CN1149006A - 二氧化硫、煤灰和有害矿物的静电分离器 - Google Patents
二氧化硫、煤灰和有害矿物的静电分离器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及将煤与有害成分及煤灰分离开的静电分离。更具体地涉及利用对煤和矿物颗粒施加相反电荷，使之从带相反电荷的电极间经过、机械分离被静电吸引的分散的煤和废物颗粒来将煤与废物分离开。通过在一连续降低真空的环境中的充电及分离作用来使静电吸引和分散分离过程最强。采用真空排出以连续地去除水和水蒸汽而造成电荷耗散。另外，降低真空的环境可防止气体系统对静电作用损害。
Description
本申请是于1995年1月3日提交的美国专利申请No.08/368,497的部分继续。
在生活用锅炉和工业锅炉中燃烧的煤含有各种数量的矿物杂质，在燃烧时，这些杂质会产生可导致“酸雨”的二氧化硫、可造成烟雾的煤灰、以及通过空气传播的有毒化合物。从烟气中去除二氧化硫和煤灰的费用很高。从烟气中去除含有有毒成分的化合物似乎目前在任何途径上都没能实现，除了可能有某些巧合的方式。
Brown等人在美国专利No.5,275,631中提示了一种结合了静电及气动分离装置的离心式磨煤机，分离装置与磨煤机同心布置，旨在以较经济的方式将不需要的无机化合物在燃烧之前从煤中去除。与铁及铜的硫化物相似，在无机化合物中有很多的有毒成份。可以使这些有毒化合物及会产生煤灰的矿物带上负电荷，而通过比如与铜接触使煤颗粒充上正电荷。但在Brown描述的方法中，由于在磨煤期间从煤中释放出来的空气或水蒸汽的扰动，会降低静电分离器的效果。
本发明涉及一种通过将煤与有毒及二氧化硫成分和煤灰化合物用静电分离开而提高煤的品位的装置。更具体地，本发明涉及通过将相反电荷施加于煤和废物颗粒上、使它们从带有相反电荷的电极之间经过、并将被静电吸引的分岔的煤和废物颗粒机械地分离，从而将煤从无用物质中分离出。通过在一连续降低真空的环境进行充电和分离作用，使静电吸引和分岔分离过程得到最大加强。采用真空排出以连续地去除水和水蒸汽，可防止煤颗粒通过将电荷传递至水和水蒸汽而造成的电荷耗散。另外，降低真空的环境可以防止因气体紊流而损害静电的作用。
本发明的一个目的是改进煤的制备技术。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种使煤能够符合环境要求地进行燃烧的更经济的装置。
本发明再一个目的是提供一种用来防止含有有毒微量成分的化合物进入燃煤设备周围的环境中的装置。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种可提高将煤颗粒与废物颗粒中静电分离开的效率的装置。
本发明再一个目的是提供一种对磨碎的煤颗粒进行真空处理以便在静电分离之前去除水和水蒸汽的装置。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种对磨碎的煤颗粒进行加热以便在静电分离之前去除水和水蒸汽的装置。
本发明这些和其他的优点及目的可从下面的详细描述及附图中看得很清楚，图中：
图1是显示本发明新特征的静电分离器的断面图；
图2是给出了在标准温度和压力下的各种颗粒尺寸抛射轨迹长度的表；
图3是给出了在百分之二十标准大气压下各种颗粒尺寸的抛射轨迹长度的表。
现参看图1，在磨煤室内已磨碎至非常小的微米级尺寸的煤被喂入旋转阀10。一粗选泵通过孔11和12以一个使分离室13和外流室14内保持0.001至0.67之间的大气压的真空度的速度将水蒸汽和空气抽出此系统。多达百分之五至十的重量百分比的煤可能是水。在周围的磨成微粉的煤中的水和水蒸汽会将通过摩擦起电(粉碎煤时产生的静电充电)或其它静电充电方法产生的由煤颗粒及废物颗粒携带的静电荷抽走。因此，在静电充电之前尽可能多地去除水和水蒸汽是有利的。
在磨煤之前将煤加热至约250度华氏温度会在将煤磨成微粉时将水闪蒸成蒸汽。如果有5％的煤是水，则20％的水被蒸发。对于每小时35吨的煤，总计为400立方英尺/分的水蒸汽，假定水蒸汽在密封的微粉磨机系统中是主要的气体的话。另外，磨煤后的加热会赶走一些由磨煤过程产生的水蒸汽。
由于水蒸汽约有60％的空气那么稠密，与煤一起进入静电分离器的剩下的未排出的气体允许比标准温度和压力(STP)的空气长得多的颗粒抛射轨迹。图2给出了在STP下的空气内各种颗粒尺寸的代表性抛射轨迹范围。需要比STP下更长的轨迹，以便通过从旋转充电环外侧经电极至分离机的切向距离。图3给出了在0.20个大气压和63度华氏温度的水蒸汽下的各种颗粒尺寸的抛射轨迹范围。
采用图1所示的分离系统的磨煤机动作如下。旋转阀10将磨碎的减压的煤喂送到转盘15上。一电机25驱动一连接至转盘15并带动转盘15转动的轴。转动速度可以通过改变电机25的速度来改变。转盘15携带着一个或多个铜合金充电环16。
煤受到离心力作用而沿着充电环16的斜坡向上并被对着静止的铜合金充电环17抛射直到从环形电极18和19之间经过。这种将煤和废物颗粒在充电环16和17上摩擦的过程在分离之前使颗粒带上静电电荷。两种颗粒都被充电，并在离开充电环16时被离心地加速。
这些颗粒的抛射轨迹经过一对带有相反电荷的环形电极18和19，以进行静电分离。电极19带正电，对已通过与铜环16和17摩擦接触而带上负电荷的无机废物颗粒施加吸引力。电极18带负电，并吸引已通过与铜环16及17摩擦接触而带上正电荷的煤颗粒。因此，当煤和废物颗粒从电极18和19之间经过时，由各自的电荷而分开。
环形分流叶片20将废物颗粒引入分离室13，它们在那里被收集在旋转阀21内。旋转阀21保持空气密封，同时将废物导入处理装置中。
煤颗粒从环形分流叶片20上面经过并冲击在环形耐磨环上。然后煤颗粒落入几个集煤仓14的每一个中，每个集煤仓14的底部终了处都有一空气密封的旋转阀24，煤通过旋转阀24而被导入气流管22，气流管22将煤携带至燃烧器进行燃烧。
应当明白上面内容只用来解释说明，不偏离权利要求书所要保护的范围，可进行各种变化。
Claims (6)
1.一种用来将矿物废物与磨碎的煤分离的装置，包括：
一旋转环系统，具有对磨碎的煤充正电荷并对废物颗粒充负电荷的充电装置；
一对环形的带有相反电荷的电极，位于所述旋转环系统的外侧，用来将所述带正电的磨碎的煤和所述带负电的废物颗粒分离开；
一环形分离片，位于所述环形电极外侧；
一装置，用来抽吸并将所述充电装置和所述电极内维持于降低的气压下。
2.一种用来将矿物废物与磨碎的煤分离开的装置，包括：
一用来加热已磨碎的煤的装置；
一旋转环系统，具有用来对磨碎的煤充正电荷并对废物颗粒充负电荷的充电装置；
一对环形的带相反电荷的电极，位于所述旋转环系统的外侧，用来将所述带正电荷的磨碎的煤与所述带负电荷的废物颗粒分离开；以及
一环形分流叶片，位于所述环形电极的外侧。
3.如权利要求1所述的用来将矿物废物与磨碎的分离开的装置，其特征在于，还包括用来加热已磨碎的煤的装置，其中所述磨碎的煤在被所述旋转环系统接收之前被加热。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的用来将矿物废物与磨碎的煤分离开的装置，其特征在于，所述的旋转环系统还包括一转动盘和一静止盘，转动盘连接有第一组多个环，静止盘连接有第二组多个环，其中的所述充电装置为铜合金。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的用来将矿物废物与磨碎的煤分离开的装置，其特征在于，所述那对环形的带相反电荷的电极中的上电极是带负电的，从而向上吸引带正电的磨碎的煤并向下排斥带负电的废物颗粒，所述那对环形的带相反电荷的电极中的下电极是带正电的，从而向下吸引所述带负电的废物颗粒，并向上排斥所述带正电的磨碎的煤，这样，当颗粒射流从所述电极间经过时，它们被电荷有效地分离开。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的用来将矿物废物与磨碎的煤分离开的装置，其特征在于，还包括用来改变所述旋转环系统的转动速度的装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/519,924 US5637122A (en) | 1995-01-03 | 1995-08-28 | Electrostatic pyrite ash and toxic mineral separator |
| US519,924 | 1995-08-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1149006A true CN1149006A (zh) | 1997-05-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96109476A Pending CN1149006A (zh) | 1995-08-28 | 1996-08-28 | 二氧化硫、煤灰和有害矿物的静电分离器 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5637122A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1149006A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1997009398A2 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA967286B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110193425A (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-09-03 | 辽宁科技大学 | 自由下落式旋转摩擦静电分选机 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6286771B1 (en) | 1998-08-25 | 2001-09-11 | Charles Kepler Brown, Jr. | Two-stage micronizer for reducing oversize particles |
| AU3789000A (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2000-05-29 | Charles Kepler Brown Jr. | Coal grinding, cleaning and drying processor |
| US6660935B2 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2003-12-09 | Gelcore Llc | LED extrusion light engine and connector therefor |
| WO2003070862A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-28 | Hazen Research, Inc. | Dry dust control materials |
| DE102005023950B4 (de) * | 2005-05-20 | 2007-08-02 | Omya Gmbh | Anlage zur Herstellung disperser mineralischer Produkte |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4574045A (en) * | 1982-02-22 | 1986-03-04 | Crossmore Jr Edward Y | Removal of undesirable substances from finely divided particles |
| US4482351A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1984-11-13 | Hitachi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd. | Process for removing ash from coal |
| US5275631A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-01-04 | Brown Charles K | Coal pulverizer purifier classifier |
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1995
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- 1996-08-28 WO PCT/US1996/013802 patent/WO1997009398A2/en active Application Filing
- 1996-08-28 CN CN96109476A patent/CN1149006A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110193425A (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-09-03 | 辽宁科技大学 | 自由下落式旋转摩擦静电分选机 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO1997009398A3 (en) | 1997-05-09 |
| US5637122A (en) | 1997-06-10 |
| WO1997009398A2 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
| ZA967286B (en) | 1997-06-23 |
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