CN114905299A - Device for processing slender rotary workpieces - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for processing a slender rotary workpiece. The work holding mechanism is provided with a mounting hole for receiving and holding one end of the work, and a plurality of threaded holes formed on a peripheral wall of the mounting hole at intervals from each other and communicating with the mounting hole, through which a fastener can be passed to lock the work. The auxiliary support mechanism is configured to have an opening portion that engages the workpiece in a radial direction of the workpiece. The device can prevent the slender rotary workpiece from being bent and burned in the machining process.

Description

Device for processing slender rotary workpieces

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a device for machining a slender rotary workpiece.

Background

As shown in fig. 1, according to the prior art, when machining a long and thin rotary workpiece shown in fig. 1, a worker needs to position and fix both ends of a workpiece material 1 in the axial direction by a center drill 2. The raw workpiece material 1 is further fixed by a screw fastener 3 provided at one axial end thereof. Specifically, after the center drill 2 drills positioning holes in both axial ends of the workpiece raw material 1, the processing person screws the screw fasteners 3 again so that the screw fasteners 3 lock the workpiece raw material in the radial direction.

For this form of processing, there are various disadvantages:

1. the rigidity of the slender rotary part is poor, and the slender rotary part is easy to deform when being clamped. In addition, the parts are fixed at one end by adopting a screw single-point pressing and locking mode, and the probability of deformation of the parts is further increased.

2. Because the area of the end face of the slender rotary part is small and the rigidity is poor, in the process of machining the part, the central drills at the two ends of the slender rotary part are difficult to ensure that the connection line of the central holes at the two sides is maintained in the state that the central axes of the part are coaxial.

3. During the machining of the part, the cooling liquid flows to the surface of the part from above the part rotating at high speed. Because the contact area between the slender rotary part and the cooling liquid is small, only part of the falling cooling liquid can contact with the part. In addition, in the course of working, the part of high-speed rotation can produce great centrifugal force, and the coolant liquid that falls on the part surface can be thrown away very fast, and then makes the coolant liquid more difficult to realize the cooling effect, and the part burns the condition easily appear.

Therefore, it is necessary to improve the conventional machining apparatus for a long and thin rotary workpiece.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for machining an elongated rotating-type workpiece that effectively solves at least one of the above-mentioned problems.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the device for processing the slender rotary workpiece comprises a workpiece clamping mechanism and an auxiliary supporting mechanism. The work holding mechanism is provided with a mounting hole for receiving and holding one end of the work, and a plurality of threaded holes formed on a peripheral wall of the mounting hole at intervals from each other and communicating with the mounting hole, through which a fastener can be passed to lock the work. The auxiliary support mechanism is configured to have an opening portion that engages the workpiece in a radial direction of the workpiece.

Before processing a slender rotary workpiece, one end (first end) of the workpiece is firmly clamped by a plurality of fasteners of a workpiece clamping mechanism. Since the first end of the workpiece is supported by the mounting hole of the workpiece holding mechanism, a large supporting area can be obtained for the workpiece at the first end. The other end of the workpiece can be held by the auxiliary support mechanism and the tool which are diametrically opposite. When the cutter is used for cutting a workpiece, the cutter is abutted against the opposite side of the auxiliary supporting mechanism, so that the workpiece can not bear obvious bending moment load and is not easy to deform.

Preferably, the auxiliary support mechanism includes a follow rest and a cooling duct for supplying a cooling liquid to the workpiece, wherein a passage for accommodating the cooling duct is provided in the follow rest so that the cooling duct communicates with a bottom of the opening portion. Because the opening part is jointed with the workpiece, the opening part and the workpiece are jointed or closely adjacent to each other, the cooling liquid flowing out of the cooling conduit can flow to the surface of the workpiece, and the cooling liquid has a cooling effect. Further, during the high-speed rotation of the workpiece, a part of the coolant thrown away by the workpiece strikes the surface of the opening portion, and the part of the coolant further bounces back to the surface of the workpiece, thereby secondarily cooling the workpiece. The other part of the cooling liquid flows to the position where the workpiece is contacted with or close to the opening part along the surface of the opening part and flows to other areas along the workpiece, so that the cooling liquid can completely envelop the workpiece, a good cooling effect is realized, and the burn is avoided.

Preferably, the auxiliary support mechanism further comprises a support block and a screw, wherein the screw has an external threaded portion and a through hole extending in an axial direction thereof, the passage has an internal threaded portion engaged with the external threaded portion, the support block defines the opening portion, and the cooling duct and the support block are respectively fixed to different end-to-end ends of the screw. By rotating the screw, the distance between the outlet of the cooling liquid and the workpiece can be adjusted, and the speed at which the cooling liquid contacts the workpiece can be correspondingly adjusted. With this structure, the cooling effect of the workpiece can be qualitatively adjusted.

Preferably, the follower rest is provided with a receiving groove for receiving the supporting block, wherein the receiving groove supports the supporting block at least in the vertical direction.

Preferably, the opening portion is configured such that a bottom portion of the opening portion and the elongated rotary-type workpiece are spaced from each other when the elongated rotary-type workpiece is received by the opening portion.

Preferably, the bottom of the opening portion has a rectangular cross section.

Preferably, at least a portion of the plurality of threaded holes is configured to extend in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the mounting hole.

Preferably, the mounting hole has a circular cross section, and at least a part of the plurality of threaded holes extends in a radial direction of the mounting hole.

Preferably, the center axes of the plurality of screw holes are located on the same plane.

Preferably, the opening portion extends by a distance of not less than 20mm in an axial direction corresponding to the workpiece.

Preferably, the support block is a V-shaped block or a U-shaped block.

Preferably, the mounting hole is a through hole.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the invention, two ends of the slender shaft are not fixed by the ejector pins, but are respectively supported by the workpiece clamping mechanism and the auxiliary supporting mechanism. The slender shaft can obtain larger supporting area at the two axial ends, so that the bending condition is not easy to occur. In addition, the opening part of the auxiliary supporting mechanism and the slender shaft form a closed space. The liquid that the peristome bottom flowed out can directly spout to slender axles to further bounce back to slender axles surface through the surface of peristome in this enclosure space, coolant liquid can flow to other areas that are located the peristome contact along slender axles surface, thereby has guaranteed good cooling effect.

Drawings

For a better understanding of the above and other objects, features, advantages and functions of the invention, reference should be made to the preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals in the drawings refer to like parts. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the drawings are intended to illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention without any limiting effect on the scope of the invention, and that the various components in the drawings are not drawn to scale.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a machining process for machining a long and thin rotary workpiece in the prior art.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for processing the slender rotary workpiece according to the invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective structural view of the workpiece holding mechanism of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the auxiliary supporting mechanism of fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the apparatus of fig. 2 for machining an elongated rotating-type workpiece.

Detailed Description

The inventive concept of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. What has been described herein is merely a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention and other ways of practicing the invention will occur to those skilled in the art and are within the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, directional terms, such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "longitudinal", "lateral", and the like, are used with reference to the orientation depicted in the accompanying drawings. Components of embodiments of the present invention can be positioned in a number of different orientations and the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting.

Referring to fig. 2, the apparatus 100 for machining an elongated rotary workpiece according to the present disclosure is composed of a workpiece holding mechanism 10, an auxiliary supporting mechanism 20, and the like. In the example shown in fig. 2, an elongate swivel-type workpiece is shown as an elongate shaft 1, but is not limited thereto, and any elongate shaft portion having the components of the elongate shaft 1 shown in fig. 2, a device, may be processed through the device 100 of the present disclosure. For convenience of explanation, the slender shaft 1 and the slender revolving type workpiece having the slender shaft portion will be described below by taking the slender shaft 1 as an example.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3 in combination with fig. 2, the workpiece holding mechanism 10 is provided with a mounting hole 11 for receiving and holding one end of the elongated shaft 1, and a plurality of threaded holes 12 formed on a peripheral wall of the mounting hole 11 at intervals from each other and communicating with the mounting hole 11. The mounting hole 11 is optionally provided with a circular cross-section. A fastener 25, such as a screw, can be passed through the threaded bore 12 to lock the elongate shaft 1. Preferably, the screw 25 has a rounded configuration for form-fitting with the surface of the end portion intended to fit the surface of the elongate shaft 1.

The extension length of the mounting hole 11 is optionally set to be not less than 5 times the diameter of the elongate shaft 1, so as to ensure that the elongate shaft 1 can have a larger contact area with the mounting hole 11 after penetrating into the mounting hole 11, thereby reducing the shear stress borne by the elongate shaft 1 during the machining process. The extension length of the mounting hole 11 may be set to be, for example, 10 times, 15 times, or the like of the diameter of the long slender shaft 1. In addition, the extension length of the mounting hole 11 is set to be not less than the contact length of the cutter and the slender shaft 1 according to the rotating speed of an external cutter or the slender shaft 1, the diameter of a finished product of the slender shaft 1 to be processed and the like in the processing process of the slender shaft 1.

In order to ensure that the mounting hole 11 of the work holding structure has a long extended hole, which assists the support structure, the work holding structure 10 is provided with a cylindrical portion 14 (the cylindrical portion 14 in the form of a cylinder is schematically shown in the drawing) protruding from a main body portion 13 having a substantially hexahedral structure. A continuously extending section of the mounting hole is provided in the cylindrical portion 14 and in the main body portion 13. The two mounting holes are combined in sections to form a total mounting hole 11, which provides the workpiece holding device 10 with overall light weight.

The peripheral outer surface of the body portion 13, which is of hexahedral configuration, may be engaged with a chuck 32 of the machine tool 30 capable of rotating the workpiece holding mechanism 10. After the machine tool 30 is started, the machine tool 30 can rotate the workpiece holding mechanism 10 around the central axis of the extension hole.

Referring to fig. 3, at least a portion of the plurality of threaded holes 12 of the workpiece holding structure communicating with the mounting hole 11 is configured to extend in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the mounting hole 11. For a mounting hole 11 having a circular cross-section, the threaded hole 12 is meant to extend in the radial direction of the mounting hole 11. Preferably, the central axes of the plurality of threaded holes 12 are disposed in the same plane, thereby facilitating the screws to maintain the central axis of the elongate shaft 1 coaxial with the central axis of the machine tool 30.

When the elongate shaft 1 is being machined at a faster speed, the threaded holes 12 can optionally be arranged in rows at different axial positions of the mounting hole 11 in the axial direction of the mounting hole 11 (fig. 3 shows only 4 mounting holes 11 at one axial position). More threaded holes 12 facilitate a more secure clamping of the elongate shaft 1.

In order to facilitate the installer to quickly adjust the central axis of the elongate shaft 1 to be coaxial with the centre of rotation of the machine tool 30, according to some embodiments each threaded bore 12 is provided with the same extension and each screw 25 is provided with a scale. Each screw 25 is capable of positioning the elongate shaft 1 directly coaxially with the centre axis of rotation of the machine tool 30 when a fastener 25, such as a screw, is screwed into a desired indexing position.

Referring to fig. 4 in conjunction with fig. 2, the auxiliary support mechanism 20 is provided with an opening portion S1 on a side facing the elongated shaft 1. The opening S1 can support the elongated shaft 1 at the other end of the elongated shaft 1. More specifically, the elongated shaft 1 is supported at both axial ends thereof by the workpiece holding mechanism 10 and the auxiliary support mechanism 20, respectively, and the diametrically opposite sides of the elongated shaft 1 contact the opening portion S1 of the auxiliary support mechanism 20 and the cutter, respectively.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the secondary support mechanism 20 is comprised of a follower block 22, a cooling conduit 24, and a support block 26, among others. In the example of fig. 3, the follower holder 22 is a thick plate-like member, and alternatively, it may be in the form of a bracket in which a plurality of parts are fixedly assembled. The opening portion S1 of the auxiliary supporting mechanism 20 is defined by the supporting block 26.

The follower holder 22 is provided with a receiving groove S2 for receiving the support block 26 on the side facing the elongate shaft 1, wherein the receiving groove S2 supports the support block 26 at least in the vertical direction. A passage 23 for accommodating the cooling duct 24 is also provided in the follower rest 22 so that the cooling duct 24 communicates with the bottom a of the opening portion S1. In some embodiments, the cooling conduit 24 can pass through the channel 23 to place the exit port at the bottom a of the support block 26. In this case, the cooling conduit 24 is directly connected to the support block 26, and the two may be fixed to each other by screwing or the like.

The cooling conduit 24 is connected by a cooling pump, reservoir, etc., not shown, to provide a cooling fluid for cooling the elongate shaft 1.

Unlike the above embodiments in which the cooling conduits 24 are directly connected to the support blocks 26, in other embodiments the cooling conduits 24 are connected to the support blocks 26 by an indirect connection. Specifically, the auxiliary support mechanism 20 is provided with a screw 28 including an externally threaded portion. The screw 28 is provided with a through hole extending in the axial direction thereof, which serves on the one hand to engage the cooling duct 24 and on the other hand as a passage 23 for communication between the cooling duct 24 and the bottom a of the support block 26.

It will be appreciated that where a threaded rod 28 is provided, the internal passage 23 of the follower holder 22 is provided as a threaded through bore having an internally threaded portion. By means of rotating the screw 28, the position of the opening portion S1 of the auxiliary support mechanism 20 can be adjusted in the radial direction of the elongated shaft 1, so that the auxiliary support mechanism 20 can be adapted to process various kinds of elongated shafts 1 having different diameters.

With continued reference to fig. 2 and 4, the opening portion S1 is preferably configured such that when the opening portion S1 receives the elongated shaft 1, the bottom a of the opening portion S1 and the elongated shaft 1 are spaced apart from each other. Specifically, the opening portion S1 is a V-shaped or U-shaped opening, in which case the support block 26 is formed as a V-shaped block or a U-shaped block. Referring to fig. 5, after the elongated shaft 1 abuts the opening portion S1, the opening portion S1 and the elongated shaft 1 form a closed space S in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the elongated shaft 1. Since the coolant outlet at the bottom a of the opening portion S1 is adjacent to the elongated shaft 1, the coolant is directly sprayed to the surface of the elongated shaft 1, so that the coolant has a cooling effect. Further, during the high-speed rotation of the elongated shaft 1, a part of the coolant thrown away by the elongated shaft 1 hits the surface of the opening S1, and the part of the coolant further bounces back to the surface of the elongated shaft 1, thereby secondarily cooling the elongated shaft 1. The other part of the cooling liquid flows to the position where the slender shaft 1 is in contact with or close to the opening part S1 along the surface of the opening part S1 and flows to other areas along the slender shaft 1, so that the cooling liquid can envelope the slender shaft 1 more completely, and a good cooling effect is realized.

With continued reference to fig. 4 and 5, the bottom a of the opening portion S1 is preferably provided to have a rectangular cross section. At this point, the enclosed space S defined by the mouth portion S1 and the elongate shaft 1 can contain more liquid, facilitating the elongate shaft 1 to transport liquid along its surface to other locations not in contact with the support block 26.

In order to ensure that the auxiliary support mechanism 20 has a larger contact area with the opening S1 at the other end of the elongate shaft 1, so that it further reduces the risk of being bent by the cutter, the extension distance of the opening S1 in the axial direction corresponding to the elongate shaft 1 is not less than 20mm, e.g. 25mm, 30mm, 40mm, etc. This may be determined by the length of the elongate shaft 1 between the auxiliary support mechanism 20 and the workpiece clamping mechanism 10.

As a preferred embodiment, the mounting hole 11 of the work holding mechanism 10 according to the present disclosure is provided as a through hole. When a section of the elongate shaft 1 has been machined, the installer may release each screw 25 for securing the elongate shaft 1, and after moving the elongate shaft 1 axially, further secure and machine other sections forming the elongate shaft 1.

The device 100 for machining elongated rotary workpieces according to the disclosure is particularly suitable for machining parts with a diameter range of phi 0.5 mm-phi 5mm and a length range of ≤ 100 mm.

According to the present disclosure, prior to machining the elongate shaft 1, one end (first end) of the elongate shaft 1 is securely clamped by the plurality of fasteners 25 of the workpiece clamping mechanism 10. Since the first end of the elongated shaft 1 is supported by the mounting hole 11 of the workpiece holding mechanism 10, a large support area can be obtained for the elongated shaft 1 at the first end. The other end of the elongate shaft 1 may then be gripped by diametrically opposed auxiliary support means 20 and a tool. The cutter abuts against the opposite side of the auxiliary support mechanism 20 during cutting of the elongated shaft 1, and therefore the elongated shaft 1 does not bear significant bending moment load and is not prone to deformation.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some technical features, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals:

the device for processing the slender rotary workpiece comprises: 100.

workpiece clamping mechanism: 10.

the auxiliary supporting mechanism comprises: 20.

a machine tool: 30.

slender shaft: 1.

mounting holes: 11.

threaded hole: 12.

a main body part: 13.

a column part: 14.

a follow rest: 22.

cooling the conduit: 24.

fastener, screw: 25.

supporting blocks: 26.

screw rod: 28.

opening part: and S1.

A channel: 23.

accommodating grooves: s2

Bottom of opening part: A. clamping a head: 32.

Claims (12)

1. an apparatus (100) for machining elongated rotary-type workpieces, the apparatus (100) comprising:

a workpiece holding mechanism (10), the workpiece holding mechanism (10) being provided with a mounting hole (11) for receiving and holding one end of the workpiece, and a plurality of threaded holes (12) formed on a peripheral wall of the mounting hole (11) at intervals from each other and communicating with the mounting hole (11), a fastener (25) being capable of passing through the threaded holes (12) to lock the workpiece; and

an auxiliary support mechanism (20), the auxiliary support mechanism (20) being configured to have an opening portion (S1) that engages the workpiece in a radial direction of the workpiece.

2. The apparatus (100) according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary support mechanism (20) comprises a follow rest (22) and a cooling conduit (24) for supplying a cooling liquid to the workpiece, wherein a passage (23) for accommodating the cooling conduit (24) is provided in the follow rest (22) so that the cooling conduit (24) communicates with the bottom (a) of the opening portion (S1).

3. The apparatus (100) of claim 2, wherein said auxiliary support mechanism (20) further comprises a support block (26) and a screw (28), wherein said screw (28) has an externally threaded portion and a through hole extending axially therealong, said channel (23) has an internally threaded portion cooperating with said externally threaded portion, said support block (26) defines said opening portion (S1), and said cooling duct (24) and said support block (26) are respectively fixed at different end-to-end ends of said screw (28).

4. Device (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that the follower rest (22) is provided with a receiving groove (S2) for receiving the support block (26), wherein the receiving groove (S2) supports the support block (26) at least in a vertical direction.

5. The apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 2-4, wherein the opening portion (S1) is configured such that, when the opening portion (S1) receives the elongated rotary-type workpiece, a bottom (A) of the opening portion (S1) and the elongated rotary-type workpiece are spaced apart from each other.

6. The device (100) according to claim 5, wherein the bottom (A) of the opening (S1) has a rectangular cross section.

7. The apparatus (100) of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of threaded holes (12) are configured to extend in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the mounting hole (11).

8. The device (100) according to claim 7, wherein the mounting hole (11) has a circular cross-section and at least a portion of the plurality of threaded holes (12) extends in a radial direction of the mounting hole (11).

9. The device (100) of claim 8, wherein the central axes of the plurality of threaded holes (12) lie in the same plane.

10. The apparatus (100) according to claim 1, wherein an extension distance of the opening portion (S1) in an axial direction corresponding to the workpiece is not less than 20 mm.

11. The device (100) according to claim 3, wherein the support block (26) is a V-block or a U-block.

12. The device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 11, wherein the mounting hole (11) is a through hole.

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