CN114900226A - Low-earth-orbit constellation satellite communication system and communication method thereof - Google Patents
Low-earth-orbit constellation satellite communication system and communication method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
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- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-orbit constellation satellite communication system and a communication method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: when the gateway station can use the feeder link and the user link to work normally, the small gateway station is not started; when the feeder link of the gateway station is broken and can not be used and the user link is normal, the small gateway station starts: the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 can not normally access through a feed link, and complete the processes of access, calling, paging and data transmission through a user link, a small gateway station and a core network of the gateway station; and the core network of the gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal, and after the authentication, the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 perform communication service. The invention ensures the normal communication service of the satellite terminal and improves the availability of the satellite communication system through the interconnection and intercommunication of the small-sized gateway station, the ground backbone network and the gateway station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a low-earth-orbit constellation satellite communication system and a communication method thereof.
Background
1. Low earth orbit constellation satellite communication system
The low-orbit constellation satellite communication system is a satellite communication system which transmits signals through a low-orbit constellation. Currently, the low orbit constellation satellite communication systems built or already built in the world mainly comprise starlink, O3B, OneWeb, Telesat and the like, and China mainly comprises systems such as rainbow clouds and swan gooses. Generally, a low earth constellation satellite communication system is composed of three parts, namely a space section, a ground section and an application section, as shown in fig. 1.
(1) Space segment
The space segment is comprised of a constellation of low orbit satellites. The satellite constellation is a collection of satellites which can normally work when launched into orbit, and is usually a satellite network formed by configuring a plurality of satellite rings according to a certain mode. The low-orbit satellite constellation is a low-orbit satellite network composed of a plurality of low-orbit satellites, as shown in fig. 2.
There are generally two types of loads carried by low earth orbit satellites: transparent load and processing load. The satellite carrying the transparent load plays a role in transparently forwarding signals between the terminal and the gateway station, and only frequency conversion processing and signal amplification are carried out on the signals; the satellite carrying the processing load can perform modulation and demodulation, coding and decoding and other processing on signals and can use an inter-satellite link, the global integrated communication requirement is more and more obvious along with the development of satellite communication, and the advantages of the load in the form are gradually highlighted.
(2) Ground segment
The ground segment is used as an important component of the low-earth constellation satellite communication system, completes the functions of satellite load management, service processing, network management, operation management, cross-country service settlement and the like of the low-earth constellation satellite communication system, is responsible for interconnection and intercommunication of the low-earth constellation satellite communication system and other systems, and mainly comprises an operation control center, a global operation service center and gateway stations distributed in all parts of the world.
a) Operation control center
The operation control center is an operation control center for short, is a core component and a management center of operation and maintenance control of the low-earth constellation satellite communication system, provides a centralized, unified, comprehensive and automatic platform for system control and application management, and ensures safe, stable and reliable operation of a constellation and ground gateway station network. The system mainly completes the functions of satellite load management, satellite-ground resource operation condition and satellite-ground feeder link state monitoring, gateway station system task planning and the like.
b) Global operation service center
The global operation service center is an important part for supporting the global operation of the satellite communication system with low earth orbit constellation. The global operation service center is connected with the comprehensive network management and operation support system of each country, mainly completes the functions of global settlement, gateway station network monitoring and the like, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the global network.
c) Gateway station system
The low orbit constellation satellite communication system with the transparent load is carried, a gateway station system provides services such as communication, service, operation, management and the like for the low orbit constellation satellite communication system, and has the functions of system resource management, air interface protocol processing, user authentication and encryption, service routing and exchange, service, local network operation and the like.
The low-orbit constellation communication system carrying the processing load integrates the functions of resource allocation, service routing, switching and the like originally borne by the gateway station to the processing load of the satellite, so that the gateway station does not need to bear the function of air interface protocol processing, and only needs to have the functions of simple modulation, demodulation, coding, decoding and the like, and a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway station is a high-speed data transmission channel and can be regarded as a communication channel of the service routing and a switching entity at the rear end of the satellite processing load and the gateway station.
(3) Application segment
The application section is composed of various fixed and mobile terminals distributed in the coverage range of low earth orbit constellation wave beams, the terminals are portals and application platforms of users accessing a low earth orbit constellation satellite communication system and are used for establishing data transmission links between the users and the satellites, and each terminal has the switching capacity among the wave beams, the satellites and the gateway stations and can provide continuous service for the users.
2. Communication flow
(1) Satellite communication system carrying transparent load
As shown in fig. 3, the communication flow of the transparent load satellite is a communication system carrying the transparent load satellite, the gateway station completes the functions of signal transceiving, access control, resource allocation, protocol processing, service exchange, and the like, and the interfaces between the satellite and the terminal and between the satellite and the gateway station use an air interface protocol.
(2) Satellite communication system for carrying processing load
As shown in fig. 4, a communication system for processing a load satellite is mounted, a gateway station completes functions of signal transceiving, data transmission protocol processing, service switching, and the like, access layer protocol processing such as access control, resource allocation, and the like is completed on a satellite (base station), an interface between the satellite and a terminal uses an air interface protocol, and an interface between the satellite and the gateway station uses a data transmission protocol, which is equivalent to an NG interface between the base station and a core network.
3. Feeder link and user link
As shown in fig. 5, the link between the satellite and the satellite terminal is a user link, the wireless link between the satellite and the gateway station is a feeder link, and the service data of all users are converged onto the feeder link, so that the data carried by the feeder link is the sum of the data of all users on the user link. The higher the link frequency band is, the larger the available bandwidth is, and as known from shannon's theorem, the higher the transmission rate is, which is also the main reason why the frequency band of the feeder link is higher than that of the user link, but the feeder link with a relatively higher frequency band is more susceptible to rainfall.
4. Disadvantages of the prior art and technical problems to be solved by the present application
In a satellite communication system, weather such as precipitation is a main cause of interruption of satellite communication. The frequency band of the satellite feeder link is higher than that of the user link, and the satellite feeder link is more easily influenced by weather reasons such as rainfall (the rain attenuation is larger). In most cases, precipitation and other weather often affect the feeder link first, and even if the user link is normal, the user cannot use the normal satellite communication service.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-earth-orbit constellation satellite communication system and a communication method thereof, which utilize a normal user link to transmit feed data when a feed link is interrupted, thereby improving the availability of the satellite communication system.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a low orbit constellation satellite communication system comprises a satellite terminal, a low orbit constellation and a gateway station, and also comprises a small gateway station for receiving feed data information;
when the low earth orbit satellite feed link is interrupted and the user link is not interrupted, the feed data information is transmitted to the small-sized gateway station through the low earth orbit satellite user link, the small-sized gateway station is connected with the gateway station through the ground backbone network, the core network of the gateway station is accessed, and the signaling connection process required by terminal communication is completed.
A communication method of a low earth constellation satellite communication system comprises the following steps:
setting a small gateway station for receiving feed data information;
when the gateway station can use the feeder link and the user link to work normally, the small gateway station is not started;
when the feeder link of the gateway station is broken and can not be used and the user link is normal, the small gateway station starts: the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 can not normally access through a feed link, and complete the processes of access, calling, paging and data transmission through a user link, a small gateway station and a core network of the gateway station; and the core network of the gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal, and after the authentication, the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 perform communication service.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) when the satellite feed link is interrupted and the user link is not interrupted, transmitting feed data information through the low-orbit satellite user link, and communicating with a gateway station core network through a small gateway station to complete a signaling connection process required by satellite terminal communication; (2) the small-sized gateway station, the ground backbone network and the gateway station are interconnected and intercommunicated, so that the satellite terminal is ensured to carry out basic normal communication service, and the availability of the satellite communication system is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a low earth constellation satellite communication system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a low-orbit constellation.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transparent payload satellite communication flow.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication process for handling payload.
Fig. 5 is a communication flow diagram for processing a payload.
Fig. 6 is a communication flow diagram of the low earth constellation satellite communication system according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a resource allocation flow.
Fig. 8 is a control plane protocol diagram.
Fig. 9 is a user plane protocol diagram.
Detailed Description
In the prior art, a satellite user link transmits user data, a feeder link transmits feed data, and once the feeder link is interrupted due to rainfall, even if the user link is not interrupted, a satellite terminal still cannot perform normal communication service. When the satellite feed link is interrupted and the user link is not interrupted, the user link is used for transmitting feed data, and the small gateway station, the ground backbone network and the gateway station are interconnected and intercommunicated, so that the satellite terminal can be ensured to perform basic normal communication service, and the availability of a satellite communication system is improved.
The invention relates to a low-orbit constellation satellite communication system, which comprises a satellite terminal, a low-orbit constellation, a gateway station and a small gateway station, wherein the small gateway station is used for receiving feed data information;
when the low earth orbit satellite feed link is interrupted and the user link is not interrupted, the feed data information is transmitted to the small-sized gateway station through the low earth orbit satellite user link, the small-sized gateway station is connected with the gateway station through the ground backbone network, the core network of the gateway station is accessed, and the signaling connection process required by terminal communication is completed.
As a specific implementation scheme, the gateway station can use a feeder link, and when a user link works normally, the small gateway station is not started; when the gateway station feeder link can not work normally and the user link is normal, the small gateway station is started.
As a specific implementation scheme, the small gateway station is used as a standby station of the gateway station, and the resource is applied to the operation control center according to the real-time use condition of the satellite resource.
As a specific implementation scheme, for the satellite terminal internet access service, the flow of the small gateway station applying for resources from the operation control center is as follows:
after receiving the access request of the satellite terminal, the small gateway station forwards the request to the gateway station, and the gateway station core network completes authentication and certification of the satellite terminal; after the satellite terminal passes the authentication of the gateway station core network, the small gateway station and the operation control system carry out resource negotiation, the operation control system distributes service resources to the small gateway station and the satellite terminal according to the real-time resource use condition, and informs the satellite base station through the small gateway station, then the satellite base station carries out resource distribution, and finally PDU conversation is established between the satellite terminal and the gateway station core network.
As a specific implementation, the air interface protocol of the small gateway station uses a user side air interface protocol; in the control plane, the small-sized gateway station deploys an RRC layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with the low-orbit satellite, and communicates with a gateway station core network through a ground backbone network bearing an IP protocol; in the user plane, the small gateway station deploys an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with the low orbit satellite, and the small gateway station carries an IP protocol and a UDP protocol to communicate with a gateway station core network through a ground backbone network.
As a specific implementation, the satellite terminal operates a terminal protocol stack, the low-earth orbit satellite processes the load to realize a function of converting data transmission data into air interface data, the data transmission data which is originally sent to the gateway station is converted into the air interface data, and then the air interface data is sent to the small gateway station, so that a signaling connection process is completed.
The invention discloses a communication method of a low earth orbit constellation satellite communication system, which comprises the following steps:
setting a small gateway station for receiving feed data information;
when the gateway station can use the feeder link and the user link to work normally, the small gateway station is not started;
when the feeder link of the gateway station is broken and can not be used and the user link is normal, the small gateway station starts: the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 can not normally access through a feed link, and complete the processes of access, calling, paging and data transmission through a user link, a small gateway station and a core network of the gateway station; and the core network of the gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal, and after the authentication, the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 perform communication service.
As a specific implementation scheme, the small gateway station is used as a standby station of the gateway station, and the resource is applied to the operation control center according to the real-time use condition of the satellite resource.
As a specific implementation scheme, for the satellite terminal internet access service, the flow of the small gateway station applying for resources from the operation control center is as follows:
after receiving an access request of a satellite terminal, the small gateway station performs authentication and certification on the satellite terminal; after the satellite terminal passes the authentication of the gateway station core network, the small gateway station and the operation control system carry out resource negotiation, the operation control system distributes service resources to the small gateway station and the satellite terminal according to the real-time resource use condition, and informs the satellite base station through the small gateway station, then the satellite base station carries out resource distribution, and finally PDU conversation is established between the satellite terminal and the gateway station core network.
As a specific implementation, the air interface protocol of the small gateway station uses a user side air interface protocol; the satellite terminal operates a terminal protocol stack, the low-orbit satellite processes the load to realize the function of converting data transmission data into air interface data, the data transmission data which is originally sent to the gateway station is converted into the air interface data and then sent to the small gateway station through the air interface, and the signaling connection process is completed.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
Examples
When the low earth orbit satellite feed link is interrupted due to weather reasons such as precipitation and the like, and the user link is not interrupted, feed data information can be transmitted through the low earth orbit satellite user link, a signaling connection process required by terminal communication is completed, and normal communication service of a user is ensured. The implementation of this communication flow requires the deployment of a special gateway station (small gateway station) for receiving the feeder data information. The small-sized gateway station is connected with the gateway station through a ground backbone network, accesses a core network of the gateway station and completes a terminal communication connection process.
(1) Flow design
The communication flow is as shown in fig. 6, the feeder link of the gateway station is interrupted and cannot be used, the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 cannot normally access through the feeder link, and can go to the core network of the gateway station through the user link and the small gateway station to complete the flows of access, call, paging, data transmission, and the like. The core network of the gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal, and after the authentication passes, the satellite terminal 1 can perform normal communication service with the satellite terminal 2.
The small gateway station does not need to be started when the gateway station can use the feeder link and the user link works normally; the small gateway station is started only when the feeder link of the gateway station can not work normally and the user link is normal. The small gateway station as a special standby station of the gateway station can apply for resources from the operation control center according to the real-time use condition of satellite resources, and the process is shown in fig. 7, taking the satellite terminal internet access service as an example.
And after receiving the access request of the satellite terminal, the small gateway station performs authentication and certification on the satellite terminal. After the satellite terminal passes the authentication of the core network, the small gateway station and the operation control system carry out resource negotiation, the operation control system distributes service resources to the small gateway station and the satellite terminal according to the real-time use condition of the resources, and informs the satellite base station through the small gateway station, then the satellite base station carries out resource distribution, and finally PDU conversation is established between the satellite terminal and the core network.
(2) Protocol design
In order to implement this procedure, the processing load needs to support a corresponding air interface protocol, and a protocol design is performed based on a 3GPP NTN network protocol system.
From the perspective of an air interface protocol, the small gateway station is a special user terminal, and the air interface protocol uses a user side air interface protocol. The satellite terminal operates a terminal protocol stack, the low orbit satellite processes a load (base station) to realize the function of converting data transmission data into air interface data, the data transmission data which is originally sent to the gateway station is converted into the air interface data and then sent to the small gateway station through the air interface, and the signaling connection process is completed. Fig. 8 is a control plane protocol of an air interface of the small gateway station, and fig. 9 is a user plane protocol of an air interface of the small gateway station. In the control plane, the small-sized gateway station deploys an RRC layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with the low-orbit satellite, and communicates with a gateway station core network through a ground backbone network bearing an IP protocol; in the user plane, the small gateway station deploys an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with the low orbit satellite, and the small gateway station carries an IP protocol and a UDP protocol to communicate with a gateway station core network through a ground backbone network.
To sum up, when the low earth orbit satellite feed link is interrupted due to weather reasons such as precipitation and the like, so that the gateway station can not work normally, and the user link is not interrupted, the feed data information is transmitted through the low earth orbit satellite user link, and the low earth orbit satellite user link is communicated with the gateway station core network through the small gateway station, so that a signaling connection flow required by satellite terminal communication is completed, the satellite terminal can be ensured to perform basic normal communication service, and the availability of a satellite communication system is improved.
Claims (10)
1. A low orbit constellation satellite communication system comprises a satellite terminal, a low orbit constellation and a gateway station, and is characterized by also comprising a small gateway station for receiving feed data information;
when the low earth orbit satellite feed link is interrupted and the user link is not interrupted, the feed data information is transmitted to the small-sized gateway station through the low earth orbit satellite user link, the small-sized gateway station is connected with the gateway station through the ground backbone network, the core network of the gateway station is accessed, and the signaling connection process required by terminal communication is completed.
2. The low earth constellation satellite communication system of claim 1, wherein the small gateway station is not enabled when the subscriber link is operating normally and the feeder link is available to the gateway station; when the gateway station feeder link can not work normally and the user link is normal, the small gateway station is started.
3. The low earth constellation satellite communication system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the small gateway station is a backup station for the gateway station, and applies for resources from the operation control center according to real-time use of satellite resources.
4. The low earth orbit constellation satellite communication system of claim 3, wherein for the satellite terminal internet service, the flow of the small gateway station applying for resources from the operation control center is as follows:
after receiving an access request of a satellite terminal, the small gateway station forwards the request to the gateway station, and the gateway station core network completes authentication and certification of the satellite terminal; after the satellite terminal passes the authentication of the gateway station core network, the small gateway station and the operation control system carry out resource negotiation, the operation control system distributes service resources to the small gateway station and the satellite terminal according to the real-time resource use condition, and informs the satellite base station through the small gateway station, then the satellite base station carries out resource distribution, and finally PDU conversation is established between the satellite terminal and the gateway station core network.
5. The low earth orbit constellation satellite communication system of claim 3, wherein the air interface protocol of the small gateway station uses a user side air interface protocol; in the control plane, the small-sized gateway station deploys an RRC layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with the low-orbit satellite, and communicates with a gateway station core network through a ground backbone network bearing an IP protocol; in the user plane, the small gateway station deploys an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, an MAC layer and a PHY layer to communicate with the low orbit satellite, and the small gateway station carries an IP protocol and a UDP protocol to communicate with a gateway station core network through a ground backbone network.
6. The low-earth-orbit constellation satellite communication system according to claim 3, wherein the satellite terminal runs a terminal protocol stack, the low-earth-orbit satellite processes the load to realize a function of converting data to air interface data, the data to be transmitted to the gateway station is converted into the air interface data, and then the air interface data is transmitted to the small gateway station, so as to complete a signaling connection process.
7. A communication method of a low earth constellation satellite communication system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting a small gateway station for receiving feed data information;
when the gateway station can use the feeder link and the user link to work normally, the small gateway station is not started;
when the feeder link of the gateway station is broken and can not be used and the user link is normal, the small gateway station starts: the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 can not normally access through a feed link, and complete the processes of access, calling, paging and data transmission through a user link, a small gateway station and a core network of the gateway station; and the core network of the gateway station authenticates the satellite terminal, and after the authentication, the satellite terminal 1 and the satellite terminal 2 perform communication service.
8. The communication method of the low earth orbit constellation satellite communication system of claim 7, wherein the small gateway station is used as a backup station of the gateway station, and applies for resources from the operation control center according to the real-time use condition of the satellite resources.
9. The communication method of the low earth orbit constellation satellite communication system according to claim 8, wherein for the satellite terminal internet service, the flow of the small gateway station applying for resources from the operation control center is as follows:
after receiving an access request of a satellite terminal, the small gateway station performs authentication and certification on the satellite terminal; after the satellite terminal passes the authentication of the gateway station core network, the small gateway station and the operation control system carry out resource negotiation, the operation control system distributes service resources to the small gateway station and the satellite terminal according to the real-time resource use condition, and informs the satellite base station through the small gateway station, then the satellite base station carries out resource distribution, and finally PDU conversation is established between the satellite terminal and the gateway station core network.
10. The communication method of the low-earth constellation satellite communication system according to claim 9, wherein the air interface protocol of the small gateway station uses a user side air interface protocol; the satellite terminal operates a terminal protocol stack, the low-orbit satellite processes the load to realize the function of converting data transmission data into air interface data, the data transmission data which is originally sent to the gateway station is converted into the air interface data and then sent to the small gateway station through the air interface, and the signaling connection process is completed.
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