CN114905043A - Many first alloy powder synthesizer based on electric explosion method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-element alloy powder synthesis device based on an electric explosion method, and belongs to the technical field of pulse power. The invention comprises an insulator, a high-voltage electrode, a ground electrode, an air inlet, an electric explosion and injection device, metal mixed steam, a product collection base station and an exhaust port. According to the invention, the metal wires are nested in the semi-closed medium pipe, so that the deposition energy in the metal wire electric explosion process can be improved, the metal steam sprayed in a directional manner can be obtained, and the mutual influence of the metal wires in the phase explosion and plasma processes can be avoided; the auxiliary magnetic field coil is arranged at the pipe orifice, so that the spraying track of the charged metal steam can be regulated, controlled and restrained; the magnetic field coil is adopted to assist in controlling the expansion orientation of the charged metal steam, and a time sequence control system is designed to combine with the electric explosion characteristics of different metals to regulate and control the explosion delay and sequence, so that the difference of discharge modes and unstable development caused by the self characteristics of the metal wire is avoided, and the multi-element alloy powder with higher quality is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power, and relates to a multi-element alloy powder synthesis device based on an electric explosion method.
Background
The metal wire Electrical explosion (EEW, wire explosion) injects pulse current with certain parameters into a metal conductor (metal wire), and under the action of joule heating, the metal load undergoes rapid phase change, and the process includes solid heating, liquefaction, liquid heating, gasification/phase explosion, and finally breakdown to form plasma, and simultaneously accompanies physical effects such as strong light radiation and shock wave.
Compared with the traditional metal nanoparticle preparation method, such as vapor deposition, mechanical grinding, thermal plasma method and the like, the metal wire electric explosion has unique advantages. Its extremely high reaction temperature (> 10) 5 K) Can ensure that the metal vapor is in higher atomization and ionization degrees, which provides a foundation for the formation of uniform and fine nanometer powder and also provides possibility for the high-quality preparation of multi-element alloy materials, metal nitrides, oxides and the like. After the metal wire phase explosion process occurs, the metal vapor expands and diffuses at high speed (-km/s), collides with molecules and atoms in the medium atmosphere and then is cooled at extremely high speed (10) 9 -10 10 K/s) to nucleate and form spherical particles varying from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers in diameter. In addition, the electric explosion method is simple and efficient, has low requirements on raw materials for preparing the nano powder, and only requires a conductor or metal coating. Depending on the atmosphere of the electric explosion medium, an inert gas atmosphere is often used to prepare the metal elementary nanoparticles, and an atmosphere containing nitrogen and oxygen is used to generate metal nitrides and oxides. Among them, the composite materials of multi-element metal alloy/coating, metal and carbon are also the focus of attention of the electric explosion method.
In addition, the electric explosion process of the alloy wire is obviously different from the electric explosion process of a metal wire of a corresponding mass unit element, and is mainly reflected in the deposition energy of a discharge channel, the expansion speed of a product and the plasma process, so that the cooling and nucleation process of metal vapor is influenced, and the expected alloy powder cannot be obtained. If a plurality of metal wires are used for parallel explosion, the process of manufacturing the alloy wires can be omitted, but the strong electric/magnetic coupling effect in the electric explosion process of each wire can cause the problems of uniformity, consistency and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a multi-element alloy powder synthesis device based on an electric explosion method, wherein metal wires are nested into a semi-closed medium tube, so that the deposition energy of the metal wires in the electric explosion process can be improved, metal steam sprayed in a directional mode can be obtained, and the mutual influence of the metal wires in the phase explosion and plasma processes is avoided; the auxiliary magnetic field coil is arranged at the pipe orifice, so that the spraying track of the charged metal steam can be regulated, controlled and restrained; the magnetic field coil is adopted to assist in controlling the expansion orientation of the charged metal vapor, and the time delay and the sequence of explosion can be regulated and controlled by combining the electric explosion characteristics of different metals through designing a time sequence control system so as to obtain the multi-element alloy powder with higher quality.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a multi-element alloy powder synthesis device based on an electric explosion method.
The insulator is made of PTFE or nylon materials, the high-voltage electrode column is separated from the cavity, and the high-voltage electrode is prevented from being communicated with the cavity or being punctured and creepage. The surface of the insulator is of a spiral structure and is used for effectively increasing the insulation strength.
The high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode are stainless steel columns which are respectively connected with the core and the grounding sheath of the coaxial high-voltage cable.
The gas inlet is used for introducing inert gas, such as helium, argon and the like, and is used for preventing the metal powder from being oxidized/nitrided. The gas vent is used for realizing the function of washing gas, reaches preset medium atmosphere in making the cavity, still is used for making the directional discharge of electric explosion result in addition, is convenient for collect.
Preferably, the inert gas is helium or argon.
The electric explosion spraying device mainly comprises three parts, wherein a single electric explosion spraying device comprises a semi-closed medium pipe, an electrode, an insulator, a metal wire and a constant magnetic field; the semi-closed medium pipe is 2-4cm in length and 5-20mm in diameter, and is made of a plastic material with high yield strength to prevent the medium pipe from being broken or irreversibly deformed by electric explosion shock waves. The insulator is inserted on the medium pipe to prevent surface flashover. One end of the high-voltage electrode and one end of the low electrode are respectively connected with the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode of the cavity, and the other end of the high-voltage electrode and the other end of the low electrode are connected with the metal wire. The wire load is selected to have high purity to prevent impurities from being introduced, and the diameter of the wire is selected to be related to the initial energy storage of the system, so that the deposition energy before the wire discharge channel is broken down is required to be larger than the energy required by the complete gasification of the wire under the quality. The magnetic field coil is driven by a direct current power supply and is used for providing a constant magnetic field, and the main function of the magnetic field coil is to play a role in pre-restricting the expansion track of the charged metal steam and assist in directional spraying. When a plurality of injection apparatus connect, mechanical cantilever links to each other with the medium pipe blind end for freely regulate and control metal steam injection direction. The time sequence control system is controlled by a digital delay generator (DG645), the first to sixth are six independent three-electrode spark switches respectively and belong to the time sequence control system, the digital delay generator triggers the control switch to be conducted through an electric signal, and when the switch is conducted, the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode communicate pulse current to flow through the metal wire to drive electric explosion. The auxiliary magnetic field coil is arranged at the pipe orifice, so that the spraying track of the charged metal steam is regulated and restrained; and a magnetic field coil is adopted to assist in controlling the expansion orientation of the charged metal vapor. The metal steam is a product which is formed by spraying and mixing all metal wires from the medium pipe after electric explosion, and after the product is collided and cooled with medium environment molecules/atoms, the metal steam is nucleated and condensed, and gradually settles under the action of gravity and airflow.
The product collection base station adopts a silicon substrate which is used for collecting a part of explosion products, and the silicon substrate is directly used for testing and characterizing SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, XPS and other devices.
Preferably, the time sequence control system is designed to be capable of regulating and controlling the explosion time delay and sequence by combining the electric explosion characteristics of different metals so as to obtain the multi-element alloy powder with higher quality.
Preferably, the mechanical cantilever is connected with the closed end of the medium pipe and used for freely regulating and controlling the metal steam spraying direction. The number of mechanical cantilevers is six. The number of the electric explosion spraying devices is six. By designing a time sequence control system and combining with the electrical explosion characteristics of different metals, the explosion time delay and sequence are regulated and controlled, so that the multi-element alloy powder with higher quality is obtained. The time sequence control system is controlled by a digital time delay generator, and the digital time delay generator controls the presence or absence of the trigger electrode voltage of the switch through an electric signal, so that the effect of controlling the switch conduction is achieved, and further the explosion time delay and sequence are regulated and controlled by combining the electric explosion characteristics of different metals, so that the multi-element alloy powder with higher quality is obtained.
Preferably, the material of the electric explosion spraying device is organic glass PMMT.
Preferably, the wire loading is selected to be high purity of 99.99% or more.
Has the advantages that:
1. according to the multi-element alloy powder synthesis device based on the electric explosion method, the metal wires are nested in the semi-closed medium pipe, so that the deposition energy of the metal wires in the electric explosion process can be improved, the metal steam sprayed in a directional mode can be obtained, and the mutual influence of the metal wires in the phase explosion and plasma processes is avoided.
2. According to the multi-element alloy powder synthesis device based on the electric explosion method, the auxiliary magnetic field coil is arranged at the pipe orifice, so that the spray track of charged metal steam can be regulated, controlled and restrained.
3. The invention discloses a multi-element alloy powder synthesizing device based on an electric explosion method, which adopts a magnetic field coil to assist in controlling the expansion orientation of charged metal steam, and can regulate and control the explosion time delay and sequence by combining the electric explosion characteristics of different metals through designing a time sequence control system so as to obtain the multi-element alloy powder with higher quality.
4. The invention discloses a multi-element alloy powder synthesizing device based on an electric explosion method, wherein an auxiliary magnetic field coil exists at a pipe orifice, so that the spraying track of charged metal steam can be regulated and controlled. Meanwhile, the time sequence control system can be matched to artificially regulate and control the explosion delay and sequence of different metal wires, so that the difference of discharge modes and unstable development caused by the self characteristics (electric/thermal conductivity, melting point and latent heat) of the metal wires is avoided.
5. The invention discloses a multi-element alloy powder synthesis device based on an electric explosion method.
6. The invention discloses a multi-element alloy powder synthesizing device based on an electric explosion method, through a large amount of experimental verification and theoretical analysis, the number of mechanical cantilevers and electric explosion injection devices is six, and the time delay and the sequence of explosion can be regulated and controlled by combining different metal electric explosion characteristics through designing a time sequence control system, so as to meet the requirements of synchronous explosion or time delay mixed explosion and obtain the multi-element alloy powder with higher quality,
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for synthesizing multi-component alloy powder based on an electric explosion method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an electric explosion blasting apparatus of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the disclosed electric explosion suppression apparatus;
wherein: 1-insulator, 2-high voltage electrode, 3-ground electrode, 4-air inlet, 5-electric explosion and injection device, 6-metal mixed steam, 7-product collection base station, 8-air outlet.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the multicomponent alloy powder synthesizing apparatus based on the electric explosion method disclosed in this embodiment includes an insulator 1, a high voltage electrode 2, a ground electrode 3, an air inlet 4, an electric explosion and injection device 5, a metal mixed vapor 6, a product collecting base 7 and an air outlet 8.
Insulator 1 adopts tetrafluoro or nylon materials to make, separates high voltage electrode post and cavity, prevents that high voltage electrode and cavity intercommunication or take place phenomenons such as puncture, creepage, and insulator surface is helical structure, can effectively increase dielectric strength.
The high-voltage electrode 2 and the grounding electrode 3 are stainless steel columns and are respectively connected with the core and the grounding sheath of the coaxial high-voltage cable.
The gas inlet 4 may be filled with an inert gas such as helium, argon, etc. to prevent oxidation/nitridation, etc. of the metal powder. The function of gas washing can be realized to gas vent 8, reaches predetermined medium atmosphere in making the cavity, still can make the directional discharge of electric explosion result in addition, is convenient for collect.
The electric explosion injection device 5 mainly comprises three parts, namely a semi-closed medium tube, an electrode, an insulator, a metal wire and a constant magnetic field. Fig. 2-1 is a schematic view of a single electric explosion ejection device with an insulator 1 inserted over the dielectric tube to prevent flashover along the surface. One end of the high-voltage electrode 2 and one end of the ground electrode 3 are respectively connected with the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode of the cavity, and the other end is connected with the metal wire. The semi-closed medium pipe 10 is 2-4cm long and 5-20mm in diameter, and is made of a plastic material with high yield strength to prevent the medium pipe from being broken or irreversibly deformed by electric explosion shock waves. The wire load 9 is selected to be of high purity to prevent the introduction of impurities, and the wire diameter is selected to be related to the initial energy storage of the system, so that the deposition energy before the wire discharge channel is broken down is required to be greater than the energy required for the complete gasification of the wire under the quality. The magnetic field coil 11 is driven by a direct current power supply and is used for providing a constant magnetic field, and the main function of the magnetic field coil is to play a role in pre-restricting the expansion track of the charged metal steam and assist in directional spraying. Fig. 2-2 is a top view of a plurality of spray devices when connected. And the mechanical cantilever 13 is connected with the closed end of the medium pipe and used for freely regulating and controlling the metal steam spraying direction. The time sequence control system 12 is controlled by a digital delay generator (DG645), wherein the first to sixth are six independent three-electrode spark switches respectively and belong to the time sequence control system, the digital delay generator triggers the control switch to be conducted through an electric signal, and when the switch is conducted, a high voltage electrode and a ground electrode communicate pulse current to flow through a metal wire to drive electric explosion. The auxiliary magnetic field coil is arranged at the pipe orifice, so that the spraying track of the charged metal steam is regulated and restrained; and a magnetic field coil is adopted to assist in controlling the expansion orientation of the charged metal vapor.
The metal steam 6 is a product which is formed by spraying and mixing all metal wires from a medium pipe after electric explosion, and after colliding and cooling with medium environment molecules/atoms, the metal steam is nucleated, condensed and gradually settled under the action of gravity and airflow.
The product collecting base 7 is a silicon substrate for collecting a part of the explosion products, and the silicon substrate can be directly used for testing and characterizing SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, XPS and other devices.
And the mechanical cantilever 13 is connected with the closed end of the medium pipe and used for freely regulating and controlling the metal steam spraying direction. The number of mechanical cantilevers 13 is six. By designing a time sequence control system and combining with the electrical explosion characteristics of different metals, the explosion time delay and sequence are regulated and controlled, so that the multi-element alloy powder with higher quality is obtained. The time sequence control system 12 is controlled by a digital time delay generator, and the digital time delay generator controls the presence or absence of the trigger electrode voltage of the switch through an electric signal, so that the effect of controlling the switch conduction is achieved, and further the explosion time delay and the sequence are regulated and controlled by combining the electric explosion characteristics of different metals, so that the multi-element alloy powder with higher quality is obtained.
The material of the electric explosion spraying device 5 is organic glass (PMMT).
The metal wire load 9 has a high purity of more than 99.99%.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A many first alloy powder synthesizer based on electric explosion method which characterized in that: the device comprises an insulator, a high-voltage electrode, a ground electrode, an air inlet, an electric explosion and injection device, metal mixed steam, a product collection base station and an exhaust port;
the insulator is made of PTFE or nylon materials, so that the high-voltage electrode column is separated from the cavity, and the high-voltage electrode is prevented from being communicated with the cavity or from being punctured or creepage; the surface of the insulator is of a spiral structure and is used for effectively increasing the insulation strength;
the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode are stainless steel columns which are respectively connected with the core and the grounding sheath of the coaxial high-voltage cable;
the gas inlet is used for introducing inert gas and preventing the metal powder from being oxidized/nitrided; the exhaust port is used for realizing the function of gas washing, so that the cavity body reaches a preset medium atmosphere, and is also used for directionally discharging electric explosion products so as to facilitate collection;
the electric explosion spraying device mainly comprises three parts, wherein a single electric explosion spraying device comprises a semi-closed medium pipe, an electrode, an insulator, a metal wire and a constant magnetic field; the semi-closed medium pipe (1) is 2-4cm long, 5-20mm in diameter and made of a plastic material with high yield strength, so that the medium pipe is prevented from being broken or irreversibly deformed by electric explosion shock waves; the insulator is inserted on the medium pipe to prevent surface flashover; one end of the high-voltage electrode and one end of the ground electrode are respectively connected with the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode of the cavity, and the other end of the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode are connected with the metal wire; the metal wire load is high in purity to prevent impurities from being introduced, the diameter of the metal wire is selected to be related to the initial energy storage of a system, and the deposition energy before the breakdown of a metal wire discharge channel is required to be larger than the energy required by the complete gasification of the metal wire under the quality; the magnetic field coil is driven by a direct current power supply and is used for providing a constant magnetic field, and the main function of the magnetic field coil is to play a predetermined binding role on an expansion track of charged metal steam and assist in directional injection; when the plurality of injection devices are connected, the mechanical cantilever is connected with the closed end of the medium pipe and is used for freely regulating and controlling the injection direction of the metal steam; the time sequence control system is controlled by a digital delay generator (DG645), pulse current flows through a metal wire when the switches are conducted by controlling switches communicated with a high voltage electrode and a ground electrode to drive electric explosion, the switches are independent from each other and all adopt three-electrode spark switches, and the digital delay generator triggers and controls the switches to be conducted through electric signals; the auxiliary magnetic field coil is arranged at the pipe orifice, so that the spraying track of the charged metal steam is regulated and restrained; the magnetic field coil is adopted to assist in controlling the expansion orientation of the charged metal vapor; the metal steam is a product which is formed by spraying and mixing all metal wires from the medium pipe after electric explosion, and after the product is collided and cooled with medium environment molecules/atoms, the metal steam is nucleated and condensed, and gradually settles under the action of gravity and airflow.
2. The multi-element alloy powder synthesizing device based on the electric explosion method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the product collection base station adopts a silicon substrate which is used for collecting a part of explosion products, and the silicon substrate is directly used for the test and characterization of SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and XPS.
3. The multi-component alloy powder synthesizing apparatus based on the electric explosion method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: by designing a time sequence control system, the explosion time delay and the explosion sequence can be regulated and controlled by combining the electric explosion characteristics of different metals, so that the multi-element alloy powder with higher quality can be obtained.
4. The multi-element alloy powder synthesizing device based on the electric explosion method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the mechanical cantilever is connected with the closed end of the medium pipe and is used for freely regulating and controlling the metal steam spraying direction; the number of the mechanical cantilevers is six; the number of the electric explosion injection devices is six; by designing a time sequence control system and combining different metal electric explosion characteristics to regulate and control explosion time delay and sequence, the multielement alloy powder with higher quality is obtained; the time sequence control system is controlled by a digital time delay generator, and the digital time delay generator controls the presence or absence of the trigger electrode voltage of the switch through an electric signal, so that the effect of controlling the switch conduction is achieved, and further the explosion time delay and sequence are regulated and controlled by combining the electric explosion characteristics of different metals, so that the multi-element alloy powder with higher quality is obtained.
5. The multi-component alloy powder synthesizing apparatus based on the electric explosion method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the material of the electric explosion spraying device is organic glass PMMT.
6. The multi-component alloy powder synthesizing apparatus based on the electric explosion method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the metal wire load is high purity of more than 99.99%.
7. The multi-component alloy powder synthesizing apparatus based on the electric explosion method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the inert gas is helium or argon.
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