CN114905027A - Method and apparatus for producing cast article - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for producing cast article Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114905027A
CN114905027A CN202210520207.6A CN202210520207A CN114905027A CN 114905027 A CN114905027 A CN 114905027A CN 202210520207 A CN202210520207 A CN 202210520207A CN 114905027 A CN114905027 A CN 114905027A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
casting
trimming
melt
die
manufacturing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202210520207.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘华初
李硕
王亚平
梁国宗
夏云
G·休斯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Weilai Automobile Technology Anhui Co Ltd
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Weilai Automobile Technology Anhui Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Weilai Automobile Technology Anhui Co Ltd filed Critical Weilai Automobile Technology Anhui Co Ltd
Priority to CN202210520207.6A priority Critical patent/CN114905027A/en
Publication of CN114905027A publication Critical patent/CN114905027A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2076Cutting-off equipment for sprues or ingates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B22D17/2236Equipment for loosening or ejecting castings from dies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D31/00Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a casting manufacturing method and a casting manufacturing device, wherein the casting manufacturing method comprises the following steps: casting: shaping the casting by means of a casting mould; trimming: transferring the casting to a trimming die and performing a trimming process on the casting, wherein during the trimming process, the casting body is pressed in a pressing direction while the casting is maintained at a preset temperature, and pores and/or shrinkage cavities in the casting body are reduced by means of the pressing. By carrying out hot pressing on the casting body while carrying out edge cutting processing on the casting, the casting manufacturing method can effectively improve the air hole defect and shrinkage cavity defect of the casting, and thereby the density and the corresponding mechanical property of the casting are improved.

Description

Method and apparatus for producing cast article
Technical Field
The invention relates to a casting manufacturing method and an apparatus for performing such a method.
Background
For common castings (e.g., aluminum alloy castings or other light alloy castings), the machining process typically includes high pressure casting, trimming, heat treatment (e.g., solution treatment, aging), dressing, surface treatment, and final delivery, wherein the heat treatment process is primarily used to reduce porosity and shrinkage (or porosity) in the casting. However, not only does the solution and aging processes consume large amounts of energy and produce large greenhouse gas emissions, but the heating and cooling effects can cause part dimensional distortion that can affect assembly accuracy and even result in scrap.
The metal melt is injected into the mold cavity during the casting process, and the flow of the metal melt in the cavity causes turbulence (especially in some areas with uneven wall thickness or sharp variations) and gas entrapment of the melt during the filling process. In addition, during the preparation of the metal melt, water vapor may also be present on the inner walls of the mold cavity. Both of these conditions can result in the formation of porosity or shrinkage defects in the cast after solidification. The defects of the air holes and the shrinkage cavities can obviously reduce the tissue density of the casting, thereby obviously reducing the mechanical property of the casting.
From the prior art, a casting manufacturing process is known, in which the harm of residual water vapor in a cavity is reduced by improving the sealing performance of the cavity of a mold and adopting a vacuum die casting method or a method of adding a trace amount of oxygen so as to reduce the defect of air holes in a casting. However, the effect of this remedy in the early stages of the casting process on the improvement of the density of the cast is not very significant.
Disclosure of Invention
According to various aspects, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a casting and a device for carrying out the method, which allow an improved compactness of the casting.
Furthermore, the present invention is also directed to solve or alleviate other technical problems occurring in the prior art.
The present invention solves the above problems by providing a method for manufacturing a casting, specifically, comprising the steps of:
casting: shaping the casting by means of a casting mould;
trimming: transferring the casting to a trimming mold, and performing trimming processing on the casting,
wherein, during the trimming process, the casting body is pressed in a pressing direction while the casting is maintained at a preset temperature, and pores and shrinkage cavities in the casting body are reduced by the pressing.
According to the method for manufacturing a casting proposed by an aspect of the present invention, in the trimming step, the casting demolded from the casting mold is directly transferred to a trimming mold for trimming processing and pressing within a preset time.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a casting manufacturing method, further comprising the steps of:
a heating step: heating the casting demolded from the casting mold to the preset temperature by means of a heating device.
According to the method for manufacturing a casting proposed by an aspect of the present invention, the casting is heated to the preset temperature before being transferred to the trimming die, or the casting is simultaneously heated to the preset temperature by the trimming die during the trimming process.
According to the casting manufacturing method proposed by an aspect of the present invention, the casting is configured as an aluminum alloy casting, and the preset temperature is not lower than 300 ℃.
According to the method for manufacturing a casting, the preset temperature is 400 to 500 ℃.
According to a casting manufacturing method proposed by an aspect of the present invention, the casting step includes the substeps of:
a melt preparation sub-step: preparing a required melt according to the size parameters of the casting;
a melt pressure casting substep: injecting the prepared melt into a cavity of a casting mold, and cooling and molding the melt in the cavity;
and a casting demolding substep: demolding the die-cast casting from the casting mold;
wherein, in the melt preparation sub-step, the melt is subjected to a degassing treatment for reducing the gas content in the melt.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for performing such a casting manufacturing method, comprising:
a die casting apparatus having a casting mold for molding a casting;
a trimming device having a trimming die including an upper trimming die and a lower trimming die movable relative to each other for trimming the casting;
wherein the edge cutting apparatus is configured to simultaneously press the casting body in a pressing direction during the edge cutting process while the casting is maintained at a preset temperature for reducing blowholes and shrinkage cavities in the casting body.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the apparatus further comprising a transfer device for transferring the castings being demolded from the casting molds directly to the trimming molds within a preset time.
According to another aspect of the invention, the apparatus further has a heating device disposed adjacent to the trimming device and adapted to heat the casting to the preset temperature prior to trimming.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a heating device is integrated into the trimming die of the trimming device for simultaneously heating the cast part to the predetermined temperature during pressing.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, the die casting device including:
a melt preparation mechanism configured to prepare a desired melt according to dimensional parameters of the casting;
a melt die-casting mechanism configured to inject the melt into a cavity of the casting mold, in which the melt is cooled and formed;
a casting demolding mechanism configured to demold a casting from the casting mold;
wherein the melt preparation mechanism further comprises a melt degassing mechanism, and the gas content in the melt is reduced by the melt degassing mechanism.
By hot-pressing the casting body while performing edge cutting processing on the casting, the casting manufacturing method according to the invention can effectively improve the pore defect and shrinkage cavity defect of the casting.
Drawings
The above and other features of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which,
FIGS. 1 and 2 show the main steps of a casting manufacturing method according to the invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus according to the invention;
figure 4 shows a schematic view of the trimming die of the device according to the invention.
Detailed Description
It is easily understood that according to the technical solution of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can propose various alternative structures and implementation ways without changing the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the technical aspects of the present invention, and should not be construed as all of the present invention or as limitations or limitations on the technical aspects of the present invention.
The terms of orientation of up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, and the like referred to or may be referred to in this specification are defined relative to the configuration shown in the drawings, and are relative terms, and thus may be changed correspondingly according to the position and the use state of the device. Therefore, these and other directional terms should not be construed as limiting terms. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive and descriptive purposes only and not for purposes of indication or implication as to the relative importance of the respective components.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, there are shown the main steps of a casting manufacturing method according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
s100 (casting step): shaping the casting by means of a casting mould;
s200 (trimming step): transferring the casting to a trimming mold, and performing trimming processing on the casting,
wherein, during the trimming process, the casting body is pressed in a pressing direction while the casting is maintained at a preset temperature, and pores and shrinkage cavities in the casting body are reduced by the pressing.
It should be noted at the outset that the castings include extraneous portions (such as spills, slugs, runners and other extraneous portions due to melt spillage) to be removed by the trimming process, as well as the casting body that needs to be retained, wherein the casting body conforms to the desired casting shape.
By simultaneously pressing the casting body during the trimming process of the casting, it is possible to collapse air holes and shrinkage cavities or shrinkage porosity that may be present in the casting body to a closed state and thereby improve the compactness of the casting and its mechanical properties. Here, the trimming processing and the pressing of the casting (in particular, the casting body) are performed simultaneously, which reduces the structural complexity of the casting processing equipment to some extent. Furthermore, a better deformability of the casting can be ensured by keeping the casting at a preset temperature, which should therefore be understood as a higher temperature than the temperature of the casting after cooling.
Optionally, the preset temperature is dependent on the casting material, casting dimensional parameters (e.g., length, width, height, thickness, etc.), acceptable blow hole or shrinkage cavity ratios, and press strength, among others. For example, the larger the size of the casting, the larger the preset temperature can be selected accordingly. If the requirements for porosity and shrinkage cavity of the casting are strict, the preset temperature can be correspondingly increased so as to ensure the deformability of the casting as much as possible.
In an alternative embodiment, the casting is made of an aluminum alloy material, and the casting is trimmed and pressed at a temperature of not less than 300 ℃.
Further alternatively, the preset temperature for the aluminum alloy casting can be set to 400 to 500 ℃ in view of the influence of the temperature on other properties of the casting, so as to obtain better properties of the casting as a whole. For example, the edge trimming device (which simultaneously serves as a stamping device for the casting body) can press down and reduce the casting wall thickness by 2 to 10% when the casting is in the preset temperature range. The pressing percentage and the corresponding pressing force of the trimming die on the die body in the pressing direction can be selected according to the specific requirements of the part.
Alternatively, the demolded casting can be maintained at the preset temperature by means of a special heating apparatus, i.e., the casting manufacturing method according to the present invention further includes step S300 (heating step): the casting released from the casting mold is heated to a preset temperature by means of a heating device. This heating step can be carried out before the casting is conveyed to the trimming die (i.e. before trimming and pressing) by means of a heating device arranged before a trimming device which will be explained further below.
Alternatively, this heating step can be performed directly by means of the trimming die, for example by means of heating wires integrated in the trimming die. The heated trimming die effects heating of the casting body while trimming the unusable portion of the casting and compressing the casting body in the pressing direction.
In another embodiment it is also possible to dispense with the above-mentioned separate heating step. Specifically, the casting demolded from the casting mold is directly transferred to a trimming mold for trimming and pressing within a preset time, so that the residual heat of the casting is used to secure the deformability required in the pressing process. For aluminum alloy castings, the demolding temperature is about 500 ℃, and the preset temperature can be realized by controlling the transfer time of the castings to the trimming die. In this way, the casting manufacturing apparatus can be further simplified.
Optionally, the casting step comprises a melt preparation substep, a melt die casting substep and a casting demolding substep, wherein in the melt preparation substep the required quality of the melt (in particular of the metal melt) can be determined and heated to the melt state depending on the dimensional parameters of the casting, and in the melt die casting substep the prepared melt is pressed into the cavity of the casting mold. In this case, the melt can be refined and degassed beforehand, while the corresponding parameters in the injection molding process are optimized in order to reduce or eliminate the gas content in the melt and thus to further increase the compactness and the mechanical properties of the shaped cast part.
The invention further relates to a device 100 for carrying out the method for producing castings, which is shown in a schematic block diagram in fig. 3 in a modular manner, said device 100 having a die casting device 110 for shaping the castings, which has a casting mold adapted to the shape of the castings, and a trimming device 120 for trimming the demolded castings. The trimming device comprises a trimming die having an upper trimming die and a lower trimming die which are movable relative to one another, i.e. towards one another and away from one another, which can typically be manufactured in the form of a stamping die. The unnecessary part of the demolded cast is removed and the cast body is pressed to eliminate the blowholes and the sink holes by the relative movement of the upper and lower trimming dies toward each other, that is, the trimming die takes both trimming and pressing roles.
Here, it should be noted that "the relative movement of the upper and lower trimming dies" can be achieved by moving the upper trimming die and the lower trimming die simultaneously toward or away from each other in the pressing direction, or by moving one of the upper trimming die and the lower trimming die relative to the other in the pressing direction. Further, the "pressing direction" can overlap with the moving direction of the trimming die.
Optionally, the apparatus 100 also has a conveyor 130 for transferring the demolded castings to the edge-cutting apparatus 120 (particularly the edge-cutting molds thereof), the speed of the conveyor 130 being controlled to ensure that the castings are conveyed to the edge-cutting apparatus 120 for a preset time and thus to ensure that the castings arriving at the edge-cutting apparatus 120 are maintained at a preset temperature. The transport apparatus 130 can be configured as a conveyor belt, a transfer cart, a robot, or other type of gripper. In this way, the residual temperature of the cast part is used to ensure deformability during the subsequent pressing and thus to facilitate elimination of porosity and shrinkage cavities.
Optionally, to more reliably ensure that the castings are maintained at the preset temperature during the trimming process, the apparatus 100 is further provided with an additional heating device 140 for heating the castings. As fig. 3 shows, this heating device 140 can be arranged separately before the trimming device 120, which can be constructed, for example, in the form of a heating wire.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 4, this schematically shows an edge cutting device 120 of the device according to the invention, wherein a heating device is integrated on the edge cutting device. The trimming device 120 includes an upper trimming die 121 and a lower trimming die 122, and heating tubes 141 are respectively provided on the upper and lower trimming dies as heating devices for heating the upper trimming die, the lower trimming die, and the casting body. At the time of the trimming process, the casting body 200 is indirectly heated and pressed (which can also be referred to as hot pressing) by means of the heat generating pipes 141 at the upper trimming die 121 and the lower trimming die 122.
Optionally, the apparatus 100 can also include a temperature measuring device (not shown) for measuring the temperature of the castings (particularly the body of the castings) to be transferred to the edge-cutting device 120 or already located on the edge-cutting device 120, in order to ensure sufficient deformability of the castings during the subsequent pressing process. The temperature measuring apparatus may be constructed in the type of an infrared thermometer or a non-contact type thermometer.
Optionally, the die casting device 110 for performing the casting process of the apparatus includes a melt preparation mechanism, a melt die casting mechanism, and a casting demolding mechanism, which are not shown for clarity, wherein the melt preparation mechanism heats the solid metal derived based on the dimensional parameters of the casting into a melt, which is injected into the cavity of the casting mold via the melt die casting mechanism and in which the cooling of the melt and the basic molding of the casting are completed. The basic molded castings are removed from the casting mold by means of a casting demolding mechanism and subsequently transferred to the trimming device 120 via a conveying device 130, if present. In this case, the melt can be degassed and refined by means of a melt degassing device before being injected into the casting mold, in order to reduce the gas content in the melt and thus to improve porosity and shrinkage or porosity defects of the cast part.
In conclusion, the casting manufacturing method can effectively improve the defects of air holes and shrinkage cavities or shrinkage porosity of the casting by hot-pressing the casting body while performing edge cutting processing on the casting. In another embodiment of the invention, the densification of the casting can be further improved by purging the melt. In another embodiment of the invention, the complexity of the apparatus can be further reduced by using the residual heat of the demolded casting to ensure sufficient deformability of the casting during pressing.
It should be understood that all of the above preferred embodiments are exemplary and not restrictive, and that various modifications and changes in the specific embodiments described above, which would occur to persons skilled in the art upon consideration of the above teachings, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (12)

1. A method of manufacturing a casting, comprising the steps of:
casting: shaping the casting by means of a casting mould;
and (3) trimming: transferring the casting to a trimming mold, and performing trimming processing on the casting,
wherein during the trimming process, the casting body is pressed in a pressing direction while the casting is kept at a predetermined temperature, by means of which blow holes and/or shrinkage cavities in the casting body are reduced.
2. The casting manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the trimming step, the casting demolded from the casting mold is directly transferred to a trimming mold for trimming processing and pressing within a preset time.
3. A casting manufacturing method as defined in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
a heating step: heating the casting released from the casting mold to the preset temperature by means of a heating device.
4. A casting manufacturing method according to claim 3, characterized in that the casting is heated to the preset temperature before being transferred to a trimming die or simultaneously by means of the trimming die during trimming processing.
5. A casting manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the casting is configured as an aluminum alloy casting, and the preset temperature is not lower than 300 ℃.
6. A casting manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that the predetermined temperature is 400 to 500 ℃.
7. A casting manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the casting step comprises the substeps of:
a melt preparation sub-step: preparing a required melt according to the size parameters of the casting;
a melt pressure casting substep: injecting the prepared melt into a cavity of a casting mold, and cooling and molding the melt in the cavity;
and a casting demolding substep: demolding the die-cast casting from the casting mold;
wherein, in the melt preparation sub-step, the melt is subjected to a degassing treatment for reducing the gas content in the melt.
8. An apparatus that can be used to perform the casting manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the apparatus comprises:
a die casting apparatus having a casting mold for molding a casting;
a trimming device having a trimming die including an upper trimming die and a lower trimming die movable relative to each other for trimming the casting;
wherein the trimming apparatus is configured to simultaneously press the casting body in a pressing direction during trimming processing while the casting is maintained at a preset temperature for reducing blowholes and/or shrinkage cavities in the casting body.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a transfer device for transferring the castings being demolded from the casting molds directly to the trim molds within a preset time.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 further having a heating device disposed adjacent the trimming device and adapted to heat the casting to the preset temperature prior to the trimming process.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein a heating device is integrated into the trimming die of the trimming device for simultaneously heating the casting to the preset temperature during pressing.
12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the die casting device includes:
a melt preparation mechanism configured for preparing a desired melt according to dimensional parameters of the casting;
a melt die-casting mechanism configured to inject the melt into a cavity of the casting mold, in which the melt is cooled and formed;
a casting demolding mechanism configured to demold a casting from the casting mold;
wherein the melt preparation mechanism further comprises a melt degassing mechanism, and the gas content in the melt is reduced by the melt degassing mechanism.
CN202210520207.6A 2022-05-13 2022-05-13 Method and apparatus for producing cast article Pending CN114905027A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN114905027A true CN114905027A (en) 2022-08-16

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4021910A (en) * 1974-07-03 1977-05-10 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Method for treating superalloy castings
JPH08164468A (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd Strain straightening device of product
GB9715583D0 (en) * 1996-07-29 1997-10-01 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Method of eliminating casting defects
JP2006150430A (en) * 2004-11-30 2006-06-15 Asama Giken Co Ltd Method for forging casting and forging apparatus
KR20180042954A (en) * 2016-10-19 2018-04-27 (주)신영유니크 Continuous casting-forging manufacturing equipment
CN112247100A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-01-22 重庆博奥镁铝金属制造有限公司 Method for processing cast product with isolated tooth-shaped structure

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4021910A (en) * 1974-07-03 1977-05-10 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Method for treating superalloy castings
US4021910B1 (en) * 1974-07-03 1984-07-10
JPH08164468A (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd Strain straightening device of product
GB9715583D0 (en) * 1996-07-29 1997-10-01 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Method of eliminating casting defects
JP2006150430A (en) * 2004-11-30 2006-06-15 Asama Giken Co Ltd Method for forging casting and forging apparatus
KR20180042954A (en) * 2016-10-19 2018-04-27 (주)신영유니크 Continuous casting-forging manufacturing equipment
CN112247100A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-01-22 重庆博奥镁铝金属制造有限公司 Method for processing cast product with isolated tooth-shaped structure

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
柳成: "《金工实习》", 冶金工业出版社, pages: 37 - 47 *

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