respectively subjected to mass weighing and recording, so that the detention quantity of the coke and the iron slag at different sampling positions in the furnace is distinguished. And screening the coke samples at different positions by using combined screens with different particle sizes under the mesh sizes of 30mm, 25mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 6.5mm, 5mm and 3mm of the screen meshes, sequentially carrying out particle size screening on the coke samples in the furnace, weighing and recording the particle sizes and the masses of the coke at different sampling positions, and counting the average particle size of the coke at the position on the basis to prevent the coke in the furnace from being exposed to the atmosphere and burning and influence the accuracy of an analysis result.
And aiming at the screening results of the average particle size of the coke at different positions, drawing a trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke in the furnace from the side of the furnace wall to the radial depth of the furnace core part by taking the abscissa as a sampling position and the ordinate as an axis, and taking the maximum slope of the trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke in the furnace as a boundary basis for judging a convolution area and a dead charge column, thereby distinguishing an air outlet convolution area and a dead charge column area. On the basis, the coke and iron slag retention quantity in the convolution area and the dead material column area is counted, and the coke and iron slag retention proportion in the convolution area and the dead material column area is calculated respectively on the basis. The coke particle size and the slag iron retention ratio in the hearth are shown in Table 14.
TABLE 14 example 5 Coke particle size and slag iron retention ratio
5.4 Total Activity index analysis results of hearth
After the calculation formula for obtaining the size of the active area of the whole hearth is used for calculation, the size of the whole active area of the hearth can be analyzed, and the calculation result of the size of the whole active area of the hearth is shown in a table 15.
TABLE 15 EXAMPLE 5 hearth Overall active zone size
From the analysis results, the effective furnace volume is 5500m 3 The calculation result of the size of the whole active zone at the lower part of the blast furnace body is 50.09m 3 The fact that the whole active area of the hearth is large, the hearth is full in activity and the raw fuel quality is good indicates that a good smelting effect is required to be obtained and the corresponding smelting system and the quality level of the raw fuel at the present stage are maintained.
Claims (9)
1. The method for calculating the size of the active area of the whole hearth by utilizing the hearth sampling means is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Aiming at blast furnaces with different effective furnace volumes, inserting a sampling tube into the blast furnaces from a tuyere during the damping-down time of the blast furnaces, sending the sampling tube into the central position of a dead charge column of a hearth from a convolution region, sampling at different radial depth positions from the convolution region to the central position of the dead charge column of the hearth, taking out the samples, cooling, and numbering according to the sampling positions;
2) According to the method, coke and iron slag samples in different samples are sorted out by utilizing the magnetic attraction principle aiming at the materials at different sampling positions in the furnace, and the mass weighing and the recording are respectively carried out, so that the detention quantity of the coke and the iron slag at different sampling positions in the furnace is distinguished;
3) Screening the granularity of the sorted coke samples at different positions, weighing and recording the granularity and the quality of the coke at different sampling positions, and counting the average granularity of the coke at the position;
4) Aiming at the obtained screening results of the average particle size of the coke at different positions, drawing a trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke from the side of a furnace wall to the radial depth of a furnace core part by taking an abscissa as a sampling position and an ordinate as a coordinate axis, and taking the maximum slope of the trend line of the change of the particle size of the coke in the furnace as a boundary basis for judging a convolution area and a dead charge column, thereby distinguishing an air outlet convolution area and a dead charge column area, and recording the convolution area length and the dead charge column length under the radius of a furnace cylinder;
5) Counting the retention quantity of coke and iron slag in the convolution area and the dead material column area, and respectively calculating the retention proportion of coke and iron slag in the convolution area and the dead material column;
6) Counting coke particle levels at different sampling positions in a convolution area and a dead material column area, and calculating average particle levels of the coke in the convolution area and the dead material column by using a mathematical weighting mode;
7) Counting the operation parameters of the average tuyere diameter, the hot air flow, the hot air pressure, the oxygen enrichment rate and the injection coal ratio in the blast furnace production process within one month before sampling work;
8) And obtaining the size of the active area of the whole hearth by adopting the following calculation formula:
the symbol in the formula:
s is the size of the active zone of the whole hearth, m 3 (ii) a n is the number of the tuyeres at the hearth; l is the length of the tuyere raceway, m; k 1 The average particle size fraction of coke in the convolution area is mm; p 1 Is the retention proportion of the slag iron in the convolution area; k 2 The average particle size fraction of coke in the dead material column is mm; p 2 The retention proportion of slag iron in the dead material column is percent; d is the diameter of the tuyere and mm; HW is the flow of hot air blown in, m 3 Min; WP is the pressure of hot blast, kPa; OER is oxygen enrichment rate of blown hot air,%; PCI is the coal injection ratio per ton of iron, kg/t;
Q 1 is a constant number of -1 ；M 1 Is constant and takes a value of 0.107,m 2 ；N 1 Is constant and takes the value of 0.054,m 2 ；
Epsilon is a dimensional correction coefficient and takes the value of 0.47 mm -1 (ii) a Phi is dimension correction coefficient, and its value is 0.45 mm -1 ；
The value of the dimensional correction coefficient is 0.31,
gamma is dimension correction coefficient, and the value is 0.21, t/kg.
2. The method for calculating the size of the active area of the whole hearth according to the claim 1, wherein the control range of the furnace volume of the blast furnace with different effective furnace volumes is 1200m 3 ～6000m 3 。
3. The method for calculating the size of the active area of the whole hearth according to the claim 1, wherein the down time of the blast furnace is not less than 10h.
4. The method for calculating the size of the active region of the whole hearth according to claim 1, wherein the sampling positions in the step 1) are numbered by: the materials taken out of the sampling tube are numbered every 20 cm-50 cm from the front end of the sampling tube and are used for distinguishing the depth position of the sample in the radial sampling direction.
5. The method for calculating the size of the active area of the whole hearth according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the sample is placed on a platform without magnetic substance and spread out, the spread thickness of the sample is not more than 20mm, and the sample is sorted by using the magnet.
6. The method for calculating the size of the active area of the whole hearth according to claim 1, wherein the step 3) is performed by using the combination sieves of different size fractions, which have mesh sizes of 30mm, 25mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 6.5mm, 5mm and 3mm, respectively, to sequentially screen the sorted coke samples in the hearth.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the convolution length used in the calculation in step 4) is not less than 1.0m.
8. The method for calculating the size of the active area of the whole hearth according to claim 1, wherein the average particle size of the coke in the convolution area and the dead material column in the step 6) is calculated within a control range of not less than 10mm in average particle size of the coke in the convolution area and not less than 3mm in average particle size of the coke in the dead material column.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the constant Q in step 8) is a constant value 1 Aiming at blast furnaces with different effective furnace volumes, the effective furnace volume is 1200m 3 ～2000m 3 Blast furnace, constant Q 1 A value of 0.78; effective furnace volume is more than 2000m 3 And is less than or equal to 3000m 3 Blast furnace, constant Q 1 The value is 0.84; effective furnace volume is more than 3000m 3 And is not more than 4000m 3 Blast furnace, constant Q 1 The value is 0.87; effective furnace volume is more than 4000m 3 And less than or equal to 5000m 3 Blast furnace, constant Q 1 The value is 0.89; effective furnace volume is more than 5000m 3 And is less than or equal to 6000m 3 Blast furnace, constant Q 1 The value is 0.90.
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